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Despite the ongoing debate on the inconsistent and controversial effects of Tibetan diet on blood lipid levels at high altitude, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the relationship between dietary practices and blood lipid levels among Jiarong Tibetan population. A total of 476 Jiarong Tibetan residents were included, in which basic demographic data, physical activity records, simplified food frequency questionnaire, and biochemical data were collected. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the potential associations between the variables were examined, and it was found that fat energy supply ratio increased with the elevation of altitude, while the lipid level showed an inverted U-shaped variation. However, the findings suggested that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids might balance the effects of the Tibetan diet on the risk of lipid metabolism disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to concentrate on the fat composition rather than the amount of fat E% intake on the plateau. The results highlighted the importance of investigating the interaction between environment and genes in lipid levels among plateau Tibetan population. However, further large-scale prospective studies are required for better understanding of the complexities involved in dietary practices and their influences on blood lipid levels.

The clinical heterogeneity of early-stage endometrial cancer (EC) is worthy of further study to identify high-quality prognostic markers and their potential role in aggressive tumor behavior. Mutation of TP53 was considered as an important primary triage in modified molecular typing for EC, it still cannot precisely predict the prognosis of EC. After proteomic analysis of cancer and para-cancerous tissues from 24 early-stage endometrioid EC patients with different survival outcomes, 13 differentially expressed proteins were screen out while 2 proteins enriched in p53 signaling pathway were further identified by single-cell transcriptome (scRNA-seq). Interestingly, tumor necrosis factor type-1 receptor-associated protein (TRAP1) and calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein family member 3 (CAMSAP3) were found to be significantly downregulated in the specific cell cluster. Expectedly, the signature genes of TRAP1low/CAMSAP3low cluster included classical oncogenes. Moreover, close cellular interactions were observed between myeloid cells and the TRAP1low/CAMSAP3low cluster after systematically elucidating their relationship with tumor microenvironment (TME). The expression of TRAP1 and CAMSAP3 was verified by immunohistochemistry. Thus, a novel prediction model combining TRAP1, CAMSAP3 and TP53 was construct by multi-omics. Compared with the area under the curve, it demonstrated a significantly improvemrnt in the diagnostic efficacy in EC patients from TCGA bank. In conclusion, this work improved the current knowledge regarding the prognosis of early-stage EC through proteomics and scRNA-seq. These findings may lead to improvements in precise risk stratification of early-stage EC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes to the microbial community during pickled cucumber fermentation were studied using the 16S rDNA technique. The changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during pickled cucumber fermentation were studied by gas chromatograph–ion mobility spectrometry. At the phylum level, Cyanophyta and Proteobacteria were the dominant flora in the natural fermentation group, and Firmicutes were the dominant flora in the added-bacteria fermentation group. At the generic level, the addition of Lactobacillus led to changes in the community of the bacteria in the added-bacterial fermentation group and decreased the species abundance of other bacteria. In total, 75 volatile organic compounds were identified from naturally fermented pickled cucumber, and 60 volatile organic compounds were identified from fermented pickled cucumber with bacterial addition. The main metabolites were esters, aldehydes, acids, alcohols, ketones, alkanes, nitriles, and alkenes. These metabolites will bring their unique aroma components to the pickled cucumber. Metabolomic analysis of the O2PLS model showed that Weissella and Lactobacillus were closely and positively correlated with nine alcohols, six esters, five aldehydes, four acids, three ketones, and one pyrazine. Pseudomonas and norank_f_Mitochondria show a close positive correlation with four kinds of alcohols, two kinds of esters, one kind of aldehyde, and one kind of nitrile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diacylglycerol (DAG)‐enriched oil has been attracting attention because of its nutritional benefits and biological functions, although the composition of its various free fatty acids (FFAs) and an unclear relationship between substrate and yield make it difficult to be identified and qualified with respect to its production. In the present study, linoleic acid‐enriched diacylglycerol (LA‐DAG) was synthesized and enriched from Camellia oil by the esterification process using the combi‐lipase Lipozyme TL IM/RM IM system. Results: The relationship between FFA composition and DAG species productivity was revealed. The results showed that heterogeneous FFA with a major constituent (more than 50%) exhibited higher DAG productivity and inhibited triacylglycerol productivity compared to homogeneous constituents. Joint characterization by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detection, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐heated electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry identified that DAG components contained dilinoleic acid acyl glyceride, linoleyl‐oleyl glyceride and dioleic acid acyl glyceride in esterification products. Under the optimum conditions, 60.4% 1,3‐DAG and 61.3% LA‐DAG in the crude product at 1 h reaction were obtained, and further purified to 81.7% LA‐DAG and 94.7% DAG via silica column chromatography. Conclusion: The present study provides a guideline for the identification of DAG species, as well as a structure‐guided preparation method of DAG‐enriched oils via the cost‐effective combi‐lipase. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]