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2. Disordered Tm3+,Ho3+-codoped CNGG garnet crystal: Towards efficient laser materials for ultrashort pulse generation at ∼2 μm

Author

Pan, Zhongben, Loiko, Pavel, Wang, Yicheng, Zhao, Yongguang, Yuan, Hualei, Tang, Kaiyang, Dai, Xiaojun, Cai, Huaqiang, Serres, Josep Maria, Slimi, Sami, Ben Salem, Ezzedine, Dunina, Elena, Kornienko, Alexey, Fomicheva, Liudmila, Doualan, Jean-Louis, Camy, Patrice, Chen, Weidong, Griebner, Uwe, Petrov, Valentin, Aguiló, Magdalena, Díaz, Francesc, Solé, Rosa Maria, and Mateos, Xavier

Published
2021
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3. Growth, Spectroscopy and Laser Operation of Tm3+,Li + -Codoped Ca3Ta1.5Ga3.5O12 -Type Disordered Garnet Crystal

Author

Francesc Díaz, Valentin Petrov, A. Alles, Yicheng Wang, Pavel Loiko, Magdalena Aguiló, Shawuti Yingming, Yongguang Zhao, Xavier Mateos, Josep Maria Serres, Uwe Griebner, Elena Dunina, Patrice Camy, Weidong Chen, Tang Kaiyang, Li Wang, Zhongben Pan, Alexey Kornienko, Rosa Maria Solé, Optique, Matériaux et Laser (OML), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Doping, Analytical chemistry, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Crystal, symbols.namesake, Thulium, chemistry, X-ray crystallography, symbols, Gallium, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Calcium niobium gallium garnet (CNGG) crystals doped with thulium (Tm 3+ ) ions possess disordered structure leading to inhomogeneously broadened emission bands which makes them attractive for generation of ultrashort pulses at ~2 μm [1] . The actual composition of CNGG deviates from the stoichiometry and cationic vacancies are present to ensure charge compensation. They can be eliminated by codoping with univalent alkali cations (Li + , Na + ). The related calcium tantalum gallium garnet (CTGG) shows better thermal properties than CNGG [2] . Here, we report on the growth, spectroscopy and first laser action in a Tm 3+ ,Li + -codoped CTGG (Tm:CLTGG) crystal.

Published
2021

4. Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal

Author

Alles, Adrian, primary, Pan, Zhongben, additional, Loiko, Pavel, additional, Serres, Josep Maria, additional, Slimi, Sami, additional, Yingming, Shawuti, additional, Tang, Kaiyang, additional, Wang, Yicheng, additional, Zhao, Yongguang, additional, Dunina, Elena, additional, Kornienko, Alexey, additional, Camy, Patrice, additional, Chen, Weidong, additional, Wang, Li, additional, Griebner, Uwe, additional, Petrov, Valentin, additional, Solé, Rosa Maria, additional, Aguiló, Magdalena, additional, Díaz, Francesc, additional, and Mateos, Xavier, additional

Published
2021
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5. Tm3+-doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Alles, Adrian; Pan, Zhongben; Loiko, Pavel; Serres, Josep Maria; Slimi, Sami; Yingming, Shawuti; Tang, Kaiyang; Wang, Yicheng; Zhao, Yongguang; Dunina, Elena; Kornienko, Alexey; Camy, Patrice; Chen, Weidong; Wang, Li; Griebner, Uwe; Petrov, Valentin; Sole, Rosa Maria; Aguilo, Magdalena; Diaz, Francesc; Mateos, Xavier, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Alles, Adrian; Pan, Zhongben; Loiko, Pavel; Serres, Josep Maria; Slimi, Sami; Yingming, Shawuti; Tang, Kaiyang; Wang, Yicheng; Zhao, Yongguang; Dunina, Elena; Kornienko, Alexey; Camy, Patrice; Chen, Weidong; Wang, Li; Griebner, Uwe; Petrov, Valentin; Sole, Rosa Maria; Aguilo, Magdalena; Diaz, Francesc; Mateos, Xavier

Abstract

We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at similar to 2 mu m - a Tm3+, Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr . la (3) over bard, a = 12.5158(0) angstrom) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm(-1) K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Omega(2) = 5.185, Omega(4) = 0.650, Omega(6) = 1.068 [10(-20) cm(2)] and alpha = 0.171 [10(-4) cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at similar to 2 mu m with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 mu m and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

Published
2021

6. Disordered Tm3+,Ho3+-codoped CNGG garnet crystal: Towards efficient laser materials for ultrashort pulse generation at ∼2 μm

Author

Magdalena Aguiló, Francesc Díaz, Xavier Mateos, Hualei Yuan, Patrice Camy, Pavel Loiko, Jean-Louis Doualan, Huaqiang Cai, Elena Dunina, Uwe Griebner, Alexey Kornienko, Sami Slimi, Yicheng Wang, Rosa Maria Solé, Ezzedine Ben Salem, Josep Maria Serres, Valentin Petrov, Tang Kaiyang, Zhongben Pan, Xiaojun Dai, Weidong Chen, Liudmila Fomicheva, Yongguang Zhao, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Crystal, law, Materials Chemistry, Gallium, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Mechanical Engineering, Slope efficiency, Metals and Alloys, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Femtosecond, Continuous wave, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We report on the growth, structure refinement, optical spectroscopy, continuous wave and femtosecond mode-locked laser operation of a Tm3+,Ho3+-codoped disordered calcium niobium gallium garnet (CNGG) crystal. The 2.64 at.% Tm, 0.55 at.% Ho:CNGG is grown by the Czochralski method. Its cubic structure, sp. gr. I a 3 ¯ d - O10h, a = 12.4952(1) A, is refined by the Rietveld method revealing a random distribution of Ga3+ and Nb5+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The Ho3+ transition probabilities are determined within the Judd-Ofelt theory accounting for an intermediate configuration interaction (ICI). For the 5I7 → 5I8 Ho3+ transition, the maximum stimulated-emission cross-section σSE is 0.47 × 10−20 cm2 at 2080.7 nm. The gain bandwidth of Tm,Ho:CNGG at ∼2 μm is > 150 nm and the thermal equilibrium decay time - 6.80 ms. The Tm3+ ↔ Ho3+ energy transfer parameters are determined. A diode-pumped Tm,Ho:CNGG microchip laser generated 413 mW at 2088.4 nm with a slope efficiency of 15.9%. A continuous wavelength tuning between 1940.3 and 2144.6 nm is demonstrated. Ultrashort pulses as short as 73 fs are achieved at 2061 nm from a Tm,Ho:CNGG laser mode-locked by a GaSb semiconductor saturable absorber mirror at a repetition rate of 89.3 MHz.

Published
2021

7. Evaluation of Growth, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Properties of Er3+-Doped CLNGG Crystals for Use in 2.7 μm Laser

Author

Tang Kaiyang, Zhongben Pan, Jinggang Gai, and Shawuti Yingming

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 01 natural sciences, Ion, 010309 optics, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystal, Lattice constant, 0103 physical sciences, Er:CLNGG crystal, lcsh:QD901-999, General Materials Science, spectroscopic properties, Gallium, Doping, thermal properties, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Lithium, lcsh:Crystallography, 0210 nano-technology, 2.7 μm laser, Powder diffraction
Abstract

A series of optical-quality Er3+-doped calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet (CLNGG) single crystals with different Er3+ ion concentration (10, 15 and 30 at.%) has been grown by the Czochralski method. A comparative study of their structure, thermal, and spectroscopic properties is performed. Crystal structure was analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and refined by the Rietveld method, results showing that the Er:CLNGG crystal possesses a cubic structure with space group Iad, and the lattice constants decrease linearly as the Er3+ concentration increase. The complete set of thermal properties were systematically studied for the first time. It has been found that all the thermal conductivities increase with temperature, indicating a glass-like behavior. Effect of Er3+ concentration on spectroscopic properties of Er:CLNGG crystals was studied. Results show that with the Er3+ concentration increase, the NIR fluorescence around 1600 nm weakens, while the Mid-IR fluorescence intensity around 2700 nm strengthens. Fluorescence lifetime of 4I13/2 decreased faster than that of 4I11/2 with the Er3+ concentration increase, which is beneficial for surmounting the “bottleneck” effect to achieve 2.7 μm laser. All the results show that CLNGG crystal with high Er3+ concentration is a potential candidate for the 2.7 μm laser.

Published
2021
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8. Tm 3+ -doped calcium lithium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG): novel laser crystal

Author

Adrian Alles, Patrice Camy, Josep Maria Serres, Uwe Griebner, Francesc Díaz, Elena Dunina, Magdalena Aguiló, Xavier Mateos, Sami Slimi, Li Wang, Valentin Petrov, Tang Kaiyang, Zhongben Pan, Yicheng Wang, Weidong Chen, Pavel Loiko, Shawuti Yingming, Yongguang Zhao, Rosa Maria Solé, Alexey Kornienko, Optique, Matériaux et Laser (OML), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University (JSNU), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Tantalum, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Crystal, symbols.namesake, law, 0103 physical sciences, Gallium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Slope efficiency, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Lithium, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

We report on the development of a novel laser crystal with broadband emission properties at ∼2 µm – a Tm3+,Li+-codoped calcium tantalum gallium garnet (Tm:CLTGG). The crystal is grown by the Czochralski method. Its structure (cubic, sp. gr. I a 3 ¯ d , a = 12.5158(0) Å) is refined by the Rietveld method. Tm:CLTGG exhibits a relatively high thermal conductivity of 4.33 Wm-1K-1. Raman spectroscopy confirms a weak concentration of vacancies due to the charge compensation provided by Li+ codoping. The transition probabilities of Tm3+ ions are determined using the modified Judd-Ofelt theory yielding the intensity parameters Ω2 = 5.185, Ω4 = 0.650, Ω6 = 1.068 [10−20 cm2] and α = 0.171 [10−4 cm]. The crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ multiplets is revealed at 10 K. The first diode-pumped Tm:CLTGG laser generates 1.08 W at ∼2 µm with a slope efficiency of 23.8%. The Tm3+ ions in CLTGG exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral broadening due to the structure disorder (a random distribution of Ta5+ and Ga3+ cations over octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites) leading to smooth and broad gain profiles (bandwidth: 130 nm) extending well above 2 µm and rendering Tm:CLTGG suitable for femtosecond pulse generation.

Published
2021

13. RhMYC2 controls petal size through synergistic regulation of jasmonic acid and cytokinin signaling in rose.

Author

Gong, Feifei, Jing, Weikun, Jin, Weichan, Liu, Huwei, Zhang, Yuanfei, Wang, Rui, Wei, Yinghao, Tang, Kaiyang, Jiang, Yunhe, Gao, Junping, and Sun, Xiaoming

Subjects
*CELL division, *JASMONIC acid, *MORPHOGENESIS, *GENE expression, *FLOWER development
Abstract

SUMMARY Petal size is determined by cell division and cell expansion. Jasmonic acid (JA) has been reported to be associated with floral development, but its regulatory mechanism affecting petal size remains unclear. Here, we reveal the vital role of JA in regulating petal size and the duration of the cell division phase via the key JA signaling component RhMYC2. We show that RhMYC2 expression is induced by exogenous treatment with methyl jasmonate and decreases from stage 0 to stage 2 of flower organ development, corresponding to the cell division phase. Furthermore, silencing RhMYC2 shortened the duration of the cell division phase, ultimately accelerating flowering opening and resulting in smaller petals. In addition, we determined that RhMYC2 controls cytokinin homeostasis in rose petals by directly activating the expression of the cytokinin biosynthetic gene LONELY GUY3 (RhLOG3) and repressing that of the cytokinin catabolism gene CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE6 (RhCKX6). Silencing RhLOG3 shortened the duration of the cell division period and produced smaller petals, similar to RhMYC2 silencing. Our results underscore the synergistic effects of JA and cytokinin in regulating floral development, especially for petal size in roses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Evaluation of Growth, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Properties of Er 3+ -Doped CLNGG Crystals for Use in 2.7 μm Laser.

Author

Tang, Kaiyang, Yingming, Shawuti, Gai, Jinggang, Pan, Zhongben, and Chuang, Chiashain

Subjects
CRYSTALS, X-ray powder diffraction, RIETVELD refinement, LASERS, SINGLE crystals, FIBER lasers
Abstract

A series of optical-quality Er3+-doped calcium lithium niobium gallium garnet (CLNGG) single crystals with different Er3+ ion concentration (10, 15 and 30 at.%) has been grown by the Czochralski method. A comparative study of their structure, thermal, and spectroscopic properties is performed. Crystal structure was analyzed with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and refined by the Rietveld method, results showing that the Er:CLNGG crystal possesses a cubic structure with space group Ia 3 ¯ d, and the lattice constants decrease linearly as the Er3+ concentration increase. The complete set of thermal properties were systematically studied for the first time. It has been found that all the thermal conductivities increase with temperature, indicating a glass-like behavior. Effect of Er3+ concentration on spectroscopic properties of Er:CLNGG crystals was studied. Results show that with the Er3+ concentration increase, the NIR fluorescence around 1600 nm weakens, while the Mid-IR fluorescence intensity around 2700 nm strengthens. Fluorescence lifetime of 4I13/2 decreased faster than that of 4I11/2 with the Er3+ concentration increase, which is beneficial for surmounting the "bottleneck" effect to achieve 2.7 μm laser. All the results show that CLNGG crystal with high Er3+ concentration is a potential candidate for the 2.7 μm laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. Cytokinin-responsive RhRR1-RhSCL28 transcription factor module positively regulates petal size by promoting cell division in rose.

Author

Jin W, Gong F, Zhang Y, Wang R, Liu H, Wei Y, Tang K, Jiang Y, Gao J, and Sun X

Abstract

Petal size, a crucial trait in the economically important ornamental rose (Rosa hybrida), is synergistically regulated by cell division and cell expansion. Cell division primarily occurs during the early development of petals. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of petal size is far from clear. In this study, we isolated the transcription factor gene RhSCL28, which is highly expressed at the early stage of rose petal development and is induced by cytokinin. Silencing RhSCL28 resulted in a reduced final petal size and reduced cell number in rose petals. Further analysis showed that RhSCL28 participates in the regulation of cell division by positively regulating the expression of the cyclin genes RhCYCA1;1 and RhCYCB1;2. To explore the potential mechanism for cytokinin-mediated regulation of RhSCL28 expression, we investigated the cytokinin response factor RhRR1 and determined that it positively regulates RhSCL28 expression. Like RhSCL28, silencing RhRR1 also resulted in smaller petals by decreasing cell number. Taken together, these results reveal that the RhRR1-RhSCL28 module positively regulates petal size by promoting cell division in rose., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
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