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[Objective]The present study was conducted to breed new peanut variety with thin shell, high crude fat content, high and stable yield, and wide adaptability, which is suitable for planting in Guangxi peanut production area in order to lay the foundation for the sustainable development of Guangxi peanut industry. [Method]The fine germplasm 0442/3001-18 was used as female parent and 03-Qiu/3016 with disease resistance as male parent to conduct hybridize, and multi-generation directional selection for many years was performed towards the hybrid progenies. The pot type, kernel rate and yield potential were selected from the low generations of hybrid progenies, and the yield traits, crude fat content and stress resistance were focused on the high generations of hybrid progenies. [Result]The new peanut variety Guihua 32 showed characteristics with early maturity, high and stable yield, thin shell and wide adaptability and so on. The average pod yield of Cuihua 32 was 4361.2 kg/ha in peanut variety comparative test during 2010-2011, which was increased by 11.19% as compared to the target control variety Cuihua 17. The average pod yield of Guihua 32 was 3975.0 kg/ha in Guangxi peanut varieties regional trial during 2012-2013, which was decreased by 1.43% compared with the control variety Guihua 21. While its average seed yield was 2743.1 kg/ha, which was 7.32% higher than that of Guihua 21. In the test and demonstration of Wuming county of Guangxi, the dry pod yield of Gui-hua 32 was 4084.6 kg/ha, which was 11.78% higher than Guihua 17; its fresh pod yield in Zhongshan county was 9445.5 kg/ha. Guihua 32 was characterized by 52.12%-54.10% of crude fat content, 25.00% of protein content, 79.4% of full-pod rate, 81.8% of double-kernel pod rate, 186.3 g of 100-pod weight, 71.3 g of 100-seed weight, and 70.3% of kernel rate. The agronomic traits of Guihua 32 was superior to Guihua 17, and it was approved and registered by Guangxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration in June, 2014. [Conclusion]The new peanut variety Guihua 32 is a good alternative variety for Guihua 17 being better comprehensive traits, and is suitable for extending and planting in dry slope land of Cuangxi peanut production area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interspecific hybridization between a tetraploid cultivated peanut Zhongkaihua No. 4 as female and one wild peanut species A. chacoensis as male was used to study the botanical characteristics and pollen fertility of their F1, synthetic allohexaploid S0 and selfing generations ( S1 ~ S3 ), and their genome changes were studied by SSR markers. The variation coefficients of total number of branches, No. 1 lateral branches and corolla width of F1 ~ S3 were 48. 48%, 34.56% and 13.74% respectively. The result showed instability in early generations. Furthermore, the pollen germinated capability of F1 ~ S3 was 0, 11. 03%, 10. 58%, 16. 44% and 18. 53% respectively, which demonstrated that fertility increased with the self - cross course. The amplified microsatellite bands began to alter as early as in F1 generation and the changes included the loss of parental fragments, simultaneous appearance of parental bands and appearance of novel fragments. The microsatellites and their flanking areas demonstrated drastic and rapid variations, which suggested their biological function could be related to polyploidy evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) is a key regulatory protein involved in inflammatory secretion in microglia in the central nervous system. Our previous studies showed that ROCK inhibition enhances phagocytic activity in microglia through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, but its effect on microglial migration was unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil on the migratory activity of primary cultured microglia isolated from the spinal cord, and we examined the underlying mechanisms. The microglia were treated with Y27632, fasudil and/or the ERK inhibitor U0126. Cellular morphology was observed by immunofluorescence. Transwell chambers were used to assess cell migration. ERK levels were measured by in-cell western blot assay. Y27632 and fasudil increased microglial migration, and the microglia were irregularly shaped and had many small processes. These inhibitors also upregulated the levels of phosphorylated ERK protein. The ERK inhibitor U0126 suppressed these effects of Y27632 and fasudil. These findings suggest that the ROCK inhibitors Y27632 and fasudil promote microglial migration in the spinal cord through the ERK signaling pathway., Competing Interests: None declared

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of ropinirole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease., Methods: From November 2005 to April 2007, a total of 221 subjects from 7 hospitals of Beijing, Lanzhou and Wuhan participated in a 12-week multi-center, randomized, bromocriptine-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy and parallel-group trial. The efficacy of ropinirole was assessed with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) score, "off" time according to the patient's diary and the overall evolution of clinical efficacy. The safety was assessed on the basis of adverse events, blood pressure, pulse, laboratory measurement and electrocardiographic recordings. And the statistical analyses were performed with t, paired t, χ(2) and covariance tests., Results: In the intent-to-treat population, the average UPDRSIII score decreased to (11 ± 9) in ropinirole group and (11 ± 10) in bromocriptine group while the UPDRSIIscore decreased to (4 ± 4) and (3 ± 5) respectively at Week 12 versus baseline. It showed that ropinirole was non-inferior to bromocriptine. The "off" time at Week 12 [(3.0 ± 1.2)h, (3.8 ± 1.6)h] versus baseline [(4.2 ± 2.0)h, (4.4 ± 1.7)h] decreased (t = 10.772, t = 5.746, P = 0.000) in ropinirole and bromocriptine groups. Ropinirole offered a better overall improvement rate (q = 7.241, P = 0.007). The adverse events occurring at a ratio of over 5% caused by ropinirole included orthostatic hypotension, nausea, dizziness, upper abdominal discomfort, insomnia and palpitation. No significant difference existed in the frequency of adverse events between two groups., Conclusions: Ropinirole is both effective and safe in the treatment of Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of midazolam and diazepam for treatment of acute seizures in children., Methods: One hundred and twenty children with acute seizures were randomly divided into two groups: midazolam (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) and diazepam treatment (0.3-0.5 mg/kg) (n=60 each). In cases with seizure recurrence or statural convulsivus, a maintenance dose of midazolam (1-8 mg/kg per hour) and a maintenance dose of diazepam (0.5-1 mg/kg per hour) or along with phenobarbital sodium were given in the midazolam and diazepam treatment groups, respectively. The therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups., Results: The seizures were relieved in all cases from the two groups 10 minutes after administration of midazolam or diazepam. There were no significant differences in the average time of seizure control between the two groups. Five children in the midazolam group had seizure recurrence or statural convulsivus after 10 minutes compared with 13 children in the diazepan group (P<0.05). The time of seizure control averaged 40+/-32 minutes in the midazolam group compared with 69+/-24 minutes in the diazepam group after maintenance treatment (P<0.05). No midazolam and diazepam treatment related adverse events were observed., Conclusions: Midazolam is safe and effective in the treatment of acute seizures in children. Midazolam appears to be a better option in the treatment of recurrent seizures or statural convulsivus than diazepam.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the protective effect of fructose-1, 6-diphosphagic (FDP) and dexamethasone (DXM) in hemorrhagic shock in rabbits., Methods: Using a hemorrhagic shock model of Wiggers, 48 rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group I control group; GroupII with drugs given before ischemia phase (divided into 3 groups: FDP I, DXM I and FDP I+ DXM I); Group III with drugs given in reperfusion phase (divided into 2 groups: FDPII and DXMII). The levels of creatine kinase (CK) and troponin I (cTnI) in plasma were measured, and myocyte apoptosis index was assessed., Results: Baseline levels of CK and cTnI were similar in three groups; CK and cTnI and apoptosis index were lower or with a lower tendency in groupII and in groupIII (P<0.05 or P<0.01); CK and cTnI showed a lower tendency in rise in FDP I and DXM I than in FDPII and even slower in FDP group than in DXM group; CK and cTnI levels rose slower in FDP I+DXM I than in FDP I and DXM I., Conclusion: FDP given during ischemia and DXM could effectively protect the myocardium from reperfusion injury following hemorrhagic shock.

The SUPERMAN gene in Arabidopsis has its epigenetic mutants (the clark kent alleles,clk). The phenotype of clk and its genotype and methylated patterns and the epi-mutation mechanisms of SUPERMAN were summarized in the review. Heritable but unstable sup epi-alleles are associated with nearly identical patterns of excess cytosine methylation within the SUP gene and a decreased level of SUP RNA. The methylation of cytosine at CpG and CPXPG is controlled by METHYLTRANSFERASE1(MET1) and CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3) which is regulated by KRYPTONITE gene, respectively.