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The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test is standard screening test that detects cervical lesions and cancers. In this multicentric study, we performed a retrospective analysis of cytologic results associated with atypical glandular cells-not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS).We retrospectively reviewed Pap smear tests resulted as "atypical glandular cells-not otherwise specified". A total of 254 women who underwent colposcopy due to a Pap smear result of AGC-NOS were included the study between 2003 and 2021. The ages, Pap smear results, HPV results if any, colposcopic biopsy results, endocervical and endometrial pathology results and management of these patients were analayzed.Two hundred fifty-four patients with AGC-NOS Pap smear result were included in the study. A total of 70 (27.6%) patients had cervical and endometrial premalignant or malignant lesions. Malignancy was observed in 17 (6.7%) patients (endometrium; n: 11 (4.3%) and cervix; n: 6 (2.4%)). Isolated premalign or malign lesions of cervix and endometrium were detected in 57 (22.4%) and 12 (4.7%) patients, respectively.Patients diagnosed with AGC-NOS should undergo a careful evaluation with all its clinicopathological features. Because the cancer of the cervix and endometrium is not rare in patients diagnosed with AGC-NOS, colposcopic examination with endocervical sampling should be a priority based on a cervicovaginal smear. Endometrial sampling is also required according to the patient's clinic, age and examination characteristics.

Makroekonomik değişkenlerin ve sermaye yapısının Türkiye’de banka kârlılığı üzerindeki etkisini sistem GMM yöntemiyle inceleyen bu çalışma hem küresel kriz hem de Covid-19 salgınının etkilerini de analize dahil ederek literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Sağlıklı ve iyi işleyen bir bankacılık sisteminin ekonomik faaliyetlerin devamı açısından son derece önemli bir rol oynadığı bilinmektedir. Ampirik bulgular 2002-2020 döneminde faiz dışı gelir, faaliyet giderleri ve döviz kurunun banka kârlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkide bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, bazı tahminlerde enflasyonun kârlılığı negatif etkilediği, ekonomik büyümenin ise önemli olmadığı sonucuna varılmaktadır. Kamu, özel veya yabancı sermayeli olmanın banka kârlılığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Benzer şekilde, hem 2009 küresel finansal kriz hem de Covid-19 salgını için oluşturulan kukla değişkenler de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Veri seti 2002-2009 ve 2010-2020 olarak ikiye bölündüğünde banka kârlılığını anlamlı biçimde etkileyen değişkenlerin farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Genel olarak makroekonomik istikrarın sağlanmasının banka kârlılığı bakımından önemli olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Using cointegration approach and Augmented Phillips Curve framework, this study examines the effects of changes in the global oil prices on the inflation rate for five CEE countries between 1994 and 2018. Our research indicates the existence of cointegration for Czechia, Poland and Slovakia. We find a positive relationship between changes of oil prices and the inflation rate in Poland in the long run. Additionally, it seems that the changes in oil prices impact the inflation rate in the long run for Czechia, Hungary and Poland. In a non-linear model framework cointegration is found in Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. Our findings suggest that changes in oil prices significantly affect the inflation rate in Czechia, Hungary and Poland in the long-run and in all countries in the short-run. More importantly, we demonstrate that the short- and long-run asymmetries play a significant role in explaining the dynamics of the inflation rate.

Using System Generalized Method of Moments and data for 23 deposit banks over the period 2002-2020 this study aims to investigate the bank-specific and macroeconomic determinants of non-performing loans in Turkey. For a well-functioning banking system, it is important to understand the empirical determinants of non-performing loans. In this context, we particularly focus on the effects of global financial crisis, Covid-19 pandemic, and bank ownership structure on non-performing loans. To provide additional insights, we divide our sample into two as the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. Our results indicate that both bank-specific and macroeconomic factors play a significant role in explaining the non-performing loans. Moreover, we find a negative impact of Covid-19 pandemic while there is no evidence for any significant impact of the last global financial crisis. More interesting is to note that bank ownership structure does not exert any significant effect on non-performing loans. Furthermore, the determinants of non-performing loans greatly differ in pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. We think that a sound banking and financial system would play a decisive role for allocating financial resources and thus supporting macroeconomic stability.

In this retrospective study, patients with epithelial gynaecologic cancer with pulmonary recurrence (PR) were evaluated from five national gynaecologic oncology clinics. Patients with a diagnosis of primary endometrial, ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal, cervical or vaginal/vulvar tumours who developed an initial PR were included in the study A total of 122 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up time after recurrence was 7.5 (range, 1-84) months. The 2-year PRS was 48% in the main cohort. The risk of death was more than seven times higher in patients who did not receive salvage chemotherapy compared with those who did (hazard ratio: 7.6, 95% CI: 3.0-18.9

PurposeThe study evaluates the effects of GVC participation on firm productivity and profitability. Hence this study aims to find evidence whether there is a clear difference between the productivity and profitability effects of simple and complex backward and forward participations for Turkish firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a firm level data from the Türkiye's both first and second top 500 industrial enterprises from 1993 to 2019. In addition, the authors calculate country-sector level both backward and forward GVC participation indices with their simple and complex sub-indices for each year from 1990 to 2015 from the Full Eora data of the Eora Global Supply Chain Database. The authors estimate the model with OLS and fixed effects. To understand the role of the 2008 global crisis, the authors also undertake estimations for the pre-crisis and post-crisis. The authors also divide the data by R&D intensity of sectors.FindingsWhile backward GVC participation lowers both labor productivity and profitability growth, forward GVC participation promotes both. Moreover, simple and complex backward participation have similarly negative effects on productivity and profitability growth, simple and complex forward participation have the completely opposite effects though. The authors then provide substantial evidence for the differing effects of participation on productivity and profitability growth between pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. Interestingly, backward participation has a negative impact for both hi-tech and low-tech firms while forward participation boosts the productivity growth only for low-tech firms, probably due to the relatively more upstream position of low-tech firms.Originality/valueTo the best of the knowledge, no previous study has yet examined the profitability effects of GVC for firms. Second, in addition to overall backward and forward GVC participation rates, the authors also calculate and utilize simple and complex GVC measures in the estimations. Third, to reveal whether the global financial crisis leads to a shift in the productivity and profitability effects of GVCs, the authors separately run the regressions for the pre- and post-crisis periods. Fourth, the authors then investigate the argument that hi-tech sectors/firms could benefit more from joining GVCs compared to firms in low-tech technology sectors.

Aim: The aim of this study is evaluating the predictive value of preoperative inflammatory blood parameters for differential of serous cystadenoma, serous borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and high-grade serous ovarian (HGSOC) carcinoma. Materials and Method: In this single-center study, we retrospectively enrolled 370 patients with ovarian tumors were divided into three groups. The groups were classified as serous cystadenoma, serous BOT and HGSOC. The potential association of preoperative hemoglobin (Hb), red cell distribution width (RDW), Hb/RDW ratio, ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (N/L) and ratio of platelets to lymphocytes (P/L) were analyzed. Results: P/L and N/L were significantly lower in benign serous cystadenoma or serous BOT than HGSOC (p

Özet Amaç: Jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilen hastalarda, hastaların operasyon öncesinde kullandığı ilaç sayısı ve potansiyel uygunsuz ilaç kullanımının yoğun bakım yatış süresiyle ilişkili olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Gereçler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 2020 Haziran ve 2022 Aralık tarihleri arasında Ankara Bilkent Şehir Hastanesi Jinekolojik Onkoloji Cerrahisi Kliniği’nde endometrium, over, serviks ve diğer jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilen ve operasyon sonrasında en az 24 saat yoğun bakımda takip edilen hastalar, retrospektif olarak dahil edilmiştir. Polifarmasi, 5 ve üzerinde ilaç kullanımı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı için Türkiye Yaşlıda Uygunsuz İlaç Kullanım Kriterleri (TIME-to-STOP, TIME-to-START) kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 253 hasta dahil edilmiştir. 220 (%87) hasta endometrium kanseri, 25 (%9.9) hasta over kanseri, 2 (%0.8) hasta serviks kanseri, 6 (%2.4) hastada diğer jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilip yoğun bakımda postoperatif takip edilmiştir. Hastalar postoperatif dönemde yoğun bakımda 2 gün (aralık; 1-21 gün) takip edilmiştir. Polifarmasi 34 (%13.4) hastada, potansiyel uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı ise 83 (%32.8) hastada bulunmuştur. Yoğun bakım yatış süresi ve ilaç sayısı arasında pozitif bir korelasyon izlenmiştir (r=0.142; p=0.024). Çok değişkenli regresyon analizinde, ilaç sayısı (OR:1.228 %95 CI:1.034-1.460, p=0.020) diğer tüm nedenlerden bağımsız olarak yoğun bakımda yatış süresiyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Jinekolojik kanserler nedeniyle opere edilen ve post operatif dönemde yoğun bakımda takip edilen hastalarda, polifarmasi yatış süresiyle ilişkilidir. Hastaların yoğun bakım kalış sürelerini ön görmek için her hastada, hastaların yatış öncesi ko-morbiditeleri ve ilaç kullanımlarını değerlendirmek anahtar noktalardan biridir.

Bu çalışmada 2007:1-2022:1 donemi verileri ve ARDL yaklaşımı kullanılarak Türkiye’de tüketici kredilerinin cari denge üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle toplam tüketici kredilerinin etkisi ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra tüketici kredilerinin bileşenleri olan konut, taşıt ve ihtiyaç kredilerinin cari denge üzerindeki etkileri önce ayrı ayrı sonra aynı model kapsamında analiz edilmektedir. Tahmin sonuçları tüm modellerde ilgili değişkenler arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Buna karşın toplam tüketici kredilerinin cari açık üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmektedir. Benzer şekilde modele ayrı ayrı dahil edildiklerinde konut, taşıt ve ihtiyaç kredilerinin uzun dönemde cari denge üzerinde anlamlı bir etkide bulunmadıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Diğer yandan konut, taşıt ve ihtiyaç kredilerinin birlikte yer aldığı model tahminlerine göre taşıt ve konut kredilerinin cari dengeyi etkilediği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Buna göre taşıt ve konut kredilerindeki artış cari dengede bozulmaya yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca, tahmin sonuçlarımız ikiz açıklar hipotezinin incelenen dönemde geçerli olduğunu, ekonomik büyümede bir artışın cari dengeyi olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir. Son olarak bazı tahminlerde reel döviz kurundaki değişikliklerin cari denge üzerinde anlamlı bir etkide bulunduğu görülmektedir.

To identify prognostic factors of early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma in patients with FIGO IB-IIA, who were treated with radical surgery.Clinical data of 64 patients with stage IB-IIA cervical adenocarcinoma who underwent radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy with or without adjuvant therapy between 1993 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathologic factors that affect the oncological outcomes were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the assessment of survival outcomes. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test.The 5-year recurrence-free survival and 5-year disease-specific survivals were 83% and 98%, respectively. Tumor size, stage of disease and uterine spread were significantly related prognostic factors for shorter recurrence-free survival. During the follow-up, nine (14.1%) patients recurred. Five of them were extrapelvic recurrence. No correlation was identified between histopathologic subtype and extrapelvic recurrence (p = 0.265). There was no difference between adjuvant only radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy on recurrence-free survival in a univariate analysis adjusting for prognostic factors.It is important to determine the prognostic factors that predict disease outcome in surgically treated cervical adenocarcinoma for tailored adjuvant treatment. Tumor size, stage and uterine spread are determinant factors for recurrence. Risk stratifications, including uterine spread may especially be useful for patients with AC.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological features and oncological outcomes of Brenner tumors (BT).Evaluation was performed on the data of 46 patients with BTs retrieved from the oncology clinic database and pathology reports between 2005 and 2020.The median (range) age of the patients was 52 (22-75) years. Median (range) tumor size was 52.5 (5.0-300) mm. The tumor was benign in 37 (80.4%), borderline in one (2.2%), and malignant in the remaining eight (17.4%). Ten (21.7%) of the tumors were detected incidentally. Mixed tumor, BT plus another ovarian pathology, was found in 13 (28.2%). Recurrence developed in 2/8 (25%) with malignant BT (MBT). The stage of these patients was 3C, and both received chemotherapy after surgery.BTs are rare and generally detected incidentally. MBTs are treated in the same way as epithelial tumors. Due to the rarity of these tumors, lymphadenectomy and optimal chemotherapy regimens are controversial issues.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the clinico-pathological patient features, prognostic factors, treatment options and outcomes of peripheral nodal recurrence (PNR) of endometrial cancer (EC). Material and methods The data of 9 patients with PNR of EC from two institutions were reviewed. The electronic literature was reviewed from 1972 to May 2018 to identify articles about PNR in EC. Finally, 42 cases were evaluated. Results 19 (45.2%) patients were initially diagnosed with either stage I or II disease, whereas 20 (47.7%) patients had stage III or IV disease. The stages were not reported in 3 patients. PNR developed as the first recurrence in 40 (95.2%) patients and as the second recurrence in 2 (4.8%) patients. Isolated PNR appeared in 35 (83.3%) patients. Seven (16.7%) patients had PNR coexisting with multiple other sites of tumoral involvement. In the entire cohort, the 5-year and 10-year post-recurrence survival (PRS) were both 78%. Only the presence of distant hematogenous metastasis concurrent with PNR was significantly related to poor PRS (p=0.005). Among patients with isolated PNR, those who had surgery had 30% higher 5-year PRS than those treated without surgery, however, this difference was not found as statistically significant (80% vs. 50%; p>0.05). Conclusion A concurrent distant hematogenous metastasis was the only factor related to poor survival. A wide range of therapies exist for PNR but none of the therapies appear to be more advantageous over others. However, surgery as a component of treatment can render a survival advantage for patients who have isolated PNR.

Hakkında çok az bilgiye ulaşılabilen Ara Nesil şairi Abdülkerim Hadi’nin üç şiir kitabı yayımlanmıştır: Aheng-i Sürûr, Bir Müteverrimenin Nevha-i Meyusânesi ve Gözyaşlarım. Bu şiir kitaplarından biri olan Bir Müteverrimenin Meyusânesi aşk acısından verem olan bir kadının şiiridir. Romantizm ve Abdülhak Hâmid şiirinin etkilerinin yoğun olduğu bu şiir, bir bütün halinde gösterge-biçembilim aracılığıyla incelenebilir. Bilindiği üzere biçembilim, yineleme, önceleme, sapma, koşutluk vb. kavramlarla metni daha çok anlatısallık düzeyinde kalarak çözümlemeye çalışır. Gösterge-biçembilim ise yine anlatısallık düzeyini biçembilimin söz konusu kavramları ışığında ele almakla birlikte söylemsellik düzeyini de incelemenin bir parçası hâline getirir ve göstergebilimin kavramsal alanından yararlanmayı tercih eder. Böylece biçem ve anlam bir arada çözümlenebilir. Bu çalışmada Abdülkerim Hadi’nin eseri göstege-biçembilim yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. İlk olarak anlatısallık düzeyinde önceleme, koşutluk, yineleme kavramlarından yararlanılarak şiirin biçemi ortaya konulmuştur. 29 birime ayrılan şiirde ilk olarak ses yinelemeleri üzerinde durulmuş ve şiirde kullanılan sözcüklerin kökenleri belirlenmiştir. Ardından öncelemeye neden olan ses yinelemeleri belirlenmiş, ses yinelemelerinin anlama olan katkısı üzerinde de durularak biçimbirimsel yinelemeler de incelenmiştir. Biçimbirimsel yinelemeler bağlamında özellikle ek yinelemeleri üzerinde durulmuş ve birtakım ek yinelemelerinin anlamı öncelediği tespit edilmiştir. Söylemsellik düzeyinde ise göstergbilimin göstergebilimsel dörtgenden, yerdeşlik ve eyleyenler örnekçesi gibi kuramsal yaklaşımlarından da hareketle şiirin anlam yapısı ve dönemindeki yeri ortaya konulmuştur.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with pure ovarian immature teratomas (POITs). Materials and Methods: In this multicenter study, a retrospective review was made of the databases of six Gynecology Oncology Departments in Turkey to identify patients with POITs who had undergone surgery between 1993 and 2019. Results: Evaluation was made of 48 patients with a median age at diagnosis of 22.5 years (range, 15-37 years). In 40 (83%) patients, stage I was determined and in eight patients, an advanced stage (IIIB, IIIC, and IVB) was determined. Tumors were found to be grade I in 17 (35.4%) cases, grade II in 12 (25%), and grade III in 19 (39.6%). Fertility-sparing surgery was applied to 42 (87.5%) patients and radical surgery to 6 (12.5%). The median follow-up was 60 months (range, 3-246 months). Recurrence was seen in seven patients, all with grade III tumors. In the final pathological examination of recurrent tumors, mature teratoma was reported in five patients, and immature teratoma in one patient. Salvage surgery was not performed in one patient as the tumor was unresectable and so a regimen of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) was administered. Conclusion: POITs are rare tumors seen at a young age, and benign or malignant relapse can be seen in these tumors. In this cohort, the malignant recurrence rate was 4.1%, and the benign recurrence rate was 10.4%. All the recurrences were in grade III tumors. Benign recurrences can be treated with surgery alone and the malignant group should be treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy.

Türk edebiyatının yenileşmesi ve gelişmesiyle birlikte yeni yazınsal türler ortaya çıkmıştır. Fransız edebiyatının etkisiyle Türk edebiyatında ortaya çıkan mensur şiir, bu türlerden biridir. Mensur şiir özellikle Mehmed Celâl, Mustafa Reşid, Halid Ziya ve Mehmet Rauf gibi isimlerin eserleriyle 19. yüzyılda gelişim göstermiş ve pek çok araştırmacı tarafından incelenmiştir. Türk romanının en önemli isimlerinden biri olan Halid Ziya’nın Mensur Şiirler ve Mezardan Sesler adlı eserleri de bu bağlamda önemlidir. Bu çalışmada romantik bir bakış açısının hâkim olduğu Halid Ziya’nın Mensur Şiirler adlı eseri incelenmiştir. Ancak eser, anlambilim ve göstergebilimin kavramsal alanından hareketle ele alınmıştır. Bu noktada büyük ölçüde Greimas’ın görüşleri takip edilmiş ve Mensur Şiirler’de yer alan anlamsal yapılar şu temel karşıtlıklar aracılığıyla ortaya konulmuştur: Yaşam/ölüm, geçmiş/bugün, hayal/hakikat, kır/kent, ses/sessizlik, yer/gök, aydınlık/karanlık ve hareket/durgunluk. Söz konusu temel karşıtlıkların belirlenmesinin ardından, Mensur Şiirler’den örnekler aracılığıyla anlamsal yapıların nasıl oluşturulduğu ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors for and determine the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on oncologic outcome in stage IVB pure serous endometrial carcinoma patients who received taxane and platinum. Forty-two patients with 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IVB uterine serous carcinoma were enrolled from six gynecologic oncology centers and a study group was created. The study group had a 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 32% and 2-year disease-specific survival (DSS) of 73%. On univariate analysis; lymphadenectomy (not performed vs. performed), paraaortic lymph node metastasis (positive vs. negative) and number of metastatic lymph node count (≤5 vs.5) were found to have statistical significance for DFS (

Objective: To define the factors that determine survival after extrapelvic recurrence in patients with endometrioid type endometrial cancer (EC).objective Materials and methods: Clinicopathological and survival data of surgically treated endometrioid type EC patients who recurred outside pelvis were reviewed. Patients who had non-endometrioid tumor, sarcomatous component in the final pathology and synchronous tumor were excluded. The period from surgery to recurrence was defined as time to recurrence (TTR) and the period from recurrence to death or last visit was defined as post-recurrence survival (PRS). Results: Sixty-six patients with extrapelvic recurrence were included in the study. No residual disease was achieved in all patients at initial surgery. Median TTR was 18 months (range, 2–84). Recurrence developed within 1 year in 24 (36.4%) patients and between 13 and 24 months in 22 (33.3%) patients. Fifty-three of 66 patients (80.3%) had extraabdominal recurrence. The 2-year PRS of the all cohort with extrapelvic recurrence was 56%. In the univariate analysis, advanced FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, adnexal metastasis and short TTR were associated with diminished PRS (p

Objective To define the relationship of tumor size with surgico-pathological factors and oncological outcome in FIGO 2014 stage IB cervical cancer. Methods This study retrospectively evaluated 384 FIGO 2014 Stage IB cervical cancer patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Tumor size was stratified according to 2 cm (≤ 2cm, 2-≤4 cm, >4 cm) and 4 cm (≤4 cm, >4 cm), and the relationship with poor prognostic factors, and the effects on survival were examined. The distribution of prognostic factors was compared between three subgroups: ≤2 cm vs. 2-≤4 cm; 2-≤4 cm vs. > 4 cm and ≤ 2 cm vs. > 4 cm. Survival rate was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results Stratification of tumor size according to 4 cm was found to better determine pelvic lymph node determination. Parametrial involvement, uterine involvement and deep cervical stromal invasion were correlated with increasing tumor size. Lymph node involvement and uterine involvement were an independent prognostic risk factor for recurrence and cancer-specific survival. Tumor size showed no association with prognosis. Conclusion There is no meaningful cut-off value for tumor size determining all surgico-pathological factors. There was also seen to be no association between tumor size and recurrence or disease-related mortality.

We examine the growth effects of public and private investment by using data for a large sample of countries. For the full sample, our dynamic panel estimations indicate that both public and private investment have strong positive effects on growth. Our estimations for income levels also show that the impacts of both public and private investment are positive and statistically significant for developing countries. Interestingly, public and private investment promote growth in developing countries with effective and ineffective governments. It seems that countries can significantly benefit from investment regardless of their institutional quality levels. Furthermore, the effect of public investment generally appears to be larger than that of private investment. Given the robust relationship between investment and growth in both ineffective and effective developing countries, an important policy implication of our study is that both types of investment should be encouraged to foster economic growth.

This article examines the impact of fiscal decentralization on the size of both general and local government using data for 36 countries over the period 1972–2019 and GMM. Our results consistently suggest that fiscal decentralization does not exert a significant impact on general government size. On the other hand, there exists a positive relationship between fiscal decentralization and local government size. We should note that our baseline regression results don’t significantly change when we use different fiscal decentralization indexes. Therefore, we don’t find any evidence for the argument that fiscal decentralization would be helpful to restrict the expansion of government size. Moreover, we present some evidence for the flypaper effect. Additionally, we find a positive relationship between the fiscal importance and local governments, interpreted as an indicator of expenditure competition instead of race to bottom.

To evaluate the prognostic factors and oncologic outcome in patients with 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB cervical cancer (CC) after radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy.This study included 290 patients with type II or III radical hysterectomy + pelvic ± para-aortic lymphadenectomy and 2018 FIGO stage IB1-3 epithelial CC. Disease-free survival (DFS) estimates were determinate by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards models.The mean age of study cohort was 52 ± 10.25 years. Five-year DFS was 93% in entire cohort. On univariate analysis, surgical border involvement (p = 0.007), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (p = 0.040), uterine involvement (p = 0.040), and depth of cervical stromal invasion (p = 0.007) were found to have statistical significance for DFS. However, none of them were independent prognostic factors for the risk of recurrence. Tumor size according to 2018 FIGO staging criteria was not related with recurrence.Surgical border involvement, LVSI, depth of cervical stromal invasion, and uterine involvement were predictors for DFS on univariate analysis. Tumor size was not predicting to recurrence in patient with 2018 FIGO stage IB1-3 CC.

Türk edebiyatında kendine özgü bir yere sahip olan Ahmet Haşim şiirleri pek çok bakımdan çözümlenebilir ve anlamlandırılabilir. Onun özellikle serbest müstezat biçimiyle yazılmış şiirleri, Türk şiirinde serbest şiir anlayışının gelişiminde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Şiirlerinde kendine özgü bir biçem ve anlam evreni oluşturmuş olan Ahmet Haşim’in özellikle Yollar ve O Belde şiirlerini, birbirlerinden hareketle okumak, anlamlandırmak ve çözümlemek mümkün görünmektedir, çünkü O Belde şiirinde yaratılan ütopik uzamın çıkış noktası Yollar şiirinde bulunmaktadır. Söz konusu durum iki şiirin hem anlatım hem de içerik düzleminde birbirleriyle ele alınmasına olanak tanır. Şiirlerin doğrudan birbirlerinden hareketle çözümlenmesi, kaçınılmaz bir şekilde öz-göndergesellik kavramının öne çıkmasını sağlar. Yazınsal metinler özelinde sözceleme öznesinin kendi metinlerine gönderimde bulunması olarak tanımlanabilecek öz-göndergesellik kavramı, Yollar ve O Belde şiirlerini hem biçem hem de içerik açısından çözümlemek için son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, öz-göndergesellik kavramı iki metni birbirleriyle açıklamak adına öncelenmiş, metinlerin tam anlamıyla çözümlenmesi için metinlerarasılığın özellikle anıştırma ve yenidenyazma kavramlarından incelemenin sınırları dâhilinde yararlanılmıştır, çünkü öz-göndergesellik, metinlerarasılık kavramını da devreye sokar ve bu kavramlar öz-yenidenyazma ve öz-anıştırma olarak metinler özelinde karşılığını bulur. Buna ek olarak gösterge-biçembilimin ise yineleme ve önceleme kavramları kullanılmış, metinlerin anlatısallık düzeyindeki ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Söz konusu kavramlar aracılığıyla metinler hem yüzey hem de derin yapıda çözümlenmiş ve aralarındaki öz-göndergesel ilişki ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

We first calculate the global value chains (GVCs) participation indices from the Full Eora data of the Eora Global Supply Chain Database by employing advanced calculations methodologies. Then, we examine the productivity and profitability effects of various GVC participation measures by using the dataset on top 1000 Turkish industrial enterprises. We use OLS and fixed effects estimates in our analysis. We actually utilize the weighted OLS and fixed effects estimations to cope with the variation in the firm size. Our estimations indicate that while backward GVC participation lowers both labor productivity and profitability growth, forward GVC participation promotes both. Moreover, simple and complex backward participation have similarly negative effects on productivity and profitability growth, simple and complex forward participation have the completely opposite effects though. We then provide substantial evidence for the differing effects of participation on productivity and profitability growth between pre-crisis and post-crisis periods.

Aim To investigate the clinical significance of uterine corpus involvement in patients with surgically treated cervical cancer. Methods Patients (n = 354) with clinical early-stage (stage IB1-IIA2) cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic ± paraaortic lymphadenectomy were evaluated. Results Uterine invasion was detected in 60 (16.9%) patients. Patients with uterine invasion had a higher rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis than those without uterine invasion (35% vs 22.8%, p = 0.046). In multivariate analysis, no statistically significant difference was identified between patients with and without uterine invasion for pelvic lymph node metastasis (p = 0.953). Uterine invasion was identified as an independent risk factor for paraaortic lymph node metastasis in multivariate analysis (p = 0.012). The presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis was found to be another significant predictor of paraaortic lymph node involvement (p = 0.022). In addition, uterine invasion and lymph node metastasis were identified as an independent risk factors regarding poor prognosis in cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.537; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.304-15.782; p = 0.017 and HR: 5.598; 95% CI, 1.581-19.823; p = 0.008, respectively). Conclusions Uterine invasion is an independent predictor of decreased survival and the presence of paraaortic lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer. The presence of the uterine invasion in cervical cancer should be considered as a poor prognostic factor in the decision of treatment.