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This study aims to analyze the effect of tangible, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, empathy on customer satisfaction as well as the effect of relationship and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty of gas stations self-service during the covid 19 pandemic. The method used in this study uses quantitative methods. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online. Respondents from this study were customers of gas stations self-service in Bekasi, amounting to 150 samples. The analysis technique uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with SPSS v13 and AMOS v20 tools. The results showed that the variables of reliability, assurance and responsiveness influenced customer satisfaction with gas stations and self-service but variables had tangible and empathy no effect on customer satisfaction, while the variables of customer satisfaction and relationship had an effect on customer loyalty with a system self-service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract HOBIT, which stands for "Hybrid Optical Bench for Innovative Teaching and learning" is an educational platform that leverages the combination of numerical simulation and physical manipulation to facilitate learning of complex phenomena and motivate users about wave optics in practical work. HOBIT operates in real time and is self-adaptive, providing realistic displays of optical phenomena with virtual augmentations designed to facilitate their understanding. HOBIT makes it quick and easy to build any reconfigurable optical experiment. Students can manipulate optical components and observe the changes induced on detectors and displays. We detail the technology, the simulation model and the initial teaching aids. Current and future enhancements should meet the needs of students at different levels, from high school to higher education degrees.

This article discusses issues related to sustainable heritage management in China and problematises two dichotomies in heritage practices and research: the ‘Eastern/Western’ approaches and the tangible–intangible divide. It addresses these issues by examining the dramatic ‘make-over’ project of Guangrenwang Temple in Shanxi Province, China. The ‘make-over’ project transformed a small rural temple with a ninth-century timber structure into an architectural history museum, with a combination of private, public, and crowd-sourced funding. A real-estate corporation played a significant role in the project’s initiative and organised a large-scale national and international publicity campaign around the project. Previously unknown to most laypeople in China, the temple attracted much debate since the project’s completion, revolving around its ‘cultural legitimacy’, the design’s appropriateness, the sustainability of the revitalisation, and the implications of the project to its ‘heritage value’ and authenticity. This article traces the opinions, actions, and effects of the temple’s heritage assemblage and reveals the causal powers contributing to the emergence and transformation of associations within. It further questions the project team’s claims regarding the project’s effects on the historic setting’s authenticity and its long-term social impact on the relationship between the temple and its community. It reveals five controversies regarding the choice of its curation theme, architectural language, decision-making, and management models. The complexities manifested in the actors’ actions and effects demonstrate the ambiguous boundaries between the tangible and the intangible, and the perceived ‘Western’ and ‘Eastern’ approaches.

AbstractStudies of industrial path development, a literature strongly influenced by evolutionary economic geography and systems of innovation theorizing, have an analytical focus on how interplays between actors, networks, and institutions, what we term social contingencies, shape industrial development in geographic areas. Tying into earlier calls in the literature, we argue that the emphasis on social contingencies has led to limited analytical attention to how material contingencies are also influential in shaping how and where industries develop. Based on this, we develop an analytical framework for studying sociomaterial contingencies for industrial path development in geographic contexts. Consequently, and echoing early path development theory, we argue for considering the breadth of dimensions underpinning industrial path development and their interplay, considering both intangible and tangible explanators without reducing either of these categories on behalf of the other. We discuss our approach in an exemplifying discussion of potential industrialization of hydrogen production in Western Norway to illustrate how assessment of sociomaterial contingencies adds analytical utility to the industrial path development literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HOBIT, which stands for "Hybrid Optical Bench for Innovative Teaching and learning" is an educational platform that leverages the combination of numerical simulation and physical manipulation to facilitate learning of complex phenomena and motivate users about wave optics in practical work. HOBIT operates in real time and is self-adaptive, providing realistic displays of optical phenomena with virtual augmentations designed to facilitate their understanding. HOBIT makes it quick and easy to build any reconfigurable optical experiment. Students can manipulate optical components and observe the changes induced on detectors and displays. We detail the technology, the simulation model and the initial teaching aids. Current and future enhancements should meet the needs of students at different levels, from high school to higher education degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses issues related to sustainable heritage management in China and problematises two dichotomies in heritage practices and research: the 'Eastern/Western' approaches and the tangible–intangible divide. It addresses these issues by examining the dramatic 'make-over' project of Guangrenwang Temple in Shanxi Province, China. The 'make-over' project transformed a small rural temple with a ninth-century timber structure into an architectural history museum, with a combination of private, public, and crowd-sourced funding. A real-estate corporation played a significant role in the project's initiative and organised a large-scale national and international publicity campaign around the project. Previously unknown to most laypeople in China, the temple attracted much debate since the project's completion, revolving around its 'cultural legitimacy', the design's appropriateness, the sustainability of the revitalisation, and the implications of the project to its 'heritage value' and authenticity. This article traces the opinions, actions, and effects of the temple's heritage assemblage and reveals the causal powers contributing to the emergence and transformation of associations within. It further questions the project team's claims regarding the project's effects on the historic setting's authenticity and its long-term social impact on the relationship between the temple and its community. It reveals five controversies regarding the choice of its curation theme, architectural language, decision-making, and management models. The complexities manifested in the actors' actions and effects demonstrate the ambiguous boundaries between the tangible and the intangible, and the perceived 'Western' and 'Eastern' approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As oxygen is essential for the survival of the human being likewise good governance is absolute reality for the survival of any state. Inspite of having tangible and intangible resources, Pakistan is under stress. One of the important reasons, is its' governing pattern which is not only corrupt but also has become malaise. It all weakened Pakistan. In Pakistan, the institutions have institutional gaps which not only restricted the capacity and capability of the institutions but also raised the questions over the credibility of the state. This paper will examine the issue of governance in Pakistan in the context of institutional governance. The research recommends that by keeping in mind the severity of current socio-economic and political challenges, Pakistan needs institutional governance in order to execute quality decisions. This paper is structured on qualitative methodology, based on secondary source data and used exploratory research technique to frame a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the use of video tutorial media in improving students' tangible skills in grade II SDN 25 Air Tawar Selatan. Wudu is one of the legal requirements for prayer, if the student is not able to form properly, it will have an impact on the poor quality of the student's worship until he grows up. For this reason, it is necessary to know how teachers improve students' tangible skills in wudu practice materials by using video tutorial media. This research method is descriptive qualitative, while the data collection method used is observation, interview, and documentation. The result of this study is the process of using video tutorial media in grade II SDN 25 Air Tawar Selatan consisting of 3 stages, namely preparation, implementation, and final / evaluation stages. The supporting and inhibiting factors come from students, teachers, schools and the community environment. While the improvement of students' tangible skills is very good, the mistakes made by students in tangible are much reduced after using video tutorial media.

This study has provided an application of the Situated Learning Model (SLM), which has proved to be an agent for change toward Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), a strategy used in a university course, i.e., General Science. Correctly speaking, it has described the development and evaluation of a Situated Learning Model (SLM) implementation in the subject of General Science during the Fall semester, B.Ed. (Elementary Education), session 2022-2026, taught at a renowned Public Sector University, Lahore (Pakistan). Fifty-seven students have participated in the present research study voluntarily. Pretest and posttest experimental research methodologies were employed to assess the appropriateness of the SLM as an ESD technique, which resulted appreciating proportion of knowledge about SDGs among students. Furthermore, the participation of students in SLM has made them aware of community benefits that how to maintain enviro-commune friendliness. This research has shown that SLM teaching methodology is becoming a more important tool for tangible and non-tangible competencies and awareness of the environment. Since conceptual knowledge is non-tangible and later becomes tangible in the form of disposal/solution of an emergent, unseen need to be worked out in real life and the EDS regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The degree of quality health is greatly influenced by existing health services. Thus, assessing the service quality during the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary. Objective: This study aimed to describe the quality of services in health service facilities in North Buton District during the pandemic. Method: A descriptive survey research was conducted in 2021. A total of 400 respondents were selected using accidental sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and narratives. Results: The quality of service (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) was sufficient. Changes in the quality of health services were more likely related to changes in service flow and operating hours. However, although the service quality was adequate, some respondents (8% to 12%) complained about unavailability of hand sanitizer in the waiting room, inadequate detailed information related to COVID-19, slow registration process, lack of medical personnel, and less friendly healthcare workers. Conclusion: This study may serve as input for health policymakers and hospital and public health center managers to improve health service quality.

The Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) is part of the local government in a decentralized system. The responsibilities of the DPRD include three main things: development supervision, budgeting, and legislation. All three functions are carried out within the framework of community representation. The implementation of these three functions is supported by the DPRD secretariat device, whose duties/functions and authorities have been regulated in Government Regulation Number 18/2016 concerning Regional Devices. The duties and responsibility of the DPRD secretariat are to provide services to members of the DPRD. This study aims to analyze the quality of services from a new public service (NPS) perspective. For this reason, the study develops ten new public service indicators. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive/judgment sampling. Purposive/judgment sampling is a technique based on the researcher's consideration of several suitable characteristics relating to the sample members needed to answer the research objectives. All indicators are tested using Importance Performance Analysis, one of the statistical techniques to test the degree of importance of an aspect. To answer the formulation of the problem, this study provided a questionnaire (Likert scale) to fifty DPRD members. As a result, out of the ten NPS indicators, the courtesy indicator is included as the top priority that the DPRD secretariat of the Tangerang Selatan Municipality must complete. In addition, tangible indicators, competence, communication, and customer understanding are included in the low priority. Further elaboration of these results is presented in this paper

The study investigates the effect of hybrid technology (HT), which combine physical objects and virtual effects, on learning receptive-vocabulary in English as a foreign-language (EFL) among students with dyslexia. Participants included 106 students aged 9–12. The students with dyslexia were randomly divided into intervention groups that used either HT (the Osmo™ app) or traditional technology (TT; a PowerPoint presentation). The typically developing (TD) students served as a control group. Pre-intervention scores on an English vocabulary test were significantly higher among TD students, nevertheless did not differ between HT and TT groups. Post-intervention scores were significantly higher among students with dyslexia in the HT group compared to the TT group. Test scores decreased significantly 2 weeks post-intervention in both intervention groups, yet were significantly higher in the HT group. Moreover, no significant differences were found post-intervention and 2 weeks post-intervention between the HT and TD groups. The explained variance of the test showed that the score and the English achievements at school contributed to explaining the differences in test scores, consistent at the three assessments points. Results illustrate the positive effect of HT on achievements of students with dyslexia, thus exposing EFL and special needs teachers to an advantageous tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The general purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the branding of sports goods and its relationship with the purchase of sports goods in schools. Practical elements in product branding effectively create a competitive and sustainable position in the market.Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-survey study and, in terms of the purpose of applied research and time, is performed cross-sectionally. The statistical population of this research is all consumers of school sports products (students) in Tabriz. According to the mentioned population, the statistical sample size is selected using the Morgan table equal to 384. Also, the sampling method based on a simple random process is. Data collection in this study was done using a questionnaire of factors affecting the branding method with a questionnaire of the brand's dimensions (tangible and intangible) by Dehdashti (2012) and the purchase amount questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient (0.84). In this research, the method of structural equations and preferably Amos software has been used to investigate the relationships between research variables.Findings: The research findings indicate that the brand's intangible and tangible dimensions have a significant relationship with the number of sports goods purchased in schools.Originality: So far, two tangible and intangible dimensions of the brand have not been addressed explicitly in school sports goods.

En tiempos de virtualidad desenfrenada que amenazan con debilitar la realidad táctil de la Arquitectura es importante establecer lo que es unívoco en ella: su capacidad de definir lugares usando elementos tangibles. Arquitectura es un hecho objetual, y aunque responde a un proceso intelectual, el producto es un objeto modelado o construido que históricamente ha tenido la capacidad de sobrepasar teorías establecidas. La profesión necesita continuar aumentando el valor de la obra exponencialmente debido a su potencial tangible. El objetivo del presente artículo es establecer lo unívoco en Arquitectura como visión significativa para su conceptualización y práctica. La metodología de análisis está basada en cómo los nuevos conceptos ideospacio, objetospacio, dataspacio y luminospacio convergen en el campo de lo tangible. Como resultado, se encontró lo unívoco como la línea fundamental para fomentar corrientes de pensamiento arquitectónico para el siglo XXI.

We investigate a speculative future in which we celebrate happiness by capturing laughter and representing it in tangible forms. We explored technologies for capturing naturally occurring laughter as well as various physical representations of it. For several weeks, our participants collected audio samples of everyday conversations with their loved ones. We processed those samples through a machine learning algorithm and shared the resulting tangible representations (e.g., physical containers and edible displays) with our participants. In collecting, listening to, interacting with, and sharing their laughter with loved ones, participants described both joy in preserving and interacting with laughter and tension in collecting it. This study revealed that the tangibility of laughter representations matters, especially its symbolism and material quality. We discuss design implications of giving permanent forms to laughter and consider the sound of laughter as a part of our personal past that we might seek to preserve and reflect upon.

Abstract Recently, many cultural aspects of some African countries have been in danger of being lost due to cultural disruptions, nonadaptive construction techniques and a lack of adequate conservation systems and strategies. These include the well-known manuscripts of Timbuktu (Tombouctou) as well as architecture, languages, beads, textiles, costumes and other cultural objects. Immaterial heritage, such as oral history, traditional music, instruments and dance, is also affected. In the northwestern part of Africa, the so-called Sahel-Sahara region, earthen architecture has played an important role in cultural identity and has been a key means of community establishment. This architectural heritage includes a wide variety of creations ranging from simple houses, granaries, and palaces to religious buildings, urban centres, cultural landscapes and archaeological sites. By studying northwestern African cultural heritage and cultural exchanges during trans-Saharan trade, we can benefit from traditional knowledge and use these teachings to build a sustainable knowledge system for earthen architecture conservation. This work is urgent since these structures are in danger of being lost, destroyed, badly conserved, or not documented. The aim of this research is to point out, through an anthropological approach, the importance of local community involvement in the conservation process. This research is based on a comparative study of different earthen architecture conservation spaces within the abovementioned region that have been important and were influenced by cultural exchanges during trans-Saharan trade. In these historical towns, some architectural heritage sites have been abandoned and are in ruins, while others have been preserved solely as tourist attractions. In this paper, I introduce the case of Djenné to share our research approach. This paper provides insight into earthen architecture conservation issues and how local communities have used tangible and intangible methods to preserve cultural heritage.

In a world where development and technology has took over the entire human life, the preservation of cultural heritage elements has become an important subject of interest and major actions has been taken in this direction. An example is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, which selects an item based on its uniqueness in some respect as a geographically and historically identifiable place having special cultural or physical significance (such as an ancient ruin or historical structure, building, city, complex, desert, forest, island, lake, monument, mountain, or wilderness area). So, the management of the most important cultural heritage aspects in which concerns the preservation, the maintenance and the selection of the patrimony goods, represents an aspect of the cultural heritage. The most important axes refer to tangible heritage such as build patrimony and intangible heritage such as traditions, customs and all that embodies the ethnicity of a certain area. The global wealth of traditions is one of the principal motivations for travel, with tourists seeking to engage with new cultures and to experience the global variety of performing arts, handicrafts, rituals and cuisines. Managing heritage sites (in which concerns the tangible assets) acts as a link between the national heritage institutions, cultural heritage consumers (tourists) and local community. The last item is a factor, without which it would be impossible properly interpret the heritage and create an authentic experience for tourists. Management in which concerns the cultural heritage implies some characteristics triggered, also, by the peculiarities of the tourism market that is, overall, a service market. So, this paper will describe some peculiarities and will outline the specific models of management in which concerns the tourism market and cultural heritage.

Disasters do and have happened throughout human existence. Their traces are found in the environmental record, archaeological evidence, and historical chronicles. Societal responses to these events vary and depend on ecological and cultural constraints and opportunities. These elements are being discovered more and more on a global scale. When looking at disasters in antiquity, restoring the environmental and geographical context on both the macro- and microscale is necessary. The relationships between global climatic processes and microgeographical approaches ought to be understood by examining detailed societal strategies conceived in response to threatening natural phenomena. Architectural designs, human geography, political geography, technological artefacts, and textual testimony are linked to a society's inherited and real sense of natural threats, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, diseases, etc. The Shang and Mycenaean cultures are prime examples, among others, of Bronze Age societies with distinctive geographical, environmental, and cultural features and structures that defined their attitudes and responses to dangerous natural phenomena, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and drought. By leaning on two well-documented societies with little to no apparent similarities in environmental and cultural aspects and no credible evidence of contact, diffusion, or exchange, we can examine them free of the onus of diffused intangible and tangible cultural features. Even though some evidence of long-distance networks in the Bronze Age exists, they presumable had no impact on local adaptive strategies. The Aegean Sea and Yellow River cultural landscapes share many similarities and dissimilarities and vast territorial and cultural expansions. They have an apparent contemporaneity, and both recede and collapse at about the same time. Thus, through the microgeography of a few select Shang and Mycenaean sites and their relevant environmental, archaeological, and historical contexts, and through environmental effects on a global scale, we may understand chain events of scattered human societal changes, collapses, and revolutions on a structural level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sound zone technology has been actively developed for more than two decades with a promise to provide users with personal sound without wearing headphones. In this paper, we build on this development from the perspective of interaction design in two ways. First, we explore the relation between sound zones and the acoustic environment, referred to as a soundscape, through a theoretical exploration of related research in both areas. Second, we present eight interaction design challenges resulting from this. Four different interaction approaches to potentially take on the challenges are sketched and discussed in a workshop and collecting qualitative data from the process. These approaches include tangible representation, light projections, familiar objects, and handheld devices. We group the approaches as visual displays, and user-centred and sound zone-centred interfaces. Overall, our research provides a new perspective on interaction with sound zone technology with specific outlines for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Products have tangible and intangible attributes that influence consumption decisions. In a consumer survey they chose the 13 most important human values and the 13 least important, from a list of 40; they rated the importance of six tangible attributes of the calla lily and expressed the frequency of consumption of the flower. Multidimensional scaling analysis was used to identify structure of human values in consumers. Tangible values and attributes were reduced by factor analysis. Three correlation coefficients were obtained: a) tangible attributes and consumption; b) human and residual values of tangible attributes, and consumption, and c) human values and consumption. Consumers were shown an image of a calla lily and asked to mention three words that came to mind. Proportions k test and Marascuilo procedure were applied to related word categories. Influence of human values occurred mainly via the direct route, evidencing the existence of intangible attributes, in addition to the tangible ones, that influence consumption decisions. The calla lily has a greater number of symbolic psychological meanings (81.3 %), than utilitarian (18.7 %). The symbolic psychological function includes sensory, emotional, and affective aspects. Results may vary within other cultural/regional contexts and with other research tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]