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Fifteen parasitoids of Massicus raddei (Blessig & Solsky) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) are revised. The host is a serious pest of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz. and Q. mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. in NE China. All the parasitoids were reared from larvae of M. raddei. Pseudocyanopterus gen. nov. raddeivorus sp. nov., a new braconid wasp is described, and Cyanopterus tricolor (Ivanov) and Eubazus (E.) pallipes are new records for the Chinese fauna. An identification key to the parasitoids of M. raddei in China is provided. Detailed photographs of the parasitoids are provided.

CoχNi(1 − χ)(OH)2 nanocomposites have been deposited onto the carbon nanotube (CNT) films via a facile chemical deposition method. The introduction of Co element can effectively boost the property of the composite electrodes by changing the morphology of oxides and the combination mode between oxides and CNT bundles. The specific capacitance of composite electrode doped with 5% Co is 1231 F g− 1 at 1 A g− 1, which is almost twice than that without Co (725 F g− 1). Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the oxides in the electrode is significantly enhanced from 1823 to 3436 F g− 1 with the introduction of 5% Co. In addition, the ultrahigh cycling stability of the composite electrode is fully proved by the remarkable drop of the capacitance loss from 15% to 2.3% with the addition of Co under 1500 times cycling at 10 A g− 1. All indicating such composite is a highly promising candidate as electrode material.

Anastatus orientalis Yang et Gibson(Hymenoptera : Eupelmidae) is the egg parasitoid of lantern-fly Lycorma delicatula. The natural parasitism showed that: (1)the highest parasitism rate of egg masses was 68.96% in Yantai Shandong; (2)the highest parasitism rate of eggs was 32.98% in Haidian Beijing; (3)the eggs of parasitoids hatched and emerged earliest in Yangling Shaanxi; emergence time of different populations in Yantai, Guangang Tianjin, Qinhuangdao Hebei and Haidian was similar; (4) the sex ratios were various among the populations ranging from 1.92 to 1.94; (5) parasitism rates of egg masses on Populus sp., Salix sp. and Toona sinensis were not significantly different, the highest parasitism rate of egg masses was 64.3% on T. sinensis, and the lowest rate was 27.4% on Ailanthus altissima; (6)parasitism rates of eggs on Populus sp., Salix sp., T. sinensis and A. altissima were not significantly different, about 30% averagely.

In order to optimize carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion state in fiber/epoxy composite, a novel kind of CNT organization form of continuous networks was designed. The present work mainly discussed the feasibility of preparing continuous CNT networks in composite: Fiber fabric was immersed into CNT aqueous solution (containing dispersant) followed by freeze drying and pyrolysis process, prior to epoxy infusion. The morphologies of fabric with CNTs were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. The relationship between CNT networks and flowing epoxy resin was studied. Properties of composite, including out-of-plane electrical conductivity and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), were measured. The results demonstrated that continuous and porous CNT networks formed by entangled CNTs could be assembled in fiber fabric. Most part of them were preserved in composite due to the robustness of network structures. The preserved CNT networks significantly improved out-of-plane electrical conductivity, and also have an effect on ILSS value.

Parasitoids can encounter patches of hosts of varying sizes. Trade-offs may result in different developmental strategies and fitness characteristics in parasitoids. To explore developmental strategies and host suitability of a bethylid parasitoid, Sclerodermus pupariae, in relation to the size of oak long-horned beetle larvae, Massicus raddei, effects of host size on parasitoid fitness parameters were tested under laboratory conditions. Maternal parasitoids obtained lower rates of parasitism when inoculating small or large hosts due to early host death and parasitoid injury, respectively, indicating significant fitness costs associated with paralysing those host sizes. Host size was shown to have highly variable effects on selected fitness parameters. For maternal females, increasing initial host size led to increasing host handling time, and fertility exhibited a parabolic relationship with host size. The highest fertility was exhibited when parasitoids oviposited on medium-sized hosts. Host size effects were very apparent for parasitoid offspring, with the largest hosts producing later-emerging but larger females. Parasitoid offspring sex ratios in all host size classes were significantly female-biased, and exhibited a quadratic function with increasing host size. Assessment of host profitability revealed that medium-sized hosts presented the best fitness return for the parasitoids. The findings suggest that this bethylid parasitoid can achieve a compromise in optimisation of the two most important fitness functions when encountering an abundance of different-sized hosts.

Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) have recently attracted extensive attention for applications in high power energy storage devices. Various materials have been investigated as candidates for electrodes in supercapacitors, including carboneous materials, conducting polymers, and transition metal oxides. 1‐3 Nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 ,i s one of the active transition metal hydroxide from the series of different pseudocapacitive materials used for supercapacitor due to their low cost, large theoretical specific capacitance and well defined redox behavior. 4‐6 However, poor electrical conductivity and low cycle life restrict pseudocapacitive Ni(OH)2 from practical applications. Thus, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was introduced to increase the conductivity of Ni(OH)2 and to achieve a higher utilization of the Ni(OH)2 nanostructures. 7‐10 However, these composite materials were mostly powder-based or non-flexible 7,8 and the addition of polymer binder used in conventional ink-spread processing of electrodes inhibits the iontransportintheelectrolyteanddegradestheelectricalconductivity, leading to an obvious capacity loss and low fabrication-efficiency. 11 CNT films can be a promising type of current collector for lightweight and flexible electrodes due to their good electrical conductivity, chemical stability and mechanical durability. 12‐15 Here, we report a facile synthesis of Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes which anchor on the flexible CNT films substrate to fabricate freestanding electrodes for supercapacitors. The as-prepared hybrid electrode displays ultrahigh specific capacitance, superior cycling performance and excellent rate capability.

In general, it is difficult to evaluate host resource utilization of parasitoids by examining the biomass of concealed wood borers at parasitism, because the larval tissues of parasitized hosts observed in field surveys are often almost completely consumed. This work explored a precise and convenient method for evaluating the biomass of concealed wood-boring insect pests after they are parasitized. Allometric scaling laws were used to determine mathematical relationships between larval weight and other size variables in two host insects: the emerald ash borer [EAB], Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, and the oak long-horned beetle [OLB], Massicus raddei (Blessig). These insects are hosts of the parasitoid Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae). Our results showed that body weight among different instars was significantly different for both host species, with greater overlap between neighboring instars. Mean larval weight had a highly significant exponential relationship with instar number. EAB larval weight showed a highly significant power relationship to body length and width, width of the prothoracic plate, peristoma width, urogomphus length, and anteriormost width of the urogomphus. Significant power relationships were also observed between OLB larval weight and body size parameters (including body length, length of the mesothoracic spiracle, width of the prothoracic plate, distance between the main ocelli, and mandible length). These findings indicated that host biomass could be easily calculated if any one size variable could be measured at the time of parasitism. Allometric methods provide a precise means of evaluating time-specific biomass of concealed wood borers.

Cerchysiella mesosae Yang sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), is described from China. It is a gregarious koinobiont endoparasitoid in mature larvae of Mesosa myops (Dalman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a wood boring pest of many broad-leaved tree species in China, particularly Quercus mongolica and Q. liaotungensis (Fagaceae) in forest areas of northeasternChina. The new species is one of the principal natural enemies of the wood borer and it may have potential as a biological control agent for suppression of the pest.

The relationship between body size and fitness in parasitoid wasps has several effects on parasitic ability, reproductive behavior in female wasps, and progeny fitness. Female wasps with various body sizes were obtained by mass–rearing a gregarious ectoparasitoid, Sclerodermus pupariae, which is one of the excellent parasites to control the larvae and pupae of Buprestidae and Cerambycidae. We investigated the effects of body size of adult females introduced on Thyestilla gebleri (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae on their paralysis time, pre–oviposition period, oviposition period and fecundity, and the related fitness of their offspring. Results showed that small female wasps needed more time to paralyze a host and had a higher mortality rate than large female wasps. More offspring were produced by large female wasps than by small female wasps, and the percentage and body size of female offspring was not affected by maternal body size. The duration of the egg stage was not affected by foundress size, nor was that of the pupal stage, but the duration of the larval stage and generation time of small female wasps was longer than that of large females. Our findings suggest that the parasitic fitness and offspring performance are affected by maternal size, and there is need to choose reasonable body size of female wasps, to optimally utilize mass rearing and to control target pests with the lowest mortality cost.

Dastarcus helophoroides(Fairmaire)(Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an important parasitoid of the oak longhorn beetle Massicus raddei(Blessig)(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China.It had a long developmental period needing three years to finish a generation and its generation showed uniformity.The biological character generally was unfavored for its insect natural enemies to maintain relative stable high populations.In order to understand whether the population of the parasitoid D.helophoroides could keep its high level in forests of oak trees(Quercus liaotungenesis Koidz and Q.mongolica Fischer) or not after its releasing in forests,we investigated its potential alternative hosts in northeastern China oak forests.It was found that there were eight species of longhorn beetle species living in the east-Liaoning oak forests besides M.raddei attacking the oak trees.The numbers of four species of the longhorn beetles were predominant in oak forests,i.e.M.raddei,Moechotypa diphysis(Pascoe),Masosa myops Dalman,Stenygrinum quadrinotatum Bates.However,the vertical distributions of M.raddei,M.diphysis and M.myops on the oak trunk appeared as overlapping with the parasitoid D.helophoroides.The inoculating tests indoor indicated that the relative high parasitism rates occured in both hosts of M.myops and M.diphysis,in the former with parasitism rate 26.67% on the last instar larval stage and 43.33% on the pupal stage,and in the latter with 20.00% on last instar larval stage and 6.67% on the pupal stage.The biological observations of M.myops and M.diphysis in forests indicated that the mature larvae of the two cerambycid species existed always in a year during the unfavorable parasitism periods of D.helophoroides on M.raddei,i.e.egg and young larval stages of M.raddei(prior 3rd instar),for the parasitoid to parasitize and to maintain its high population,as well as that the two cerambycid species were the principal alternative hosts of D.helophoroides in north eastern China oak forests.The results of the present study showed evidence of that the biological control program to apply the parasitoid D.helophoroides could reach effective and sustainable control efficiency for the severe damaged wood borer M.raddei after the parasitoid was released.By parasitizing mature larvae of M.diphysis,M.myops and other six species of cerembycids attacking oaks as alternative hosts D.helophoroides could keep its relative high population,and when the proper larval stage of M.raddei(i.e.over third instar larval stage and pupal stage) for its parasitizing occurred,it then could move to the main host,M.raddei,for parasitizing.Thus,the parasitoid has a high potential as an excellent natural enemy to be used in biocontrol program to make the cerambycid under control.

Cao, Liangming, Yang, Zhongqi, Tang, Yanlong, Wang, Xiaoyi (2015): Notes on three braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) parasitizing oak long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a severe pest of Quercus spp. in China, together with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 4021 (3): 467-474, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.6

Doryctes petiolatus Shestakov 1940 (Figs. 7, 9��� 14) Doryctes petiolatus Shestakov, 1940: 5; Telenga, 1941: 99, 285; Belokobylskij, 1998: 60; Belokobylskij et al., 2012: 56. Material examined. 1 ♂, China, Liaoning Province, Kuandian, County, Daxicha Forest, 9.VII. 2009, N 40 �� 44 ��� 58 ���, E 125 �� 11 ��� 35 ���, 446 m altitude, Yang Zhongqi leg.; 1 ♀, China, Liaoning Province, Kuandian County, Daxicha Forest, 10.VII. 2009, N 40 �� 44 ��� 58 ���, E 125 �� 11 ��� 35 ���, 446 m altitude, Yang Zhongqi leg.; 6 ♀♀ 4 ♂♂, China, Liaoning Province, Kuandian County, Daxicha Forest, 25.VI. 2009, N 40 �� 44 ��� 58 ���, E 125 �� 11 ��� 35 ���, 446 m altitude, Yang Zhongqi collected cocoons, 28-30.VI. 2009 emerged. Host. Young larva of M. raddei (new record). Remarks. Doryctes petiolatus Shestakov belongs to genus Doryctes Haliday, which is a widely distributed genus, comprising 83 known species until now (Yu et al. 2012). Thirteen species are distributed in China (Belokobylskij et al. 2012). Doryctes (Doryctes) petiolatus Shestakov is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Henan and Zhejiang, but its host is previously unknown. Here we first discovered that D. petiolatus is a solitary or gregarious ectoparasitoid of M. raddei. Its cocoons (Fig. 10) are oblong with exochite white and opaque. In Liaoning Province, Northeast China, adult emerging is from end of June to early July. Distribution. China; Kazakhstan; Korea; Russia., Published as part of Cao, Liangming, Yang, Zhongqi, Tang, Yanlong & Wang, Xiaoyi, 2015, Notes on three braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) parasitizing oak long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a severe pest of Quercus spp. in China, together with the description of a new species, pp. 467-474 in Zootaxa 4021 (3) on pages 469-470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/244781, {"references":["Shestakov, A. (1940) Zur Kenntnis der Braconiden Ostsibiriens. Arkiv for Zoology, 32, 1 - 21.","Telenga, N. A. (1941) Family Braconidae, subfamily Braconinae (continuation) and Sigalphinae, Fauna USSR, Hymenoptera 5. AS USSR Publishing House, Moscow, 466 pp.","Belokobylskij, S. A. (1998) Subfamily Doryctinae. In: Lehr, P. A. (Ed.), Key to Insects of the Russian Far East. Neuropteroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera. Part 4. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 50 - 109.","Belokobylskij, S. A., Tang, P., He, J. H. & Chen, X. X. (2012) The genus Doryctes Haliday, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) in China. Zootaxa, 3226, 46 - 60."]}

Zombrus bicolor (Enderlein 1912) (Figs 27���37) Zombrus bicolor Shenefelt et Marsh, 1976: 1367; He et al., 2004: 558; Belokobylskij & Maeto 2009: 775. Neotrimorus bicolor Enderlein, 1912: 29. Zombrus sjostedti Shenefelt et Marsh, 1976: 1371. Material examined. 1 ♀ 5 ♂♂, China, Liaoning Province, Kuandian County, Daxicha Forest, 14.VI. 2009, N 40 �� 44 ��� 58 ���, E 125 �� 11 ��� 35 ���, 446 m altitude, Yang Zhongqi leg., reared from young larvae of M. raddei; 32 ♀♀ 25 ♂♂, China, Liaoning Province, Kuandian County, Daxicha Forest, 14.VI. 2009, N 40 �� 44 ��� 58 ���, E 125 �� 11 ��� 35 ���, 446 m altitude, Yang Zhongqi leg. Hosts. The hosts known till now are as follows: Allotraeus sphaerioninus (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Anoplophora chinensis (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Batocera horsfieldi (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Bostrychopsis parallela (Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae), Calophagus pekinensis (Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae), Ceresium sinicum (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Chlorophorus annularis (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Chlorophorus diadema (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Chlorophorus japonicus (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Dere thoracica (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Desisa subfasciata (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Olenecamptus octopusitulatus (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Saperda populnea (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Semanotus sinoauster (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Trichoferus campestris (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus (Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae). Herein M. raddei is a new record host of Z. bicolor. Remarks. Zombrus bicolor is a solitary ectoparasitoid of M. raddei. The cocoon is elongate oblong, its front is wider than tail; the exochite of cocoon is translucent brownish yellow, and pupa is yellow. Based on the collected specimens, the female to male ratio is 1.1. The period of adult emergence is from middle June to early July. Based on its parasitism on many kinds of wood borers and its quite large populations in the field, Z. bicolor may be a potential biological control agent to be domesticated and utilized. Distribution. China; Japan; Kazakhstan; Korea; Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Russia., Published as part of Cao, Liangming, Yang, Zhongqi, Tang, Yanlong & Wang, Xiaoyi, 2015, Notes on three braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) parasitizing oak long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a severe pest of Quercus spp. in China, together with the description of a new species, pp. 467-474 in Zootaxa 4021 (3) on page 472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/244781, {"references":["Enderlein, G. (1912) Zur Kenntnis der Spathiinen und Einiger Verwandter Gruppen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 78, 1 - 37.","Shenefelt, R. D. & Marsh, P. M. (1976) Braconidae 9, Doryctinae. Hymenopterorum Catalogus, Nova Editio, Pars 13, 1263 - 1424.","He, J. - H. & Fan, J. - J. (Eds.) (2004) Hymenopteran Insect Fauna of Zhejiang. Science Press, Beijing, 558 pp.","Belokobylskij, S. A. & Maeto, K. (2009) Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan, Fauna Mundi. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 806 pp., 197 figs., 16 photos."]}

Rhoptrocentrus quercusi Yan g et Cao sp. nov. (Figs 8, 15��� 26) Type material. Holotype, ♀, China, Liaoning Province, Kuandian County, Daxicha Forest, 1.VI. 2009, N 40 �� 44 ��� 58 ���, E 125 �� 11 ��� 35 ���, 446 m altitude, Yang Zhongqi and Tang Yanlong collected cocoons, 8.VI. 2009 emerged. Paratypes, 1 ♀ 2 ♂♂, same data as holotype. Description. Body length. ♀/♂ = 3.29���3.31 / 2.34���2.37 mm. Color. Body black; eyes silvery white; scape and pedicel, flagellum 1���3 joints, maxillary palp, labial palp, legs, ridged portion of median metasomal sternum yellow to brownish yellow; apical 1 / 3 of each femur with dark irregular spot; female ovipositor brown (Figs 15, 16). Head. Median length as long as its width in dorsal view; vertex with sparse and shallow wrinkles, each wrinkle centrally with concave dot; eyes big, transverse diameter 1.02 �� length of temple, temple slightly swollen behind eyes (Fig. 19); face with wide transverse wrinkles; basal clypeus slightly concave, clypeus triangular; width of hypoclypeal depression 0.65 �� width of face, malar space 0.83 �� height of eye and 0.59 �� basal width of maxillary palp (Fig. 18); antenna 24 segments, scape 2.25 �� length pedicel, first segment of flagellum slightly longer than the second segment (Fig. 17); antenna about 0.77 �� body length, about as long as fore wing; maxillary palp same length as head length, six-segmented (Fig. 22). Mesosoma. In lateral view, length twice of maximum height (Fig. 23). Depressed sulcus on pronotum wide and shallow, lateral pronotum with irregular sculptures; anterior mesoscutum steep, with dense disordered small sculptures, notauli and their meeting portion depressed, lateral mesonotal lobe snakeskin-sculptured; scutellar sulcus broad and shallow, median with 1 longitudinal ridge; lateral margin of scutellum ridged basally, 2 / 3 apically of scutellum smooth, slightly swollen; posterior margin of metanotum ridged, with median and bilateral portion sculptured; propodeum half length of mesosoma, with an inversed ���Y���-shaped ridge (Fig. 20). Legs. Fore coxa with a big odontoid process medially, its length about 2 / 3 width of coxa; trochantellus as long as coxa; fore femur 0.94 �� length fore tibia, and twice of its maximum width; basal 1 / 3 to sub-apex with 10���12 spines; ratio of fore tarsi I���V = 4: 2: 1.4: 0.8: 1.7 (Fig. 24); mid tibia with 11���12 spines medially, apex with two tibial spurs, mid femur 0.83 �� length of mid tibia, length ratio of mid tarsi I���V = 3: 1.7: 1.3: 0.7: 1.8 (Fig. 25); length of hind femur 0.63 �� hind tibia (Fig. 26). Wings. Fore wing 3.86 �� as long as its maximum width; pterostigma 5.5 �� as long as its width; 1 -R 1 about 1.59 �� length of pterostigma; radial vein arising from basal 1 / 3 of pterostigma; SR 1 about 1.55 �� length of 3 -SR; radial vein about 0.6 �� length of 2 -SR, and 0.27 �� length of 3 -SR; cu-a vein postfurcal and oblique, m-cu vein enters into second submarginal cell; 1 -SR+M vein straight; 1 -SR vein about 1 / 2 length of 1 -M vein; r-m vein weakly sclerotized; 3 -M and CU 1 a vein not reaching apex of fore wing (Fig. 15). Metasoma. Elongate-oblong, first tergite and basal 1 / 3 - 1 / 2 second tergite with irregular striations, other tergites smooth; first tergite length as long as its apical width, first spiracle located at 1 / 4 sub-basally. Length ratio of tergite I���VII as 4: 3.5: 4: 1.7: 1.8: 2.1: 1.7; Ovipositor 1.35 �� body length (Fig. 21). Male. Antenna 16 segments, other characters are similar to female. Distribution. China (Liaoning). Etymology. The new species name derived from the generic name of the tree Q. liaotungensis, the host plant of the longhorned beetle. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to R. piceus Marshall, and it can be distinguished from the latter as follows: 1. Length of ovipositor 2.6 �� length of metasoma (Figs. 15, 16) (ovipositor of R. piceus is 2.0 �� length of metasoma); 2. Fore wing CU 1 a arising from middle of 3 -CU 1 and CU 1 b combined (Fig. 15) (fore wing of R. piceus withCU 1 a arising from upper 1 / 3 of 3 -CU 1 and CU 1 b combined); 3. Sulcus present between second and third metasomal tergites (Fig. 21) (R. piceus without such sulcus, second and third metasomal tergites fused); 4. Basal 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of second metasomal tergite with distinct striations (Fig. 21) (R. piceus with basal 1 / 4 having such striations); 5. Propodeum with an inversed ���Y���-shaped ridge (Fig. 20) (R. piceus without such ridge); 6. Coxae yellow, femora yellowish brown, apical 2 / 3 of hind tibiae and basitarsi slightly dark brown, other segments of tarsi yellowish brown (Figs. 15, 16) (R. piceus femora dark brown, hind tarsi yellowish brown); 7. Face with distinct transverse striations (Fig. 18) (face of R. piceus with sculptures and tiny depressions); 8. Posterior 1 / 3 of mesonotum with a longitudinal ridge (Fig. 20) (R. piceus without such ridge). Host. This species parasitizes the second instar larva of M. raddei. Seven cocoons which connected each other and beside a host mummy were collected from the longhorned beetle gallery, and then reared in the laboratory. Only four adult wasps (2 ♀ 2 ♂, see types) were successfully emerged. Remarks. Rhoptrocentrus Marshall comprises three known species (Yu et al. 2012), i.e. South Palaearctic R. claeopatrae, Holarctic R. piceus, and Australasian R. yarramanensis (Belokobylskij & Maeto 2009). Here R. quercusi sp.n. is the fourth described species of this small genus., Published as part of Cao, Liangming, Yang, Zhongqi, Tang, Yanlong & Wang, Xiaoyi, 2015, Notes on three braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) parasitizing oak long-horned beetle, Massicus raddei (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a severe pest of Quercus spp. in China, together with the description of a new species, pp. 467-474 in Zootaxa 4021 (3) on pages 470-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/244781, {"references":["Belokobylskij, S. A. & Maeto, K. (2009) Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan, Fauna Mundi. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 806 pp., 197 figs., 16 photos."]}

Three species of Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitize larvae of oak longhorn beetle Massicus raddei Blessig (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a serious wood borer pest in North China. Rhoptrocentrus quercusi sp. nov., is described as a new species and Doryctes petiolatus Shestakov, as well as Zombrus bicolor (Enderlein). The three species are idiobiont ectoparasitoids, and may have potential for biological control of oak longhorn beetle.

Background We sought to determine the comparative diagnostic performance of standard b-value (800–1000 s/mm2) versus low b-value (400–500 s/mm2) diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Method After a systematic review of the available literature, studies were included that reported b-values, used a histopathological reference standard, and allowed construction of 2 × 2 contingency tables for detection of RCC lesions using DW-MRI. In addition, a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analysis was performed. Results Four articles that complied with all inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis (n = 248 lesions in 266 patients). All four studies were high quality. Standard b-value DW-MRI displayed a pooled sensitivity of 0.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.67) and a pooled specificity of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.30-0.70), while low b-value DW-MRI displayed a pooled sensitivity of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.48-0.63) and a pooled specificity of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.09-0.44). The SROC curve of standard b-value DW-MRI displayed an AUC of 0.61 and a Q*index of 0.59, while the SROC curve of low b-value DW-MRI displayed an AUC of 0.68 and a Q*index of 0.64. Conclusion Standard b-value DW-MRI showed a superior specificity but an approximately equivalent sensitivity to low b-value DW-MRI in detecting RCC lesions in the kidney. However, low b-value DW-MRI displayed an overall superior diagnostic accuracy over standard b-value DW-MRI.