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BackgroundOnline consumer health information addresses health problems, self-care, disease prevention, and health care services and is intended for the general public. Using this information, people can improve their knowledge, participation in health decision-making, and health. However, there are no comprehensive instruments to evaluate the value of health information from a consumer perspective. ObjectiveWe collaborated with information providers to develop and validate the Information Assessment Method for all (IAM4all) that can be used to collect feedback from information consumers (including patients), and to enable a two-way knowledge translation between information providers and consumers. MethodsContent validation steps were followed to develop the IAM4all questionnaire. The first version was based on a theoretical framework from information science, a critical literature review and prior work. Then, 16 laypersons were interviewed on their experience with online health information and specifically their impression of the IAM4all questionnaire. Based on the summaries and interpretations of interviews, questionnaire items were revised, added, and excluded, thus creating the second version of the questionnaire. Subsequently, a panel of 12 information specialists and 8 health researchers participated in an online survey to rate each questionnaire item for relevance, clarity, representativeness, and specificity. The result of this expert panel contributed to the third, current, version of the questionnaire. ResultsThe current version of the IAM4all questionnaire is structured by four levels of outcomes of information seeking/receiving: situational relevance, cognitive impact, information use, and health benefits. Following the interviews and the expert panel survey, 9 questionnaire items were confirmed as relevant, clear, representative, and specific. To improve readability and accessibility for users with a lower level of literacy, 19 items were reworded and all inconsistencies in using a passive or active voice have been solved. One item was removed due to redundancy. The current version of the IAM4all questionnaire contains 28 items. ConclusionsWe developed and content validated the IAM4all in partnership with information providers, information specialists, researchers and representatives of information consumers. This questionnaire can be integrated within electronic knowledge resources to stimulate users’ reflection (eg, their intention to use information). We claim that any organization (eg, publishers, community organizations, or patient associations), can evaluate and improve their online consumer health information from a consumers’ perspective using this method.

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Mixed methods (MM) involve combining qualitative (QUAL) and quantitative (QUAN) methods in program evaluation, primary research, and literature reviews. MM are being increasingly used in health and social sciences (in multiple fields and in an inter-field manner). Over the years, several strategies to integrate QUAL and QUAN phases, results, and data have been proposed. For MM teachers, one of the challenges is to explain specific MM strategies and their combinations, find current illustrative examples for trainees, and identify emerging innovative MM strategies. Our project is aimed at identifying and measuring the importance of facilitators and barriers associated with the implementation of an innovative cross-disciplinary monitoring of the research literature: the Collaborative eBibliography on Mixed Methods (CeBoMM). Results will facilitate CeBoMM implementation, and can contribute to MM teaching and learning, thereby, helping MM teachers and their trainees worldwide. Ultimately, CeBoMM can be adapted to be used by teachers in other academic areas and those interested in collaborative information monitoring.

The Information Assessment Method (IAM) is unique, theory-driven, and validated by and for different audiences. Based on a theoretical model of information outcomes, the IAM questionnaire is organized in four levels: situational relevance, cognitive impact, use, and health outcomes of information. To evaluate health information, the IAM questionnaire has been used as an outcome measure providing feedback from the viewpoint of information users, who are clinicians, managers, patients or the public. The IAM stimulates the user to rate specific health information content online (e.g., on a webpage), thereby capturing their reflection (e.g., reflective learning) and feedback. Subsequently, ratings and comments can be used by information providers to improve their content.

Collective intelligence is shared or group intelligence that emerges from collaborative effort. We propose to harness collective intelligence through the specific tasks of producing and sharing constructive comments on synopses of clinical research, disseminated to a national community of physician members of the Canadian Medical Association. This proposal uses the power of many to bring the collective wisdom and resources of a community of physicians back to the individual. Building on an active program of continuing education to raise awareness of synopses of new clinical research for physicians, we describe the characteristics of a new system to be built upon an existing web platform. This new platform will offer physicians an opportunity to read and share their comments on Patient Oriented Evidence that Matters (POEMs), with other physicians, which will stimulate collective intelligence. In turn, this will further benefit the education of these physicians and help to improve the decisions they make in everyday clinical practice. Knowing about this endeavour may be of benefit to the community of information professionals in multiple fields, who seek to improve their use of evidence-based abstracts of scientific publications and experience-based (information users' comments) information in their daily work.

Central spin models provide an idealized description of interactions between a central degree of freedom and a mesoscopic environment of surrounding spins. We show that the family of models with a spin-1 at the center and XX interactions of arbitrary strength with surrounding spins is integrable. Specifically, we derive an extensive set of conserved quantities and obtain the exact eigenstates using the Bethe ansatz. As in the homogenous limit, the states divide into two exponentially large classes: bright states, in which the spin-1 is entangled with its surroundings, and dark states, in which it is not. On resonance, the bright states further break up into two classes depending on their weight on states with central spin polarization zero. These classes are probed in quench dynamics wherein they prevent the central spin from reaching thermal equilibrium. In the single spin-flip sector we explicitly construct the bright states and show that the central spin exhibits oscillatory dynamics as a consequence of the semilocalization of these eigenstates. We relate the integrability to the closely related class of integrable Richardson-Gaudin models, and conjecture that the spin-$s$ central spin XX model is integrable for any $s$.

Copyright of Plastic Surgery is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the current standard of care for large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, up to two-thirds of EVT patients have poor functional outcomes despite successful reperfusion. Many radiological markers have been studied as predictive biomarkers for patient outcomes in AIS. This study seeks to determine which clinico-radiological factors are associated with outcomes of interest to aid selection of patients for EVT for LVO AIS. Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent EVT from 2016 to 2020 was performed. Data on various radiological variables, such as anatomical parameters, clot characteristics, collateral status, and infarct size, were collected alongside traditional demographic and clinical variables. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed for the primary outcomes of functional independence at 3 months post-stroke (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and secondary outcomes of in-hospital mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results: The study cohort comprised 325 consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO AIS (54.5% male) with a median age of 68 years (interquartile range 57–76). The median NIHSS was 19. Age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Alberta mCTA score, ASPECTS, clot length, thrombus HU and mTICI score and the angle between ICA and CCA were associated with functional outcomes at 3 months on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, age, Alberta mCTA collaterals and NIHSS were significantly associated with functional outcomes, while ASPECTS approached significance. Conclusion: Among the many proposed radiological markers for patients in the hyperacute setting undergoing EVT, the existing well-validated clinico-radiological measures remain strongly associated with functional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]