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Fat metabolism is an important modifier of aging and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Given the anatomy and hermaphroditic nature of C. elegans, a major challenge is to distinguish fats that serve the energetic needs of the parent from those that are allocated to the progeny. Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) microscopy has revealed that the composition and dynamics of lipid particles are heterogeneous both within and between different tissues of this organism. Using BCARS, we have previously succeeded in distinguishing lipid-rich particles that serve as energetic reservoirs of the parent from those that are destined for the progeny. While BCARS microscopy produces high-resolution images with very high information content, it is not yet a widely available platform. Here we report a new approach combining the lipophilic vital dye Nile Red and two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2p-FLIM) for the in vivo discrimination of lipid particle sub-types. While it is widely accepted that Nile Red staining yields unreliable results for detecting lipid structures in live C. elegans due to strong interference of autofluorescence and non-specific staining signals, our results show that simple FLIM phasor analysis can effectively separate those signals and is capable of differentiating the non-polar lipid-dominant (lipid-storage), polar lipid-dominant (yolk lipoprotein) particles, and the intermediates that have been observed using BCARS microscopy. An advantage of this approach is that images can be acquired using common, commercially available 2p-FLIM systems within about 10% of the time required to generate a BCARS image. Our work provides a novel, broadly accessible approach for analyzing lipid-containing structures in a complex, live whole organism context.

This paper presents an extensive laboratory investigation of layered salt rocks under triaxial loading and unloading cycles aiming to better understand their viscoelastic plasticity strain characteristics. Specifically, creep curves were obtained from the triaxial loading and unloading tests and analyzed using the Burgers model. The microstructure of the layered salt rocks before and after the creep test was comparatively analyzed using the dry grinding optical diagram. The results show that the creep deformation of layered salt rocks is mainly viscoelastic under a low deviatoric stress and contains both viscoelastic and viscoplastic deformations when the deviatoric stress is high. With the increase of deviatoric stress, both the instantaneous elastic and plastic strains increase, and the increasing rate becomes lower as the deviatoric stress increases. The creep curves of layered salt rocks can be well represented with the Burgers model. Since the creep leads to fracturing and interlayer rupturing and producing new fluid seepage channels in layered salt rocks, this study has great value for understanding the long-term performance of gas and hydrocarbon liquid storage caverns in layered salt rock formation.

Neurodynamic observations indicate that the cerebral cortex evolved by self-organizing into functional networks, These networks, or distributed clusters of regions, display various degrees of attention maps based on input. Traditionally, the study of network self-organization relies predominantly on static data, overlooking temporal information in dynamic neuromorphic data. This paper proposes Temporal Self-Organizing (TSO) method for neuromorphic data processing using a spiking neural network. The TSO method incorporates information from multiple time steps into the selection strategy of the Best Matching Unit (BMU) neurons. It enables the coupled BMUs to radiate the weight across the same layer of neurons, ultimately forming a hierarchical self-organizing topographic map of concern. Additionally, we simulate real neuronal dynamics, introduce a glial cell-mediated Glial-LIF (Leaky Integrate-and-fire) model, and adjust multiple levels of BMUs to optimize the attention topological map.Experiments demonstrate that the proposed Self-organizing Glial Spiking Neural Network (SG-SNN) can generate attention topographies for dynamic event data from coarse to fine. A heuristic method based on cognitive science effectively guides the network's distribution of excitatory regions. Furthermore, the SG-SNN shows improved accuracy on three standard neuromorphic datasets: DVS128-Gesture, CIFAR10-DVS, and N-Caltech 101, with accuracy improvements of 0.3%, 2.4%, and 0.54% respectively. Notably, the recognition accuracy on the DVS128-Gesture dataset reaches 99.3%, achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies on smoking among HIV-infected individuals in China, especially compared to uninfected individuals, are scarce. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate and compare the prevalence and factors associated with smoking between HIV-infected and uninfected men in Guilin, China. Methods: A survey was conducted among 1,395 HIV-infected men at Guilin Third People's Hospital from June to December 2022, with a 1:2 age (±1 year) and education-matched control group of 2,790 HIV-uninfected men, whose data were collected from March to August 2023. Both groups completed an online questionnaire on smoking behaviors and relevant characteristics, with a comparative analysis of associated factors conducted using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions. Results: The rates of former smokers were comparable between HIV-infected and uninfected men [12.3% (95% CI: 10.7–13.9%) vs. 12.0% (95% CI: 10.9–13.1%)], but the current smoking rate was significantly higher in the infected group than in the uninfected group [37.6% (95% CI: 35.2–40.0%) vs. 27.6% (95% CI: 25.9–29.3%), p < 0.05]. In both groups, the following factors were significantly associated with smoking: higher income, presence of chronic diseases, negative coping styles, lower social support, and having depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, in HIV-infected men, the following factors were exclusively associated with smoking: heterosexual HIV transmission route, lower CD4+ T cell count, longer duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and drug use. Conclusion: HIV-infected men had higher smoking rates than their uninfected counterparts, indicating that HIV diagnosis may be a critical timing to initiate behavioral changes and deliver smoking cessation interventions. Furthermore, multiple demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors were associated with smoking, indicating the need to develop and implement comprehensive smoking cessation prevention and intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital light processing (DLP) three‐dimensional printing has the advantages of both high printing resolution and efficiency and has been used to manufacture high‐precision, small, and complex shaped ceramic parts. One of the challenges of DLP is to develop photosensitive ceramic slurries with high solid content and low viscosity, especially for non‐oxide ceramics such as silicon nitride due to the dispersion and light absorption problem. This study mainly explores the dispersibility of silicon nitride in ultraviolet (UV)‐cured resins and the photocured properties of the slurry. Rheological measurements were utilized to characterize and screen different dispersants in the resin. It was found that DISPERMP is an effective dispersant. In order to improve the curing depth of Si3N4 photosensitive paste, the surface of silicon nitride powder was treated by oxidation, and organic compounds with different refractive indices were also introduced to increase the light penetration depth. It was found that glycerol with a refractive index of 1.474 resulted in the greatest improvement in the curing depth of Si3N4 photosensitive paste. Finally, a proposed slurry composition was developed to successfully print silicon nitride ceramics through UV‐curing molding technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgery may be associated with postoperative cognitive impairment in elder participants, yet the extent of its association with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains undetermined. Objective: To determine the relationship between surgery and MCI. Methods: The data of participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were analyzed, including individuals with MCI or normal cognition. We focused on surgeries conducted after the age of 45, categorized by the number of surgeries, surgical risk, and the age at which surgeries occurred. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to determine the association between surgery and the development of MCI. Results: The study is comprised of 387 individuals with MCI and 578 cognitively normal individuals. The overall surgery exposure (adjusted OR = 1.14, [95% CI 0.83, 1.56], p = 0.43) and the number of surgeries (adjusted OR = 0.92 [0.62, 1.36], p = 0.67 for single exposure, adjusted OR = 1.12 [0.71, 1.78], p = 0.63 for two exposures, adjusted OR = 1.38 [0.95, 2.01], p = 0.09 for three or more exposures compared to no exposure as the reference) were not associated with the development of MCI. However, high-risk surgeries (adjusted OR = 1.79 [1.00, 3.21], p = 0.049) or surgeries occurring after the age of 75 (adjusted OR = 2.01 [1.03, 3.90], p = 0.041) were associated with a greater risk of developing MCI. Conclusions: High risk surgeries occurring at an older age contribute to the development of MCI, indicating a complex of mechanistic insights for the development of postoperative cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn4+‐activated red‐light fluorides are widely used in high‐quality displays, due to the narrow‐spectral emission. However, achieving exceptional chromaticity coordinates and appropriate quantum efficiency (QE) at the same time is a great challenge. Herein, a Li substitution strategy is proposed for enhancing QE and improving the thermal stability of red‐light Mn4+‐activated Cs2NaGaF6 (CNGF). The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of optimal Cs2NaGaF6: Mn4+, Li+ (CNGF: Mn4+, Li+) is improved from 15.79% to 33.61% and thermal stability increases from 68.4% to 85.5% (intensity at 150 °C relative to room temperature). EQE enhancement mechanism on the strategy is explored that Li substitution increases the local structural distortion of Mn4+ for relieving the parity forbidden, and promotes Mn4+ doping in the host lattice, which provides new insights for improving the QE of Mn4+ non‐equivalent doped fluorides. Moreover, with exceptional chromaticity coordinates of (0.7029, 0.2970), optimal sample CNGF: 4.8 mol% Mn4+,0.9 mol% Li+ can be used to fabricate white light‐emitting diode (w‐LED) backlight, which obtains wide color gamut of 110.68% National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) and high luminous efficacy of 110.57 lm W−1, indicating that CNGF: Mn4+, Li+ is a promising candidate for the next generation of wide gamut and efficient displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn4+‐activated fluorides with a saturated red color and sharp line emission are ideal for applications in the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) backlight for displays. However, the emissions attributed to 2E→4A2 parity and spin‐forbidden transitions limit the design and adjustments of emission wavelength and chromaticity coordinates. Herein, machine learning algorithms are used to build a wavelength‐prediction model for Mn4+‐activated fluorides. The model precisely identifies the key structural features that affect wavelengths and discovers target materials. The predicted candidate Cs2NaAlF6:Mn4+ (CNAF) with a long‐wavelength zero‐phonon‐line emission at 628 nm exhibits a redshift in comparison with other reported Mn4+‐activated fluorides and commercial K2SiF6:Mn4+, but maintains narrow spectral emission with full‐width half maximum (FWHM) of 11.2 nm. The redshift and narrow spectra result in a color purity of 99.7% and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate of (0.7032,0.2967) that is close to the pure red‐light point of Recommendation BT. 2020 (Rec. 2020). Moreover, CNAF is prepared as a transparent red‐light film, and the device fabricated using the blue‐light mini‐LEDs, green quantum‐dot film, and CNAF film exhibits a wide color‐gamut of 121.5% National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) or 90.6% Rec. 2020, suggesting that CNAF has potential for wide‐color‐gamut displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the avoidance of device reabsorption and improvement in the color rendering index (CRI), Mn4+‐activated fluorides have potential applications in full‐spectrum lighting. However, it is still challenging to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and adapt it to the excitation of violet‐light chips used for increasing the CRI and reducing the blue‐light hazard. Here, red‐light single crystals Rb2Si1−xMnxF6 (RSMF) with an ultrahigh optimal Mn4+ content of 32.4 mol% are obtained through structural and morphological design. Breaking through the limitation of low quenching concentration (<10 mol%) of Mn4+‐activated fluorides, the as‐grown heavy Mn4+‐doped RSMF crystal not only exhibits a record EQE of 80.2% but also has a broad excitation band of full width at half maxima = 86 nm, which can be efficiently excited by both blue (460 nm) and violet (437 nm) light. The white light‐emitting diodes fabricated by violet/blue dual‐chips, commercial green phosphor, and the optimized RSMF crystal can realize a high luminous efficacy of 161.8 lm W−1 and high CRI of Ra = 95.5. Additionally, laser diode devices with high luminous flux of 198.2 lm are also presented. This study provides new insights into heavy Mn4+‐doped materials and promotes the application of full‐spectrum lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydromechanical coupling behavior of rocks is widely present in the fields of rock mechanics and engineering studies. Analyzing and summarizing the relevant literature, the current status of experimental and coupling theory research on hydromechanical coupling is systematically described, the commonly used numerical simulation methods and their applications are briefly introduced, and the hydromechanical coupling problems in mining engineering, water conservancy, and hydropower engineering, slope engineering, tunneling engineering, and other fields are analyzed. Regarding the current status of studies on the hydromechanical coupling behavior of rocks, the test research aspect needs to further enhance the test studies on the triaxial shear permeability of rock material, and adopt a combination of macroscopic, fine, and microscopic methods to study the hydraulic coupling problems of rock materials from different scales. To couple theory, the traditional concepts are broken through, and new coupling theories and mathematical models are used to explain and solve the relevant practical problems. Meanwhile, the application of interdisciplinary approaches to solving coupling problems in the future is emphasized. In terms of numerical simulation and engineering applications, new large data algorithms are developed to improve the efficiency of simulation calculations. In addition, consideration should be given to the numerical simulation of coupling effects, the coupled rheological effects, and the coupled dynamic properties of rock masses under high-ground stress and high water pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed content creation, with augmented reality (AR) emerging as a powerful tool to enhance user engagement. Short video content, prevalent on various platforms, offers a unique opportunity to leverage AR interfaces for more interactive and immersive experiences. Existing studies primarily focus on AR applications in static contexts, leaving a gap in knowledge regarding its effectiveness in dynamic short video environments. The objective of the study is to develop a framework that leverages AR technology to enable users to create dynamic video content, facilitating a more engaging storytelling experience. Key variables, including engagement level, learning experience, visual appeal, immersive experience, social interaction, and user empowerment, were measured to assess the impact of AR integration. The dataset includes 20 participant profiles that include information on their gender, age, education, and experience with AR, along with primary device usage with preferred platforms. A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining qualitative user feedback and quantitative analysis of user engagement metrics across various AR-enhanced video content. A structural equation model (SEM) is conducted to examine the relationship between various features of AR, user interaction, and engagement. The result demonstrates that integrating AR interfaces significantly enhanced user engagement levels, visual appeal, and immersive experiences in short video content creation. Quantitative analyses revealed strong positive correlations between AR features and user empowerment (α = 0.84), learning experiences (α = 0.82), and social interactions (α = 0.81). This research contributes to the understanding of AR’s role in dynamic digital storytelling, providing valuable insights for content creators and developers seeking to innovate in this rapidly evolving landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]