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Medium Resolution Spectral Imager II (MERSI-II) is one of the core sensors mounted on the FengYun-3D (FY3D) satellite. Two adjacent 250 m long-wave thermal infrared (TIR) channels provide a considerable opportunity for retrieving Land Surface Temperature (LST) with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, Thermodynamic Initial Guess Retrieval (TIGR) dataset and MODTRAN 4.0 model were used to re-fit the parameters of the Split-Window (SW) algorithm suitable for MERSI-II TIR channels, and then the daily 250 m resolution MERSI-II LST product was retrieved. The Radiance-based (R-based) method results showed that the bias value between [Formula: see text] simulated by MODTRAN4.0 and the input [Formula: see text] is 0.16 K, and the MAE value is 0.38 K. Inter-comparison method results showed that the MERSI-II LST and MODIS LST products were consistent in spatial distribution, but there were certain differences between MODIS LST and MERSI-II LST at different land cover types. T-based method results showed that R values between the site-observed LST and MERSI-II LST retrieved by SW algorithm exceeded 0.92, the bias value was between 3.6 K and 4.4 K, and the MAE value was between 2.6 K and 4.5 K. The above results indicating that the SW algorithm proposed in this study has good accuracy and applicability.

Ginger, valued for its medicinal properties and economic significance, is vulnerable to environmental stressors such as intense light and high temperatures, which can hinder its growth and development. Class III peroxidases (PRXs) are plant-specific oxidoreductases essential for plant development, growth, and stress responses. Despite their importance, there is limited information available on the function of the class III peroxidase gene family in ginger (ZoPRX). In this study, 103 ZoPRX members within the ginger genome were identified, unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. The identified ZoPRX members were categorized into five subfamilies based on gene structures, protein motifs, and phylogenetic analysis. Gene duplication analysis revealed that ZoPRX has primarily undergone segmental duplication. Interspecies homology analysis between ginger and Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Musa acuminata suggested most ZoPRXs in ginger originated after the divergence of dicotyledon and monocotyledon. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements identified defense and stress response elements in 39 genes and hormone response elements in 95 genes, indicating their potential roles in responding to environmental stresses. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that the majority of ZoPRX members are responsive to high temperature and intense light stress. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the PRX family in ginger, thereby laying the groundwork for future investigations into the functional role of ZoPRX genes under high-temperature and intense light-stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a significant medicinal and culinary plant, with its growth influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. The FWL gene, containing the PLAC8 motif, is prevalent in fungi, algae, higher plants, and animals. In plants, FWL primarily regulates fruit weight, cell division, and participates in heavy metal transport. However, the FWL family members in ginger have not been previously identified. This study identified 21 FWL members within the ginger genome, distributed across nine chromosomes. These 21 FWL genes were categorized into five subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis. Gene-structure and motif analyses revealed that ZoFWL has been conserved throughout evolution. Concurrently, the ZoFWL gene exhibits a homologous evolutionary relationship only with Musa acuminata. We identified three pairs of fragment-repeat events encompassing five genes, which likely represent the primary mechanism for amplification within the ZoFWL gene family. The promoter regions of the ZoFWL genes are enriched with numerous cis-acting elements implicated in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. These include elements responsive to low temperatures, anaerobic induction, MYB binding sites integral to defense and stress responses, and drought inducibility. Expression profiling revealed that the ZoFWL genes are responsive to a quartet of abiotic stressors, with ZoFWL18, in particular, demonstrating a pronounced response to osmotic, low-temperature, heat, and salinity stresses. This underscores the pivotal role of ZoFWLs in abiotic-stress responses. Our findings offer valuable insights into the potential of the ZoFWL gene family in modulating ginger rhizome development and the genes' response to abiotic stressors, laying a foundational framework for future research into ginger's resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advantages of performing aerosol retrieval with multi-angle, multi-spectral photopolarimetric measurements over intensity-only measurements come from this technique's sensitivity to aerosols' microphysical properties, such as their particle size, shape, and complex refraction index. In this study, an extended LUT (Look Up Table) algorithm inherited from a previous work based on the assumption of surface reflectance spectral shape invariance is proposed and applied to PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar) measurements to retrieve aerosols' optical properties including aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol fine-mode fraction (FMF). Case studies conducted over East China for different aerosol scenes are investigated. A comparison between the retrieved AOD regional distribution and the corresponding MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) C6 AOD products shows similar spatial distributions in the Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, China's mega city cluster) region. The PARASOL AOD retrievals were compared against the AOD measurements of seven AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations in China to evaluate the performance of the retrieval algorithm. In the fine-particle-dominated regions, lower RMSEs were found at Beijing and Hefei urban stations (0.16 and 0.18, respectively) compared to those at other fine-particle-dominated AERONET stations, which can be attributed to the assumption of surface reflectance spectral shape invariance that has significant advantages in separating the contribution of surface and aerosol scattering in urban areas. For the FMF validation, an RMSE of 0.23, a correlation of 0.57, and a bias of −0.01 were found. These results show that the algorithm performs reasonably in distinguishing the contribution of fine and coarse particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the clinical significance of monitoring neuron specific enolase (NSE), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) in patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted among 222 patients with pneumoconiosis admitted to this hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. The patients were divided into three groups according to the stage of pneumoconiosis (stage I, II, and III). The serum levels and abnormal rates of NSE, CA125, and CA199 among these groups were compared. Results Among the 222 patients with pneumoconiosis, 51 (22.97%) were in stage I, 52 (23.42%) were in stage II, and 119 (53.61%) were in stage III. There were statistically significant differences in serum NSE and CA125 levels among pneumoconiosis patients at different stages (P < 0.001), and serum NSE and CA125 levels in patients at stage III were higher than those in stage I and stage II (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum CA199 level among pneumoconiosis patients at different stages (P = 0.163). The abnormal rates of serum NSE, CA125, and CA199 levels among 222 patients were 45.05%, 27.93%, and 2.70%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in serum NSE and CA125 abnormal rates among pneumoconiosis patients at different stages (both P < 0.001), and both showed an increasing trend with the increase of stage. Conclusions Monitoring serum NSE and CA125 in patients with pneumoconiosis can indicate the progression of their condition and provide references for the treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]