Search

Helminthosporium velutinum Link [as ‘Helmisporium’], Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3(1–2): 10, tab. 1:9 (1809) (FIGURE 4) Index Fungorum Number: IF250075 Description. Saprobic on dead twigs, dark brown, effuse, velvety. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Mycelium immersed, composed of branched, septate, thick-walled hyphae. Conidiophores mononematous, macronematous, mostly unbranched, proliferating, dark brown, 96–296 × 5–7 µm (x̅ = 153 × 6 µm, n = 10), 7–12 septate, erect or flexuous, tapering towards apex, bulbous at base with cells near apex of conidiophore guttulate and fertile. Conidiogenous cells polytretic integrated, intercalary and terminal. Conidia 99–131 × 20–36 µm (x̅ = 115 × 28 µm, n = 20)single, obclavate, pale brown to brown, 6–9 distoseptate, smooth, straight or curved, base slightly truncate, cicatrized and wider than apex, dark brown, apical cell paler than other cells, rounded at apex, guttulate when young, non-guttulate at maturity. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA, reaching 21 mm diam., after 2 weeks at 20–25 oC, medium dense, circular to slightly irregular, slightly raised and cottony surface, colony from above: at first white, becoming buff; from below: blackish white at the margin, black to ash at the center; mycelium blackish. Material examined: CHINA, Guizhou Province, Huaxi District, Guizhou university garden (South), on a dead branch of Platanus sp., 05 October 2019, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, NWGUP01 (HKAS 107064, new host record, a new record from Guizhou Province), ex-type living culture, KUMCC 20–0029 Known hosts and distribution: Guizhou province, China (this study), Yunnan Province, Dali, WanHua stream, China (Zhu et al. 2016). Known hosts: Platanus sp. (this study), saprobic on decaying wood submerged in stream (Zhu et al. 2016). GenBank Numbers: LSU: MW273148, SSU: MW273295, ITS: MW 273144 Notes: Helminthosporium velutinum, the type species of Helminthosporium was re-visited by Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2017) and designated the epitype and the ex-epitype. The genus was reported with the sexual morph however, Helminthosporium velutinum lacks the sexual morph (Voglmayr & Jaklitsch 2017). According to Voglmayr & Jaklitsch (2017), distribution of the species was reported as ‘Widespread and common in temperate Eurasia and America, probably almost cosmopolitan’. Zhu et al. (2016) reported Helminthosporium velutinum from submerged wood from Yunnan Province, China. In this study, we collected Helminthosporium velutinum on dead branches of Platanus sp. from Guizhou Province, China. According to Farr & Rossman (2021), a taxon named Helminthosporium spiciferum (Nicot 1953) (current name: Curvularia spicifera Index Fungorum 2021) was reported from Platanus occidentalis. Besides this record, as far as we know, Helminthosporium species have not been reported from Platanus species. Moreover, this is the first record of this genus from terrestrial habitats from China., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Zhu, D., Luo, Z. L., Baht, D. J., Mckenzie, E. H. C., Bahkali, A. H., Zhou, D. Q., Su, H. Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Helminthosporium velutinum and H. aquaticum sp. nov. from aquatic habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 253: 179 - 190 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / PHYTOTAXA. 253.3.1","Voglmayr, H. & Jaklitsch, W. M. (2017) Corynespora, Exosporium and Helminthosporium revisited - new species and generic reclassification. Studies in Mycology 87: 43 - 76.","Farr, D. F. & Rossman, A. Y. (2021) Fungal Databases, U. S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. Available from: https: // nt. ars-grin. gov / fungaldatabases / (Retrieved 8 April 2021)","Nicot, J. (1953) Un Helminthosporium saprophyte du sol: Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bain.) nov. comb. Osterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 100: 478 - 485.","Index Fungorum (2021) Available from: http: // www. indexfungorum. org / names / names. asp (accessed 20 May 2021)"]}

Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia, Kang, Yingqian (2021): Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot. Phytotaxa 523 (1): 1-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1

Immersidiscosia eucalypti (Pat.) Kaz. Tanaka, Okane & Hosoya, Persoonia 26: 94 (2011) (FIGURE 3) Index Fungorum Number: IF519747 Foliicolous, the host plant is Quercus palustris. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: coelomycetous. Conidiomata 354–522 μm (x = 427 μm, n = 5) diameter, 287 μm high, conspicuous, pycnidial, subglobose to sometimes lenticular in section view, semi-immersed, scattered, unilocular, with relatively thin stromatic base, black, glabrous. Beak of conidiomata long, 384 μm long, 13 – 61 μm wide. Peridium 18–42 μm wide (upper wall 25–42 μm (x = 33 μm, n = 7) wide; basal wall 18–26 μm (x = 27 μm, n = 7) wide), composed of 4 – 7 layers, with outer 3–5 layers light brown and inner layer hyaline, composed of thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores up to 45 μm long, cylindrical, branched. Conidia 15.4 – 17 × 2.6 – 3.3 μm (x = 16.1 × 3 μm, n = 10), cylindrical to subcylindrical, slightly curved, 3-septate, hyaline, with an appendage at both ends; basal cell 2–2.8 μm long (x = 2.5 μm, n = 10), obconic, truncate at the base; 2 median cells 10.5–12.2 μm long (x = 11.3 μm, n = 10), cylindrical (second cell from the base 4.7–6.6 μm long (x = 5.6 μm, n = 10), third cell 4.6–6.7 μm long (x = 5.7 μm, n = 10)); apical cell 1.7–3.1 μm long (x = 2.7 μm, n = 10). Appendage single, cellular, unbranched, filiform, flexuous or straight appendage; apical appendage 7.9–9.1 × 0.8–1.1 μm (x = 8.7 × 1 μm, n = 6); basal appendage 7.8–9.3 × 0.7–1.1 μm (x = 8.5 × 0.9 μm, n = 6). Material examined:— CHINA, Yunnan Province, Dali; 25°43′27″N 100°6′54″E, 2260 m alt.; 11 August 2019; Hai-Xia Wu leg; collected on a fallen leaf of Quercus palustris (IFRD 500-20) (new country record) . Known hosts and distribution (based on molecular data):— Thailand, Yunnan China Notes:— The genus, Immersidiscosia Kaz. Tanaka et al. (2011) was introduced by Tanaka et al. (2011) with I. eucalypti as the type species. The genus, morphologically resembles Discosia but phylogenetically distinct. Immersidiscosia eucalypti was reported from both temperate and tropical countries such as France, Italy, Japan and Tunisia (Tanaka et al. 2011; Hyde et al. 2017; Wijayawardene et al. 2017; Farr & Rossman 2021). This is the first report of I. eucalypti in China. Further collections are essentially required to study whether this taxon is pathogenic on Quercus species.

Mucispora hydei Wijayaw., Q.R. Li, Y.C. Deng, L.S. Dissan & D-Q Dai sp. nov. (FIGURE 1) Index Fungorum number: IF558463 Etymology:— Named in honour of British mycologist, K.D. Hyde for his immense contributions to mycology Holotype:— GMB0028 Saprobic on decaying wood. Asexual morph Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores 60–110 × 8–12 µm (x̅ = 78.6 × 9.8 µm, n = 30), macronematous, mononematous, erect, solitary or in small groups on compactly aggregated cells, simple, cylindrical, smooth, brown, straight or slightly flexuous, percurrently proliferate 2–3 times, 1–2-septate. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, smooth, pale brown. Conidia 35-50 × 20-30 µm (x̅ = 41.2 × 25.5 µm, n = 30), acrogenous, solitary, simple, smooth, ellipsoidal to obovoid, hyaline to subhyaline when young, dark brown when mature, with obvious septa in young conidia, paler at basal cell, truncate at base, sometimes covered by a hyaline mucilaginous sheath. Sexual morph Undetermined. Material examined:— CHINA, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Gaopo Township, Raorao village (106°48’6.54”E, 26°19’3.46”N), on decaying submerged wood, 9 th December 2019, Nalin N. Wijayawardene, Q. R Li, (GMB0028, holotype, NNW56, isotype). LSU: MW797122, SSU MW 800164, ITS MW 797039 (Supplementary Table 1) Known distribution:— Guizhou Province, China Notes:— Yang et al. (2016) introduced the genus Mucispora Jing Yang et al. with M. obscuriseptata J. Yang et al. as the type species. Besides the type species, the genus comprises two species viz. M. phangngaensis J. Yang & K.D. Hyde (Yang et al. 2017) and M. infundibulata J. Yang & K.D. Hyde (Hyde et al. 2020). All these species have been reported from submerged plant materials in Southern Thailand (Prachuap Khiri Khan Province and Phang Nga Province). In morphology, Mucispora closely resembles Melanocephala but it is specific in its cupulate proliferating conidiogenous cells and its conidia bearing a central downwardly directed collar with a fimbriate margin’ (Hughes 1979; Yang et al. 2017). Our new collection did not germinate in different media (WA, PDA, MEA) and in different temperatures thus we extracted DNA directly from the fruiting body (Zeng et al. 2018). PCR amplification of ITS (ITS 4/ ITS 5), LSU (primers: LR5/ LROR) and SSU (primers: NS 1/ NS 4) were successful. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU and ITS genes (Fig. 2) that our new strain is distinct from other taxa. However, the separation value is medium (69% in ML) and PP value is low. Nevertheless, morphological characters, of our collection is well-distinct from other Mucispora species (Table 2). Hence, we introduce the fourth species of the genus, Mucispora hydei. This is the first record of the genus outside Thailand., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Yang, J., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Bhat, D. J. Al-Sadi, A. M. & Lumyong, S. (2016) Fuscosporellales, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Cryptogamie Mycologie 37: 449 - 475.","Yang, J., Liu, J. K., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. B. G. & Liu, Z. Y. (2017) Two new species in Fuscosporellaceae from freshwater habitats in Thailand. Mycosphere 8: 1893 - 1903. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 8 / 10 / 12","Hyde, K. D., Dong, Y., Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D. J., Jones, E. B. G., Liu, N. G., Abeywickrama, P. D., Mapook, A., Wei, D. P., Perera, R. H., Manawasinghe, I. S., Pem, D., Bundhun, D., Karunarathna, A., Ekanayaka, A. H., Bao, D. F., Li, J. F., Samarakoon, M. C., Chaiwan, N., Lin, C. G., Phutthacharoen, K., Zhang, S. N., Senanayake, I. C., Goonasekara, I. D., Thambugala, K. M., Phukhamsakda, C., Tennakoon, D. S., Jiang, H. B., Yang, J., Zeng, M., Huanraluek, N., Liu, J. K., Wijesinghe, S. N., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Brahmanage, R. S., Boonmee, S., Huang, S. K., Thiyagaraja, V., Lu, Y. Z., Jayawardena, R. S., Dong, W., Yang, E. F., Singh, S. K., Singh, S. M., Rana, S., Lad, S. S., Anand, G., Devadatha, B., Niranjan, M., Sarma, VV., Liimatainen, K., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Niskanen, T., Overall, A., Alvarenga, R. L. M., Gibertoni, T. B., Pliegler, W. P., Horvath, E., Imre, A., Alves, A. L., Santos, A. C. S., Tiago, P. V., Bulgakov, T. S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Bahkali, A. H., Doilom, M., Elgorban, A. M., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Haelewaters, D., Mortimer, P. E., Zhao, Q., Lumyong, S., Xu, J. C. & Sheng, J. (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1151 - 1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 96: 1 - 273. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 020 - 00439 - 5","Hughes, S. J. (1979) Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17: 139 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0028825 X. 1979.10426887","Zeng, X. Y., Jeewon, R., Wen, T. C., Hongsanan, S., Boonmee, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2018) Simplified and efficient DNA extraction protocol for Meliolaceae specimens. Mycological Progress 17: 403 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 018 - 1419 - 0"]}

Metarhizium guizhouense Q.T. Chen & H.L. Guo, Acta Mycol. Sin. 5(3): 181 (1986) (FIGURE. 8) Index Fungorum Number: 130206 Specimen found on stick insects (Phasmatodea). Host’s internodes between abdominal segments were covered with white to pale green mycelium and sporulating conidiophores. Conidiophores arising from hyphae, smooth-walled. Phialides cylindrical, solitary, smooth-walled, 8–18 × 1–1.5 μm. Conidia smooth-walled, pale green to colorless (6.5– 9.5 × 2.5–3 μm), cylindrical, slightly constricted in the middle, round at both ends or tapered at one end. Bi-celled conidium was not observed. Culture characteristics:— Colonies on PDA were relatively slow-growing, fluffy, beginning to white, and the spores appear green, started to produce conidia after 3 days in culture at 25 °C in the laboratory, 17 mm diam. after 10 days. Mature conidia chains are often spread on the surface of the colony in small granular clumps. Hyphae hyaline, separated, branched, about 3 um wide. Material examined:— China, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, on dead stick insects, July 2019, Q.R. L, 2019GY03 (GMB0010), living cultures, GMBC0010 (new host record). Known hosts and distribution:— Guizhou Known hosts:— larvae of Noctuidae sp., stick insects GenBank Numbers:— ITS: MW881444, LSU: MW 881450, RPB2: MW 883344 Note:— Metarhizium guizhouense, isolated on Hepialus sp. in Guizhou China, was introduced by Guo et al. (1986). In 1991, Liang et al. reported a M. taii Z.Q. Liang & A.Y. Liu on larvae of Noctuidae sp. (Lepidoptera). Metacordyceps taii was recognized to be the sexual morph of M. guizhouense by Bischoff et al. (2009). Qu et al. also reported that M. taii should be treated as a synonym of M. guizhouense based on molecular data. This is the first report of M. guizhouense isolated on stick insects (Phasmatodea)., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Guo, H. L., Ye, B. L., Yeu, Y. Y., Chen, Q. T.; Fu, C. S. (1986) Three new species of Metarhizium. Acta Mycologica Sinica 5: 177 - 184.","Bischoff, J. F., Rehner, J. A. & Humber, R. A. (2009) A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage. Mycologia 101: 512 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 07 - 202"]}

Tolypocladium W. Gams, Persoonia 6(2): 185 (1971) Tolypocladium used to be known as an asexually genus since it was described (Gams 1971) until Hodge et al. (1996) linked one sexual species to this genus. This genus was transferred in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae based on phylogenetic analyses (Sung et al. 2007). Many species of Elaphocordyceps and Chaunopycnis have been transferred to Tolypocladium, which was protected in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plant (Kirk et al. 2013, Quandt et al. 2014)., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Gams, W. (1971) Tolypocladium, eine Hyphomycetengattung mit geschwollenen Phialiden. Persoonia 6: 185 - 191.","Hodge, K. T., Krasnof, S. B. & Humber, R. A. (1996) Tolypocladium inflatum is the anamorph of Cordyceps subsessilis. Mycologia 88: 715 - 719. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3760965","Sung, G. H., Sung, J. M., Hywel-Jones, N. L. & Spatafora, J. W. (2007) A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): Identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution 44: 1204 - 1223. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.03.011","Kirk, P. M., Stalpers, J. A., Braun, U., Crous, P. W., Hansen, K., Hawksworth, D. L., Hyde, K. D., Lucking, R., Lumbsch, T. H., Rossman, A. Y., Seifert, K. A. & Stadler, M. (2013) A without prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. IMA Fungus 4: 381 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.5598 / imafungus. 2013.04.02.17","Quandt, C. A., Kepler, R. M., Gams, W., Araujo, J. P. M., Ban, S., Evans, H. C., Hughes, D., Humber, R., Jones, N. H., Li, Z., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Rehner, S. A., Sanjuan, T., Sato, H., Shrestha, B., Sung, G. H., Yao, Y. J., Zare, R. & Spatafora, J. W. (2014) Phylogenetic-based nomenclatural proposals for Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales) with new combinations in Tolypocladium. IMA fungus 5: 121 - 34. https: // doi. org / 10.5598 / imafungus. 2014.05.01.12"]}

Panus similis Berk. & Br. In Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14:43 (1873) (FIGURES 10, 11) Pileus (4.9B) 4–16 cm diameter, thin, deeply infundibuliform; surface brown to dark chestnut brown, finely velutinate at the centre, radially plicate-sulcate with the striae extending almost to the centre, margin curved downwards, ciliate. Lamellae decurrent, ochraceous buff, darkening at maturity, 1.5–3 mm broad, moderately spaced with lamellulae of five lengths; entire edge. Stipe central, 4–17 cm × 1.5–2 mm, solid, cylindric, slightly expanded at the base; surface concolorous with the pileus, uniformly velutinate and felt-like. Context 1–2 mm thick at the centre, coriaceous, white. Generative hyphae (4.7E) 2–4 μm diameter, very thin-walled, frequently branching with clamp connections. Skeletal hyphae (4.7E) 2–5 μm diameter, cylindric, sinuous with a thickened hyaline wall, unbranched. Basidiospores (4.7 A) (5.5–6.5 × 2.5–3.5 (5.5 ± 0.3 × 3 ± 0.2) μm, Q =1.83, hyaline, ellipsoid to oblong cylindric, thin-walled, with few contents. Basidia 17–29 × 4–5 μm, clavate, cylindric, bearing 4 sterigmata. Lamella-edge sterile, with small Cheilocystidia, soon collapsing. Cheilocystidia crowded, 17–26 × 3–6 μm, nodulose-clavate, hyaline, irregular, thinwalled. Sclerocystidia (4.7D) very abundant, very crowded, 19–41 × 4–9 μm, irregularly fusoid, elongate, with a thick, hyaline wall. Hymenophoral trama irregular of radiate construction, hyaline. Subhymenial layer slightly developed. Pileipellis on epicutis, up to 115 μm thick, of more or less repent hyaline, up to 160 μm long, 115 μm diameter, with a thickened wall of 1.5–3.5 μm. Stipitipellis similar to Pileipellis. Smell mushroomy, edible when it is young. Material examined:— CHINA, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, elevation 400 m, rainforest dominated by Castanopsis sp. and Dipterocarpus sp.; 4 June 2018, Samantha C. Karunarathna (HKAS 121668) (new country record). Notes: Panus similis has a palaeotropical Distribution and is most commonly found in south-east Asia and Australasia, but also extends westwards across equatorial Africa. It is recognized by the excellently velutinate to glabrescent pileus with noticeable radially sulcate striate, combined with the subdistant lamellae. Large basidiocarps are frequently encountered almost always associated with a prominent pseudosclerotium. This study reports P. similis for the first time from China, based on both morphological characteristics (Figs. 10, 11) and phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 12)., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977

Myrmecridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous, Stud. Mycol. 58: 84 (2007) (FIGURE. 9) Index Fungorum Number: IF504560 Saprobic on submerged decaying wood. Sexual morph undetermined. Asexual morph Colonies on natural substrata effuse, superficial, scattered, hairy, solitary or in small groups, black, with a mass of visible whitish to grayish conidia on middle to upper part of conidiophores. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight to slightly curve, unbranched, medium brown to brown at base part, pale towards top part, thin-walled, septate, 172–304 × 2–3 μm (= 212 × 2.6 μm, n = 15). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, cylindrical, subhyaline to pale brown, forming a rachis with scattered pimpleshaped denticles which are less than 1 µm long and approx. 0.5 µm in diameter. Conidia solitary, fusoid or ellipsoidal to obovoidal, rounded at the apex, obtuse and tapering towards base, hyaline, aseptate, thin-walled, smooth, without guttule, some with a small protuberance, 5–6.5 × 2.3–3.6 μm (= 5.8 × 2.9 μm, n = 35). Culture characteristics:— Conidia germinating on PDA within 24h. Colonies grow on PDA attaining 38–48 mm diameter in 40d at 20–25°C in the condition of 12h-dark and 12h-light, with smooth, floccose, pale brown mycelium on the surface, reverse white, with filamentous, undulate margin. Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, small river of Puzhehei, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 23 June 2018, Hao Yang, P37 (IFRD500–012), living culture = KUMCC 20–0190 (new record from Yunnan, new habitat record). Known hosts and distribution: Soil (Germany, Papua New Guinea, Zaire), Homo sapiens (Netherlands), Wheat straw (South Africa), Triticum aestivum (Netherlands), Malus sylvestris (Switzerland), Cannomois virgate (South Africa) GenBank Numbers: ITS MT559103 Notes:— Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007) with M. schulzeri as type species, which was described as Chloridium schulzerii (Sacc.) Sacc. and Rhinocladiella schulzeri (Sacc.) Matsush. Our isolate fits the characters of Myrmecridium well in having macronematous, unbranched, septate conidiophores, polyblastic conidiogenous cells with denticles, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, fusoid or ellipsoidal to obovoidal conidia (Arzanlou et al. 2007, Jie et al. 2013, Peintner et al. 2016, Réblová et al. 2016). The sequence data in ITS gene region of our isolate are identical to that of M. schulzeri. Thus, we identified our isolate as M. schulzeri. Our isolate is a new geographic record in China and a new habitat record from freshwater., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Arzanlou, M., Groenewald, J. Z., Gams, W., Braun, U., Shin, H. D. & Crous, P. W. (2007) Phylogenetic and morphotaxonomic revision of Ramichloridium and allied genera. Studies in Mycology 58: 57 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim. 2007.58.03","Jie, C. Y., Zhoua, Q. X., Zhao, W. S. Lan, J. Y., Hyde, K. D., Mckenzie, E. H. C. & Yong, W. (2013) A new Myrmecridium species from Guizhou, China. Mycotaxon 124 (1): 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 124.1","Peintner, U., Knapp, M., Fleischer, V., Walch, G. & Dresch, P. (2016) Myrmecridium hiemale sp. now. From snow-covered alpine soil is the first eurypschrophile in this genus of anamorphic fungi. International. Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66: 2592 - 2598. https: // doi. org / 10.1099 / ijsem. 0.001090","Reblova, M., Fournier, J. & Stepanek, V. (2016) Two new lineages of aquatic ascomycetes: Atractospora gen. nov. and Rubellisphaeria gen. et sp. nov., and a sexual morph of Myrmecridium montsegurinum sp. nov. Mycological Progress 15: 21 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11557 - 016 - 1166 - z"]}

Tolypocladium cucullae Y.P. Xiao & T.C. Wen sp. nov. (FIGURE 6) Index Fungorum Number: 558265 Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the feature of the capitate stromata. Holotype:— HKAS 55588 Parasitic in an unidentified host buried in the upper 1 cm of soil, forming brown to dark stromata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 8–13 cm long, 5–10 mm wide, stromatic, brown to olive when fresh, dark when dry, tough, capitate, mostly solitary, stipitate, inside hollow when mature. Stipe 8–12 × 0.5–0.7 cm, cylindrical, yellow to brown when fresh, dark brown when dry, with green scales on the surface when fresh, with dark furfuraceous when dry, fibrous, hollow, with stromata on the top. Fertile head 8-10 mm in diam, hemispherical, minutely mammilate, bracken green to dark olive when fresh, dark when dry, distinctly separated from the stipe, tough, solitary, with a cortex of closely interwoven hyaline hyphae pseudoparenchymatous in section. Perithecia 500–600 × 340–420 μm (x = 560 × 380 µm, n = 30), subglobose to ovoid, immersed in stroma with slightly protruding ostiolar papilla. Ostiole lined with paraphyses. Peridium 20–25 µm (x = 22 µm, n = 60) wide, of brown pigmented cells of textura porrecta to paler textura prismatica. Asci 320–400 × 10–15 um (x = 360 × 13 µm, n = 60), 8-spored, unitunicate, narrow cylindrical, hyaline, with thick apex. Apical cap 5.5–7.5 × 5–7.5μm (x = 6.5 × 6 µm, n = 60) μm diam, hyaline. Ascospores as long as asci, filiform, hyaline break into secondary spores. Secondary spores 25–35 × 3–4.5 μm (x = 30 × 3.8 µm, n = 60), cylindrical to fusoid with truncated ends, smooth, hyaline, with or without septa. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined:— CHINA, Yunnan Province, Lijiang City, Laojun Mountain. 15 July 2008, Yun Ting Huang (HKAS 55588, holotype), (GZU A-77, i sotype). LSU: MW798786 MW 7987877, SSU MW 798784 MW 798785, ITS MW798788 MW 798789 (Supplementary Table 1) Notes:—We identified this species after we inspected the unidentified specimens in the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (HKAS). According to morphology and phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 7), the new species Tolypocladium cucullae is close to T. capitatum, T. delicatistipitatum, T. fumosum and T. longisegmentatum. Tolypocladium cucullae is distinct from T. capitatum by producing hollow, furfuraceous stipe, smaller perithecia and smaller asci, while T. capitatum produces tough stipe, bigger perithecia and longer asci (Mains 1957, Table 3). Tolypocladium cucullae is distinct from T. fumosum in having larger and brown to olive when fresh, dark when dry stromata; larger, hemispherical and bracken green to dark olive when fresh, dark when dry fertile head; smaller perithecia; longer and cylindrical to fusoid secondary spores. Tolypocladium fumosum has smaller, pale chalcedony yellow at the base to dark gull grey at the apex stromata; ellipsoidal when young and capitate when mature fertile head; larger perithecia; shorter and cylindrical to cubic secondary spores. The phylogenetic tree also supports that T. cucullae is distinct from T. capitatum and T. fumosum (Fig. 7). The morpho-characters of T. cucullae are similar to T. delicatistipitatum, but the latter has no DNA sequence data. Both of them formed stipitate stromata, subglobose to ovoid perithecia, cylindrical asci and cylindrical secondary spores with truncate ends. Tolypocladium cucullae is different from Tolypocladium delicatistipitatum in producing stromata with a hemispherical, dark (when dry) fertile part, with a thinner (5.5–6 μm in diam) apical cap and longer (25–35 μm long) secondary spores, while T. delicatistipitatum produces stromata with a spherical or oval fertile part, a thicker (8 μm in diam) apical cap and shorter (18–28 μm long) secondary ascospores. Molecular data have been supplemented by four strains, including OSC 110992 (Sung et al. 2007), HMJAU6903 (Yan & Bau 2014), MHHNU 8699 (Chen & Zhang 2019) and 2731.S (Stensrud et al. 2005). Furthermore, HMJAU6903 (Yan & Bau 2014) and MHHNU 8699 (Chen & Zhang 2019) were reported molecular data with descriptions and illustrations among these four strains. Tolypocladium cucullae is distinct from T. longisegmentatum (DAOM 137162, Ginns 1988; HMJAU6903, Yan & Bau 2014; MHHNU 8699, Chen & Zhang 2019) in having a hemispherical fertile head, brown perithecia and shorter secondary spores (Table 3). Molecular data indicated that the new species has 31 bp in ITS that differ from HMJAU 6903, 36 bp in ITS that is different from MHHNU 8699, 38 bp in ITS is different from 2731.S, 26 bp in LSU that are different from OSC 110992. In conclusion, we propose T. cucullae as a new species., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Mains, E. B. (1957) Species of Cordyceps Parasitic on Elaphomyces. Bull. Torrey Botanical Club 84: 243 - 251.","Sung, G. H., Sung, J. M., Hywel-Jones, N. L. & Spatafora, J. W. (2007) A multi-gene phylogeny of Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota, Fungi): Identification of localized incongruence using a combinational bootstrap approach. Molecular Phylogenetic and Evolution 44: 1204 - 1223. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.03.011","Yan, J. Q. & Bau, T. (2014) Elaphocordyceps longisegmentis, a new record species from China. Journal of Fungal Researc 12: 197 - 199.","Chen, Z. H. & Zhang, P. (2019) Atlas of Macrofungi in Hunan. Hunan Normal University Press, Changsha, pp 1 - 426.","Stensrud, O., Hywel-Jones, N. L. & Schumacher, T. (2005) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps: ITS nrDNA sequence data confirm divergent lineages and paraphyly. Mycological research 109: 41 - 56.","Ginns, J. (1988) Typification of Cordyceps Canadensis and C. Capitata, and a New Species, C. Longisegmentis. Mycologia 80: 217 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3807796"]}

Roussoella pseudohysterioides D.Q. Dai & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 82: 37 (2016) (FIGURE 5) Index Fungorum Number: IF552026 Saprobic on decaying bamboo culms. Sexual morph: Ascostromata forming under black area, including 3–5 locules, up to 3–5 mm long and 0.5–2 mm wide, slightly raised at maturity, irregular, black, coriaceous. Locules in vertical section 220–280 μm high, 180–330 μm diam., gregarious, subglobose to ellipsoidal, dark brown, with ostiolate opening. Peridium composed of dark brown cells comprising host and fungal tissues. Hamathecium comprising dense, 2–3.5 μm wide, cellular pseudoparaphyses, indistinctly septate, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 85–290 × 7.5–17.5 μm (x = 165×10.5 μm, n=30), 8-spored, bitunicate, cylindrical, with a short furcate pedicel, with an apical ocular chamber. Ascospore s 11–19.5 × 4–6.5 μm (x = 16.5×5.5 μm, n=30), uniseriate, fusiform-ellipsoidal, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, narrow at both ends, with striate wall ornamentation, some with obvious verrucose. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Material examined:— CHINA, Guizhou Province, Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve, on dead culm of bamboo, July 2019, Q. R. Li 2019LGS13 (GMB0009), living cultures, GMBC0009 (new country record). Known hosts and distribution:— Guizhou, China, Thailand Known hosts:— Bamboo GenBank Numbers:— ITS: MW881445; LSU: MW 881451; RPB2: MW 883345 Notes:— Roussoella, typified by Roussoella nitidula Sacc. & Paol. was introduced by Saccardo & Paoletti (1888). Most species of Roussoella were observed from monocotyledon, such as bamboo and palms (Dai et al. 2017; Hyde et al. 2018). Roussoella pseudohysterioides was originally introduced by Dai et al. (2017) isolated from Thailand. This is the first report of Roussoella pseudohysterioides discovered from China., Published as part of Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Li, Qi-Rui, Dai, Dong-Qi, Xiao, Yuanpin, Wen, Ting-Chi, Karunarathna, Samantha C., Wu, Hai-Xia, Zhang, Huang, Tibpromma, Saowaluck, Kang, Ji-Chuan, Wang, Yong, Shen, Xiang- Chun, Tang, Li-Zhou, Deng, Chun-Ying, Liu, Yanxia & Kang, Yingqian, 2021, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot, pp. 1-31 in Phytotaxa 523 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5571977, {"references":["Saccardo, P. A. & Paoletti, G. (1888) Mycetes Malacenses. Funghi della penisola di Malacca raccolti nel 1885 dell' Ab. Benedetto Scortechini 6: 387 - 428","Dai, D. Q., Phookamsak, R., Wijayawardene, N. N., Li, W. J., Bhat, D. J., Xu, J. C., Taylor, J. E., Hyde, K. D. & Chukeatirote (2017) Bambusicolous fungi. Fungal Diversity 82: 1 - 105.","Hyde, K. D., Norphanphoun, C., Abreu, V. P., Bazzicalupo, A., Chethana, K. W. T., Clericuzio, M., Dayarathne, M. C., Dissanayake, A. J., Ekanayaka, A. H., He, M. Q., Hongsanan, Q., Huang, S. K., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Karunarathna, A., Konta, S., Kusan, I., Lee, H., Li, J., Lin, C. G., Liu, N. G., Lu, Y. J., Luo, Z. L., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Perera, R. H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Siedlecki, I., Soares, A. M., Tennakoon, D. S., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D. N., Xiao, Y. P., Yang, J., Zeng, X. Y., Abdel-Aziz, F. A., Li, W. G., Senanayake, I. C., Shang, Q. J., Daranagama, D. A., Silva, N. D. I., Thambugala, K. M., Abdel- Wahab, M. A., Bahkali, A. H., Berbee, M. L., Boonmee, S., Bhat, D. J., Bulgakov, T. S., Buyck, B., Camporesi, E., Castaneda-Ruiz, R. F., Chomnunti, P., Doilom, M., Dovana, F., Gibertoni, T. B., Jadan, M., Jeewon, R., Jones, E. B. G., Kang, J. C., Karunarathna, S. C., Lim, Y. W., Liu, J. K., Liu, Z. Y., Plautz, H. L., Lumyong, S., Maharachchikumbura, S. S. N., Matocec, N., McKenzie, E. H. C., Mesic, A., Miller, D., Pawlowska, J., Pereira, O. L., Promputtha, I., Romero, A. I., Ryvarden, L., Su, H. Y., Suetrong, S., Tkalcec, Z., Vizzini, A., Wen, T. C., Wisitrassameewong, K., Wrzosek, M., Xu, J. C., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L. & Mortimer, P. E. (2018) Thailand's amazing diversity: Up to 96 % of fungi in northern Thailand may be novel. Fungal Diversity 93: 215 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0415 - 7"]}

Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. oioveliicola on Oiovelia machadoi (Hemiptera, Veliidae) from Brazil, L. termiticola on Macrotermes subhyalinus (Blattodea, Termitidae) from the DR Congo, Pluteus cutefractus from Slovenia, Rhizoglomus variabile from Peru, Russula phloginea from China, Stagonosporopsis flacciduvarum on Vitis vinifera from Italy, Strobilomyces huangshanensis from China, Uromyces klotzschianus on Rumex dentatus subsp. klotzschianus from Pakistan. The following new records are reported: Alternaria calendulae on Calendula officinalis from India; A. tenuissima on apple and quince fruits from Iran; Candelariella oleaginescens from Turkey; Didymella americana and D. calidophila on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing tip blight of Dianella tasmanica ‘variegata’ from India; Marasmiellus subpruinosus from Madeira, Portugal, new for Macaronesia and Africa; Mycena albidolilacea, M. tenuispinosa, and M. xantholeuca from Russia; Neonectria neomacrospora on Madhuca longifolia from India; Nothophoma quercina on Vitis vinifera from Italy; Plagiosphaera immersa on Urtica dioica from Austria; Rinodina sicula from Turkey; Sphaerosporium lignatile from Wisconsin, USA; and Verrucaria murina from Turkey. Multi-locus analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1 sequences revealed that P. immersa, commonly classified within Gnomoniaceae (Diaporthales) or as Sordariomycetes incertae sedis, belongs to Magnaporthaceae (Magnaporthales). Analysis of a six-locus Ascomycota-wide dataset including SSU and LSU sequences of S. lignatile revealed that this species, currently in Ascomycota incertae sedis, belongs to Pyronemataceae (Pezizomycetes, Pezizales).