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Polyurethane (PU)-based electrolyte has become one of the most important research directions because of its unique repeating soft-hard segment co-polymer structure. Its soft segment composition includes polyethylene oxide, polysiloxane, polycarbonate, cellulose and polyether. Among them, polyether-based polyurethane electrolytes (PPES) have the advantages of simple synthesis, molecular structure optimization and functional group modification, which can greatly improve the ionic conductivity of the system and form a good ion transport interface. To date, a few separate and detailed reviews of advances in PPES have been reported. In this paper, the research progress of PPES is reviewed from the aspects of structural design strategy, molecular synthesis, conductivity modification methods, specific functions and interfacial ion transport behavior in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In addition, the synthetic route of PPES and the development prospect of PPES are discussed. We also provide guidance for developing high-performance PPES for next-generation LMBs.

Gallium phosphide (GaP) has been increasingly prioritized, fueled by the enormous demands in visible light applications such as biomedical and quantum technologies. GaP has garnered tremendous attention in nanophotonics thanks to its high refractive index, indirect bandgap width of 2.26 eV, lattice perfectly matched with silicon, and omnipotent and competitive nonlinear optical properties. Herein, we review the progress and application of GaP in nanoscale devices over the past two decades. The material properties of bulk GaP are first listed, followed by a summary of the methodologies for fabricating nanoscale devices and related integration techniques. Then, we digest the operational mechanisms across different GaP-based devices on their optical linear responses. Following this, we categorize the GaP nonlinear optical effects into multiple aspects including second-harmonic generation, four-wave mixing, Kerr optical frequency combs, etc. Ultimately, we present a perspective on GaP nanophotonics in the context of coexisting and competing modes of various nonlinear effects. We believe that a comprehensive overview of unique GaP will propel these nanophotonic devices toward a mature state, underpinning foundational understanding and leveraging practical innovations.

Sodium rhodizonate (Na2C6O6) has very high theoretical capacity as a positive electrode material of sodium-ion batteries, but it still has problems such as low actual capacity and poor electronic/ionic conductivity. In order to improve its conductivity, we investigated its structure and electrical properties under high pressure. By performing in situ X-ray diffraction, Raman, infrared absorption, and alternating current impedance spectroscopy in the range of 0-30 GPa at room temperature, we observed a phase transition at ∼11 GPa, with the conductivity increasing by an order of magnitude. Above ∼20 GPa, Na2C6O6 gradually amorphized. During the decompression process, the pressure regulation of the structure and properties of the material are reversible. Our study shows that applying external pressure is an effective tool to improve the conductivity of molecular battery materials. The investigation will help to obtain next-generation electrode materials.

To improve the centroid extraction accuracy and efficiency of high-dynamic star sensors, this paper proposes a multi-centroid localization method based on the prior distribution of star trail projections. First, the mapping relationship between attitude information and star trails is constructed based on a geometric imaging model, and an endpoint centroid group extraction strategy is designed from the perspectives of time synchronization and computational complexity. Then, the endpoint position parameters are determined by fitting the star trail grayscale projection using a line spread function, and accurate centroid localization is achieved through principal axis analysis and inter-frame correlation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method under different dynamic scenarios was tested using numerical simulations and semi-physical experiments. The experimental results show that when the three-axis angular velocity reaches 8°/s, the centroid extraction accuracy of the proposed method remains superior to 0.1 pixels, achieving an improvement of over 30% compared to existing methods and simultaneously doubling the attitude measurement frequency. This demonstrates the superiority of this method in high-dynamic attitude measurement tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure-induced polymerization (PIP) of aromatic molecules has emerged as an effective method for synthesizing various carbon-based materials. The selection of suitable functionalized molecular precursors is crucial for obtaining the desired structures and functions. In this work, 1,4-difluorobenzene (1,4-DFB) was selected as the building block for PIP. In situ high-pressure investigations of 1,4-DFB reveal a phase transition at approximately 12.0 GPa and an irreversible chemical reaction at 18.7 GPa. Structural analysis of the product and the kinetics of the reaction uncovered the formation of pseudo-hexagonal stacked fluoro-diamond nanothreads with linear growth. Compared to the crystal structure of benzene under high pressure, 1,4-DFB exhibits higher compression along the [001] axis. The anisotropic compression is attributed to the stronger H⋯π interactions along the [011¯] axis and the potential compression-inhibiting H⋯F interactions along the [100] and [010] axes, and it facilitates a possible reaction pathway along the [011¯] axis. This work emphasizes the crucial role of functionalization in modulating molecular stacking and influencing the reaction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference-based super-resolution (RefSR) has achieved remarkable progress and shows promising potential applications in the field of remote sensing. However, previous studies heavily rely on existing and high-resolution reference image (Ref), which is hard to obtain in remote sensing practice. To address this issue, a novel structure based on a zoom camera structure (ZCS) together with a novel RefSR network, namely AEFormer, is proposed. The proposed ZCS provides a more accessible way to obtain valid Ref than traditional fixed-length camera imaging or external datasets. The physics-enabled network, AEFormer, is proposed to super-resolve low-resolution images (LR). With reasonably aligned and enhanced attention, AEFormer alleviates the misalignment problem, which is challenging yet common in RefSR tasks. Herein, it contributes to maximizing the utilization of spatial information across the whole image and better fusion between Ref and LR. Extensive experimental results on benchmark dataset RRSSRD and real-world prototype data both verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Hopefully, ZCS and AEFormer can enlighten a new model for future remote sensing imagery super-resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]