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HfO2 coatings with a thickness of approximately 8 μm were prepared on the refractory metals Mo surface by using chemical vapor deposition(CVD), and the reaction process of CVD HfO2 was thermodynamically analyzed by HSC Chemistry.The microscopic morphology, self-oriented growth and nanomechanical properties of HfO2 coatings were analyzed, and the bonding force of the coatings with the substrate and thermal shock resistance were tested. The results show that the HfO2 coating is well bonded to the substrate, and no macroscopic flaking occurs on the surface of the coating after 100 cycles of thermal shock from 25 ℃ to 2000 ℃; the adhesion of the coating is about 23 N as determined by the scratch test; the average emissivity of the surface of the coating is 0.48 in the band of 2.5-5 μm, which improves the average emissivity of Mo in the band by nearly 5 times.

Raman scattering is sensitive to local temperature and thus offers a convenient tool for non-contact and non-destructive optical thermometry at the nanoscale. In turn, all-dielectric nanostructures, such as silicon particles, exhibit strongly enhanced photothermal heating due to Mie resonances, which leads to the strong modulation of elastic Rayleigh scattering intensity through subsequent thermo-optical effects. However, the influence of the complex photo-thermo-optical effect on inelastic Raman scattering has yet to be explored for resonant dielectric nanostructures. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that the strong photo-thermo-optical interaction results in the nonlinear dependence of the Raman scattering signal intensity from a crystalline silicon nanoparticle via the thermal reconfiguration of the resonant response. Our results reveal a crucial role of the Mie resonance spectral sensitivity to temperature, which modifies not only the conversion of the incident light into heat but also Raman scattering efficiency. The developed comprehensive model provides the mechanism for thermal modulation of Raman scattering, shedding light on the photon–phonon interaction physics of resonant material, which is essential for the validation of Raman nanothermometry in resonant silicon structures under a strong laser field.

The dynamic compaction method has been widely adopted in foundation treatment to densify the soil fillers. However, for the complexity of the impact behavior and soil mechanical properties, the theoretical research of dynamic compaction lags behind its practice for complex soil properties and stress paths. This paper presents a theoretical model applied to describe soil column plastic deformation under impact load. The relationship among stress increment, strain increment, and plastic wave velocity was derived from the aspect of propagation characteristics of stress waves in soil first. Combined with the Duncan-Chang Model, a one-dimensional theoretical model was established then. A numerical model was developed further to check the performance of the model. It showed that the deformation at the end of the soil column was mushroom-shaped. Both the axial and lateral deformation increased with the impact velocity. While some particles located at the side of the soil column end may splash under repeated impact. The theoretical deformations of the soil column were consistent with the experimental results both in the direction of axial and lateral.

Machine learning(ML) assisted high-entropy alloys(HEA) design is dedicated to solving the problem of long period and high cost of designing by traditional trial and error experimental methods. The classic AlCoCrCuFeNi HEA was taken as the research object. The phase structure prediction model and hardness prediction model were established respectively. The support vector machine(SVM) models have the best training performance in both tasks. The best phase classification accuracy is 0.944, and the root mean square error(RMSE) of the hardness regression model is 56.065HV. The two ML models are further connected in series. Based on the upper and lower limits of the data set, the high-throughput prediction and selection of phases and hardness of AlCoCrCuFeNi HEA are carried out simultaneously, thus realizing the efficient composition design of the new alloy. The experimental results show that the five new alloys are in accord with the predicted results, and the RMSE is 12.58HV. It shows that the ML models can predict the phase and hardness of HEA efficiently and accurately.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the heavy metal and pesticide pollution status of nine medicinal and edible substances， including Eucommia ulmoides leaves， Codonopsis pilosula， Cistanche deserticola， Dendrobium candidum， Astragalus membranaceus， Panax quinquefolium， Gastrodia elata， Ganoderma lucidum， and Corni Fructus.MethodsPubMed， China National Knowledge Network （CNKI）， VIP， and Wanfang databases were searched to obtain research literature published from 2000 to 2022 on heavy metals， pesticides， and environmental pollutants in nine medicinal and edible substances. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， and the included studies were analyzed and pooled into estimates using meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 106 studies encompassing seven heavy metals， including lead （Pb）， cadmium （Cd）， mercury （Hg）， arsenic （As）， chromium （Cr）， copper （Cu）， and nickel （Ni）， and 42 pesticides， including organochlorine， pyrethroid， and organophosphorus， of nine types of medicinal and edible substances used as food collected from 23 provinces （municipalities） were comprehensively analyzed. The average heavy metal content in the medicinal and edible substances used as food was 0.22 mg/kg （95%CI： 0.13~0.39）， and the average heavy metal content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves was the highest （2.80 mg/kg， 95%CI： 0.75~10.37）， followed by Dendrobium candidum with an average value of 0.30 mg/kg （95%CI： 0.18~0.49）. The average value of heavy metals in the other medicinal and edible substances was lower than 0.30 mg/kg. Among the seven heavy metals analyzed， the Cu exhibited the highest content， followed by Cd and Pb. Subgroup analysis showed that the contents of the seven heavy metals in medicinal and edible substances collected from different locations had high heterogeneity （P

[Abstract]: Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, ZR) and Jiangtan (Carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma, CZR) have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a rich history in the treatment of various ailments. While ZR and CZR obviously stem from the same botanical source, their attributes, chemical compositions, pharmacological behaviors, and clinical applications are different owing to variations in the extent of drying and processing they undergo. In this paper, data pertaining to ZR and CZR were retrieved from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These sources were scrutinized to elucidate the distinctions between ZR and CZR arising from carbonization processing in terms of their ethnopharmacology, quality control, chemical compositions, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical uses. In this study, a total of 56 chemical constituents were identified and isolated from ZR and CZR, which primarily encompassed volatile oils, gingerols, and diphenylheptane compounds. CZR's pharmacological effects include hemostatic, anti-oxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and other biological activities. ZR has pungent and warm properties. It is a Yang-supplementing herbal medicine for ailments exacerbated by cold or damp climatic influences. CZR is a product of ZR after undergoing high temperature, with diminished intensity of its pungent and warm attributes. This change leads to a more gradual treatment efficacy, renowned hemostatic effects and its ability to gently invigorate the spleen and effectively alleviate diarrhea. Currently, research on the pharmacological mechanism of CZR is mainly focused on the effects of CZR on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Although the healing effect of CZR has long been known, and some correlation has been found between the changing composition and the changing color of the decoctions, people still lack relatively clear processing mechanisms to reflect the characteristics and specific quality standards of the ingredients of CZR's hemostatic effect. This review provides a systematic summary on quality control, chemical composition, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of CZR, offering novel perspectives for advancing the exploration of additional carbonized herbal medicine and fostering their application in clinical settings.

One of the key problems restricting the commercial application of controllable nuclear fusion reactors is plasma facing materials (PFMs). As the most promising PFMs, there are still many problems in the applications of tungsten and tungsten alloys. Due to their high strength at elevated temperatures, high melting point and good irradiation resistance, refractory multi-principal-element alloys are expected to meet the needs of PFMs. In the present study, (TiVTa)95X5(X=Cr, Zr, W) was designed and manufactured by using arc-melting. The effects of the addition of Cr, Zr and W on the microstructure and phase stability at 900 ℃ of TiVTa-based alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results show that as-cast TiVTa-based alloys are simple solid solutions with BCC structure. After homogenization treatment at 1200 ℃, phase decomposition occurs in the (TiVTa)95Cr5 alloy, and a small amount of second phase C15_Laves appears in the matrix. At 900 ℃, TiVTa-based alloys are all decomposed into a BCC main phase and a C15_Laves second phase which mainly distributed along the grain boundaries, and the volume fraction of the second phase in TiVTa and (TiVTa)95W5 alloys is small whereas the addition of Cr and Zr intensifies the phase decomposition. After phase structure and elemental analysis, the lattice constant and elemental composition of the precipitated C15_Laves phases in (TiVTa)95X5(X=Cr, Zr, W) alloys are inconsistent with the possible Laves phase in the binary alloy system, and the difference is mainly attributed to the elemental composition of the Laves phase.

Ti-Zr-Ta refractory alloy has excellent mechanical properties and impact-initiated energy release characteristics, and shows good application prospects in the field of energetic structural materials. At present, Ti-Zr-Ta alloy is mainly prepared by melting process. However, its components are all refractory metals, so it is difficult to fabricate large parts with uniform structure by melting and casting. Based on this, the Ti-Zr-Ta refractory alloy powder was prepared by hydrogenation-dehydrogenation, and then sintered by vacuum hot-pressing process. On this basis, the microstructure, mechanical properties and shock-induced energy release characteristics of the sintered Ti-Zr-Ta alloy were studied. The results show that the average particle size of Ti-Zr-Ta alloy powder prepared by hydrogenation-dehydrogenation is 9.4 μm, and it is composed of three phases of BCC1, BCC2 and HCP. The density of Ti-Zr-Ta alloy sintered at 1300 ℃ is 7.34 g/cm3, which roughly achieves full densification, and the alloy is mainly composed of two phases of BCC1 and BCC2. The quasi-static compressive strength and fracture deformation are 1637 MPa and 6.4%, respectively, showing brittle fracture characteristics. In the ballistic gun experiment, the peak overpressure generated by 5.6 g of as-sintered Ti-Zr-Ta alloy breaking through the target plate at a speed of 1493 m/s in the 27 L closed target box reaches 0.195 MPa, showing excellent impact energy release characteristics, and the energy release is mainly derived from the oxidation reaction of small fragments generated by high-speed impact of alloy projectiles.

W-Zr alloy has the advantages of high density, high strength and high reaction potential, which can not only exert the excellent penetration ability of tungsten-based alloy, but also provide additional damage by using the oxidation reaction of zirconium. W-Zr alloys have shown great application potential in reactive fragment, armor-piercing projectiles, and small caliber projectiles, and have attracted attention both domestically and internationally. The preparation methods, mechanical properties, and reaction characteristics of W-Zr alloy reactive structural materials were summarized in this paper, especially focusing on the penetration ability and energy release characteristics. On the basis, it was proposed that the future development of W-Zr alloys should focus on the regulation of combustion characteristics of W and the improvement of plasticity. Additionally, there is still a lack of systematic research on the synergistic mechanism between the microstructure, mechanical properties, dynamic fracture, and reaction energy release of W-Zr alloys, which requires further improvement through a combination of experimental research and simulation calculations.

The increasingly competitive market situation in the construction industry requires that construction enterprises strengthen the cost control of construction projects in order to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises. This paper is based on the improved genetic algorithm to realize the optimization of the cost control strategy of the construction project and effectively overcome the problems of weak cost control consciousness and high material procurement cost in the previous cost control. A construction company is selected as the object for the case study, and the genetic algorithm is used to calculate and analyze the cost control of the construction company. The return on investment, net present value, and internal rate of return are used as indicators to measure the economic benefits before and after optimizing cost control strategies. The improved genetic algorithm calculates that among the cost control factors of the construction company, procurement management, and field operation have a high probability of being selected in the genetic calculation, and the final project cost is 36.7849 million yuan through the genetic algorithm, which achieves the goal of project cost control. At the same time, this paper finds that cost control has a significant positive effect on the improvement of economic efficiency, and the economic efficiency of this construction company before and after the optimization of the cost control strategy is significantly improved.

C18H17N3O9, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.3768(3) Å, b = 7.4510(2) Å, c = 15.6673(5) Å, β = 102.700(3)∘, V = 1751.13(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0405, wRref(F2) = 0.1157, T = 100 K.

In order to meet the demand of three-way vibration reduction of metal rubber, a pot-shaped metal rubber was designed and prepared via introducing spatial configuration. The method of controlling variables to study the effect of preparation process parameters such as relative density, forming angle, wire diameter and compression on the static mechanics of pot-shaped metal rubber was investigated, and the influence of three preparation process parameters on the pot-shaped metal rubber axial and radial static mechanics was revealed by orthogonal test method. The results show that the sequence that affects the axial static mechanical properties of the test piece is forming angle, relative density, and wire diameter; the sequence that affects the radial static mechanical properties of the test piece is relative density, wire diameter, and the forming angle.

In the rapid development of Internet technology, online social network has gradually become the main channel of people access to and dissemination of information, the large quantities of users of the system on the basis of mutual concerns the way to build social relationships, and information will be used to recommend, forwarding, distribution in various media platforms fission is spread, the network structure not only provides a new platform for information transmission, It also has a brand new impact on the dissemination of new media information. Therefore, based on the solving process of nonlinear differential equation and the information transmission form of Sina Weibo, this paper systematically discusses the trend and influence of media information transmission in the new era, so as to provide effective basis for media information transmission and platform construction in the future.

Taking point-line meshing gears and involute gears as the research object, a simulation model of two kinds of meshing gears is established, the meshing characteristics of point-line meshing gears and involute gears in transmission error, tooth surface load distribution, tooth surface sliding speed distribution, tooth surface contact stress distribution, tooth root bending stress distribution, meshing contact trace analysis are comprehensively compared and analyzed. It is obtained that the point-line meshing gear is obviously better than the involute gear in the above meshing characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for a more comprehensive understanding of point-line meshing gear transmission and has a certain theoretical value for its popularization and application.

Cushing's disease, the most common cause of endogenous Cushing's syndrome, is hypercortisolemia caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Patients may present clinical symptoms such as moon face, buffalo back, central obesity and metabolic disorders due to the persistence of hypercortisolemia. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment and follow-up of Cushing's disease are vitally important. Based on recent evidence, the Pituitary Society published the Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Cushing's Disease: a Guideline Update in December 2021, with updates in screening and diagnosis procedures, postoperative monitoring, medical therapies and radiotherapy, and complication management. This article interprets the medical therapies recommended in the consensus, which will be helpful for general practitioners and specialists to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's disease.

In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrated photothermal nonlinearities of both forward and backward scattering intensities from quasi-perfect absorbing silicon-based metasurface with only λ/7 thickness. The metasurface is efficiently heated up by photothermal effect under laser irradiation, which in turn modulates the scattering spectra via thermo-optical effect. Under a few milliwatt continuous-wave excitation at the resonance wavelength of the metasurface, backward scattering cross-section doubles, and forward scattering cross-section reduces to half. Our study opens up the all-optical dynamical control of the scattering directionality, which would be applicable to silicon photonic devices.

At present, the study of accretionary orogenic belts and collisional orogenic belts has achieved numerous insights and improvements. However, continental subduction, which often occurs during the oceanic and continental transition, has not received enough attention for a long time, such as what kind of structural deformation characteristics it has and how it affects the evolution of the orogenic belt. This paper studied two Cenozoic orogenic belts (the Taiwan orogenic belt and the Yarlung Zangbo River orogenic belt) and one Mesozoic orogenic belt (the Qiangtang orogenic belt) in order to clarify the unique structural deformation characteristics of continental subduction and its interaction with orogenic processes. It is found that the subduction of continental crust often forms a double-layer structure in the orogenic belt. The upper part is a set of thrust imbricate composed of Smith strata, and the lower part is a set of subduction complexes with a “blocks in the matrix” structure. The upper and lower parts of the double-layer structure are similar, mainly slope facies–submarine fan facies rocks and little shelf facies rocks. Due to the similar deformation time, the double-layer structure should be a structural system formed in different depths by the subduction of the same passive continental margin. We suppose that the subduction of the slope–submarine fan is the main factor for the formation of the double-layer structure. The subsequent continental shelf subduction could induce the collision and thus lead to strain’s gradual propagation to the craton’s interior, resulting in the foreland fold-thrust. Also, the double-layer structure is often destroyed during the collision, so the deeply underplated continental subduction complex can be exhumed to the shallow level. Therefore, this study also emphasizes the importance of continental subduction and the exhumation of subducted crustal rocks in the evolution of orogenic belts.

In this article, we further study the filter theory of semihoops. Moreover, we use the prime (maximal) filters to construct the prime (maximal) spectrum on semihoops, and prove that the prime spectrum is a compact T0{T}_{0} topological space and that the maximal spectrum is a compact T2{T}_{2} topological space. As an application, in order to study the relationship between the spectrum of semihoops and the spectrum of lattices, we introduce the reticulations of semihoops and obtain some related results.

ObjectiveTo calculate the lower limit of 95% confidence interval of benchmark dose （BMDL） of 3-monochloro-1，2-propanediol （3-MCPD） and its esters for renal tubular hyperplasia effect based on benchmark dose （BMD） method.MethodsThe data of the most sensitive endpoint of renal tubular hyperplasia in the 2-year chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study of 3-MCPD were analyzed. BMD model and analysis were used by methods of frequentist， frequentist model averaging and Bayesian model averaging， respectively. Smooth dose response curve was obtained by fitting the nine conventional models， and then the optimal fitting model and BMDL10 estimation value were obtained.ResultsThe best data set was selected by comparing the conservative degree of results across different data sets. Under the same data set， the selection of restricted or non-restricted model parameters， and the selection of single model or model averaging， were key factors to affect the BMDL results of 3-MCPD and its esters. According to model fitting degree and conservative degree， BMDL10 of the most sensitive endpoint of renal tubular hyperplasia of 3-MCPD and its esters was 0.87 mg/kg·BW. The health based guidance value （HBGV） needs to be further determined by the BMDL10 with uncertainty factor.ConclusionThe results of this research could be applied for the risk assessment of 3-MCPD and its esters in key foods of China， and further provide scientific advice on the supervision and control of key foods based on the assessment results.

It is a key avenue of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals to reduce energy consumption of buildings， and distribution system planning of buildings plays an essential role in it. According to the characteristic of each part of source-network-load-storage， a total cost model of energy consumption and distribution for buildings is established. An energy-limited “photovoltaics plus storage” planning problem with optimum cost is proposed and solved by Benders decomposition. Given alternatives of design parameters， the optimum selection of parameters is realized by the sensitivity model of the initial planning. Besides， two iterative procedures of planning and parameter adjustment are formulated. Finally， a case study of a single-story exhibition hall reveals that the planning method is practicable and effective； it can curtail energy consumption of operation and costs and help promote buildings with low energy consumption.

The service life of KR impeller for one steel plant in Southern China is investigated in this paper. It is shown by site investigation and comparison analysis that there is still improving potential for the service life of KR impeller, whose influencing factor includes hot water temperature, rotating speed, stirring duration, refractory of working lining, internal metal core structure, fabricating process, blade structure, hot repairing process and material, desulfurizer composition, interval time between stirrings. If technical optimization is conducted based on the influencing factor, it is predicted that the service life of KR impeller in this plant can be enhanced from 230 heats to 300 or 400 heats, saving 0.4~0.6 RMB/t hot metal.

Objective: This study aimed to exploit the functional bread of finger millet. Methods: Based on the physical and chemical properties, antioxidant capacity, special digestion characteristics and sensory evaluation of bread, the effects of different particle sizes of finger millet flour on the characteristics of wheat bread were investigated. Results: Compared with the bread without finger millet powder, the bread with 200 mesh finger millet powder increased the total phenol content by 225.78%, the DPPH radical scavenging rate by 42.96% and the iron ion reduction ability by 22.97%. The finger millet powder with smaller particle size showed stronger anti-oxidation ability. Moreover, the addition of finger millet powder could change the digestion characteristics of bread, reduce the content of fast-digested-and slow-digested starch and significantly increased the content of resistant starch. However, the specific volume of bread decreased significantly and the hardness increased. Conclusion: The nutritional quality and functionality of bread with 200 mesh finger millet powder were significantly improved, especially the content of crude fiber and calcium.

Face editing is widely used in public security pursuits,face beautification and other fields.Traditional statistical me-thods and prototype-based methods are the main means to solve face editing.However,these traditional technologies face pro-blems such as difficult operation and high computational cost.In recent years,with the development of deep learning,especially the emergence of generative networks,a brand new idea has been provided for face editing.Face editing technology using deep generative models has the advantages of fast speed and strong model generalization ability.In order to summarize and review the related theories and research on the use of deep generative models to solve the problem of face editing in recent years,firstly,we introduce the network framework and principles adopted by the face editing technology based on deep generative models.Then,the methods used in this technology are described in detail,and we summarize it into three aspects:image translation,introduction of conditional information within the network,and manipulation of potential space.Finally,we summarize the challenges faced by this technology,which consists of identity consistency,attribute decoupling,and attribute editing accuracy,and point out the issues of the technology that need to be resolved urgently in future.

In the process of production, automobile steel forgings are prone to various cracks, which affect the product quality. At present, forgings defects are mainly detected by fluorescent magnetic particle inspection and manual inspection. Aiming at the problems of low detection accuracy and efficiency in this method, an improved convolutional neural network model is proposed. The fluorescent magnetic particle inspection images of two typical forgings were intelligently inspected. Firstly, a deep learning model with EfficientNet as the backbone and Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) as the fusion layer is constructed. Secondly, in order to improve the convergence speed and detection accuracy, the calculation method of intersection over union is improved, and the network is improved by using the Attention Mechanism. Finally, Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) with adaptive parameters is introduced to optimize the hyperparameters of neural network, and a fluorescent magnetic particle inspection image acquisition platform is built for verification. The mean Average Precision (mAP) of the best model of EfficientNet-PSO on the validation set is 95.69%. F1 score is 0.94 and FLOPs is 1.86B. Compared with other five deep learning neural network models, this method effectively improves the defect detection efficiency and accuracy of flange plate and cylinder head, which can meet the defect detection requirements.

Unblinding at disease progression in double-blinded randomized controlled cancer drug clinical trials is ethical to the patient by ensuring optimal subsequent treatment, but the effect of study treatment on overall survival may be confounded. The views of science and ethics in this issue are controversial and the unblinding procedures should be well-designed. In real world settings, a lack of use of this unblinding process in protocol was observed in the analysis of 134 double-blind randomized controlled anticancer drug clinical trials conducted in China from 2018 to 2021. Unblinding at disease progression was allowed in only 26 (18.2%) trials. Among them, Only 9 (34.6%) trials involved patient-level unblinding. None of the 134 included trials accounted for the risk of blind-maintenance after disease progression. Based on the analysis and case studies, we believe that unblinding at disease progression should be stated in the protocol when the treatment assignment directly affected the choice of subsequent regimen, in which the drug category, control group design, standard of care of further-line therapy and primary endpoint together play a role. When unblinding at disease progression is adopted, the sensitivity analytics are recommended to understand the true effect of study drug on overall survival. The notification of treatment allocation after unblinding and the informed consent also require attention. A decision-making framework is established to help understand this controversy, which should be carefully discussed by the investigator and the sponsor.

Background: Regeneration of injuries occurring in the central nervous system is extremely difficult. Studies have shown that the developing cerebellum can be repopulated by a group of Nestin-expressing progenitors (NEPs) after irradiation injury, suggesting that modulating the mobilization of NEPs is beneficial to promoting nerve regeneration. To date, however, effect of exogenous pharmaceutical agonist on NEPs mobilization remains unknown. Parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from shoots of feverfew. Although it has been shown to possess several pharmacological activities and is considered to have potential therapeutic effects on the regeneration of peripheral nerve injury, its efficacy in promoting central nervous system (CNS) regeneration is unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and possible mechanism of PTL on regeneration in injured CNS after irradiation using a developing cerebellum model.Methods: We investigated the radioprotective effects of PTL on the developing cerebellum by immunoblotting as well as immunofluorescence staining and ROS detection in vivo and in vitro experiments, and then determined the effects of PTL on NEPs in Nestin CFP and Nestin GFP fluorescent mice. Inducible lineage tracing analysis was used in Nestin-CreERT2×ROSA26-LSL YFP mice to label and track the fate of NEPs in the cerebellum after irradiation. Combined with cell biology and molecular biology techniques to determine changes in various cellular components in the cerebellum and possible mechanisms of PTL on NEPs mobilization in the injured developing cerebellum.Results: We found that PTL could attenuate radiation-induced acute injury of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) in irradiated cerebellar external granule layer (EGL) by alleviating apoptosis through regulation of the cells’ redox state. Moreover, PTL increased cerebellar Shh production and secretion by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting expansion of NEPs, which is the compensatory replenishment of granule neurons after radiation damage.Conclusion: Collectively, our results indicate that activation and expansion of NEPs are critical for regeneration of the injured cerebellum, and that PTL is a promising drug candidate to influence this process.

Owing to the excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of titanium and its alloys in the biological environments, they are one of the best materials in the medical implant applications. Moreover, it has a lower elastic modulus (comparable to bone) than traditional metal implant materials which is an influential property due to the stress-shielding effect. There are some requirements for implant materials according to their clinical use and the periphery tissues. Hence, some factors should be considered, such as metal degradation, toxicity issues, surface characteristics, biocompatibility, and fusion with bone. Considering the above-mentioned information, titanium material design with superior performance to meet the essential clinical needs is an important challenge and attracts much attention from the academicians in the biomaterial field. This paper discusses the structural and performance characteristics of medical titanium alloys and the current research status in the direction of orthopedic applications. Furthermore, in future research, through changing the elemental composition, increasing the surface modification, and optimizing the production process, titanium alloy materials could have the excellent comprehensive performance to serve human beings better.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of bio-targeted drug loaded nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer based on tumor hypoxia microenvironment. Methods Lipid nanoparticles loaded with perfluorohexane (PFH) and tirazamine (TPZ) were prepared by film hydration. Bifidobacteria were cultured and detected for basic characterizations. Then, the bacteria and nanoparticles were connected by electrostatic adsorption to prepare bio-targeted drug-loaded nanoparticles, and laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the binding between them. Ultrasonic diagnostic imaging, MTT assay and flow cytometry were adopted to observe the in vitro imaging performance and killing effect on breast cancer cells after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) irradiation. Tissue homogenate was used to observe the targeting ability of bifidobacteria. In vivo fluorescence imaging was performed to monitor the targeting of nanoparticles. The 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice were established and randomly divided into targeted group (n=3) and non-targeted group (n=3) to observe the ultrasound imaging performance of nanoparticles. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into blank control group, PBS+HIFU group, nonoparticles+HIFU group, and nonoparticles+ bifidobacterium+HIFU group (n=3 for each group). The body weight and tumor volume were recorded during treatment process, HE staining was performed 14 d later to observe the morphological changes of the tumor mass. Results Bio-targeted drug loaded nanoparticles were successfully prepared. The nanoparticles had an average size of 218.93±6.56 nm and a zeta potential of 55.00±4.97 mV, and the bifidobacterium had a potential of -28.10±7.52 mV. The connection rate of the nanoparticles and bacterium was (99.04±0.40)%. The nanoparticles showed better ultrasound imaging after HIFU irradiation. The results of MTT assay and flow cytometry showed that the nanoparticles exerted better killing effect on breast cancer cells under hypoxic condition than under normoxia condition (P < 0.05). The results of tissue homogenate demonstrated that bifidobacteria showed good target ability. In vivo fluorescence imaging displayed that the nanoparticles were enriched around the tumor. In vivo ultrasound imaging was achieved in the targeted group after HIFU irradiation. Both the records of tumor volume and results of HE staining indicated that the nonoparticles+bifidobacterium+HIFU group got the best tumor inhibitory effect (P < 0.05). Conclusion The bio-targeted drug loaded nanoparticles can effectively diagnose and treat breast cancer based on hypoxia microenvironment. Our study provides a new thought for the integration of tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To observe the effects of total flavonoids of chrysanthemum and medicated serum on the expression of related proteins in the lacrimal tissue and dry-eye cell models of male rabbits with dry eye caused by castration. Methods: (1) 150 male Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, with 30 rabbits in each group: normal control group (group A), sham group (group B), model group (group C), androgen control group (group D) and total flavonoids of chrysanthemum treatment group (group E). The androgen deficiency dry-eye model was established by bilateral castration in groups C, D and E. Normal saline was administered to groups A, B and C by gavage; androgen (testosterone propionate) was injected into muscle in group D; and group E was given total flavonoids of chrysanthemum by gavage. All white rabbits were tested the Schirmer I test (SIT) and tear break-up time (BUT). After euthanasia, tear gland tissue was harvested so that we could observe pathological changes in the expression of related inflammatory factors in the lacrimal gland tissue. The expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was detected in the lacrimal gland tissue by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription PCR was used to quantitatively detect expression of TGF-β1 mRNA. (2) Male Wistar rat lacrimal epithelial cells were used to establish a model of eye stem cell apoptosis caused by androgen levels. The blank control group was set up without androgen culture, the control group with androgen culture, and the total flavonoids of chrysanthemum group without androgen. The MTT method was used to determine the optimal intervention dosage of drug-containing plasma. Western blot and QPCR were used to detect the expression of AR mRNA, NF-κB phosphorylated protein and TGF-β1 in lacrimal epithelial cells, and the androgen-like effect of total flavonoids of chrysanthemum was observed. Results: (1) Immunohistochemistry showed that groups A, B, D and E had significantly lower expression of IL-1β and TNF-α than group C (P < 0.05); among these, group E had slightly higher expression than group D (P > 0.05). RT-PCR results showed that the relative expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in groups A, B, D and E was significantly higher than in group C (P < 0.05), and the relative expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in groups D and E was higher than that in groups A and B (P < 0.05). (2) Using the MTT method, the final concentration of interfering cells was calculated to be 13.2%. The expression of AR protein, NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the chrysanthemum flavonoid plasma intervention and testosterone propionate intervention groups was enhanced, and there were significant differences relative to the blank group (P < 0.01). The expression level of NF-κB in the total flavonoid containing plasma intervention group was lower than that in the testosterone propionate intervention group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The total flavonoids of chrysanthemum can inhibit IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the lacrimal gland tissue of castrated male rabbits with dry eye to increase synthesis of TGF-β1 mRNA and TGF-β1, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. The medicated plasma with total flavonoids of chrysanthemum promotes expression of AR mRNA, upregulating expression of NF-κB, further promoting upregulation of TGF-β1 protein expression in lacrimal epithelial cells, inhibiting inflammation by regulating related proteins, and ultimately alleviating the symptoms of dry eye.

In this paper, the effects of tea polyphenols and matcha on the aging behavior and digestibility of extruded fresh wet rice noodles during 180 days of storage were explored. The results showed that adding of tea polyphenols and matcha can significantly reduce the hardness of fresh wet rice noodles and inhibit the aging degree. At room temperature, tea polyphenols had a significant effect on inhibiting the aging of fresh wet rice noodles in the early storage period (0~60 d), while matcha had a relatively better effect in the middle and late storage period (90~180 d). The aging-inhibiting effects of tea polyphenols and matcha at 4 ℃ were limited, and the aging degree of different types of fresh wet rice noodles was close at the end. In addition, compared with the raw fresh wet rice noodles, adding tea polyphenols and matcha could increase the slowly digestible components (SDC) and resistant components (RC) of fresh wet rice noodles. The effect of tea polyphenols was more significant. During storage at room temperature and 4 ℃, tea polyphenols and matcha played a significant role in the RC increasing in fresh wet rice noodles. The results provided basic data for the development of nutritious and healthy fresh wet rice noodles.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal process using anhydrous CaCl2 and (NH4)2HPO4 as raw materials, urea was used as a homogeneous precipitation agent; hexadecyltrimethy ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a template agent. Phase composition and microstructure of the products were characterized via X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the morphologies of HA nanorods can be controllably fine-tuning by changing the reaction temperature and time. Hexagonal single crystal HA nanorods single structure can be obtained at 120℃ for hydrothermal 12 h, its length is about 0.5-1.0 μm, diameter is about 15-30 nm. Finally, the role of CTAB was studied by the formation process of nanorods crystalline structure in details, and verified by experiment.

Hexa (imidazolyl) cyclotriphosphazene (HImCP) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with imidazole. The chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR. Then the as-prepared HImCP was utilized as curing catalyst for curing of diglycidylether of bisphenol A(E51)with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride(MHHPA). Its influence on the storage stability at room temperature and curing activity at high temperature of E51/MHHPA system was studied by gelatum time and non-isothermal DSC analysis. The mechanical performance,glass-transition temperature(Tg),and thermostability of the obtained epoxy thermosets were also investigated. The results show that HImCP is a good latent curing catalyst contrast with unmodified imidazole. When the epoxy resin curing system contains 1% (mass fraction) of HImCP,it exhibits improved storage stability at room temperature as compared to that containing imidazole,as well as satisfied curing activity at high temperature. In addition,the obtained thermoset has higher tensile strength,Tg and thermostability than that resulted from imidazole.