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Integrin-dependent adhesions are mechanosensitive structures in which talin mediates a linkage to actin filaments either directly or indirectly by recruiting vinculin. Here, we report the development and validation of a talin tension sensor. We find that talin in focal adhesions is under tension, which is higher in peripheral than central adhesions. Tension on talin is increased by vinculin and depends mainly on actin-binding site 2 (ABS2) within the middle of the rod domain, rather than ABS3 at the far C terminus. Unlike vinculin, talin is under lower tension on soft substrates. The difference between central and peripheral adhesions requires ABS3 but not vinculin or ABS2. However, differential stiffness sensing by talin requires ABS2 but not vinculin or ABS3. These results indicate that central versus peripheral adhesions must be organized and regulated differently, and that ABS2 and ABS3 have distinct functions in spatial variations and stiffness sensing. Overall, these results shed new light on talin function and constrain models for cellular mechanosensing.

Background: Hernioplasty is one of the most commonly performed surgeries. However, the optimal procedure for young adults has not been defined yet. Our study compared the outcomes of laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) in young adults with outcomes in children. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients aged 0–30 years who underwent LPEC. Data regarding age, sex, hernia type, surgical time, pre‐intraoperative laterality, contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV), and complications were analyzed. Results: LPEC was performed on 2642 patients in our hospital. Of these, 51 patients were young adults (aged 15–30 years). Asymptomatic CPPV in unilateral patients was frequent in the <15‐year age group (50.2%) compared to the 15–30‐year age group (15.9%). The median surgical time was shorter in the <15‐year age group (19 min, interquartile range [IQR]: 24–33) compared to that of the 15–30‐year age group (33 min, IQR: 23.3–40.8). Conclusions: This is the first report on the outcomes in young adult patients who underwent LPEC. The median surgical time was longer in the 15–30‐year age group than in the <15‐year age group. The median follow‐up was 4.7 years with no intra‐postoperative complications, such as postoperative bleeding, infection, persistent pain, and recurrence. LPEC is an effective, cosmetic, and safe surgical treatment in young adults and children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine pathophysiology of parameatal urethral cyst (PUC) with comparison between the surgical excision group and the spontaneous resolution group.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with PUC and aged ≤15 years. Initially, all the patients received observation without any treatment. The indication of surgical excision was family preference. The patients were analyzed according to their sex, age, symptoms, clinical course, and pathological examination findings.Results: Among the 54 boys visited our hospital for PUC. The median age at presentation was 35 (IQR: 12-50) months, including 7 (13.0%) neonates cases. In total, 38 (70.4%) patients were underwent surgical excision, 12 (22.2%) had spontaneous resolution during observation, 1 (1.9%) had observation without resolution, and 3 (5.6%) were lost to follow-up. The median size of PUC at the first visit was significantly larger in the surgical excision group (5 mm median, IQR 3-5) than in the spontaneous resolution group (1.5 mm median, IQR 1-2.5) (P <.0001). In this study, PUC ≥5 mm in diameter did not have spontaneous resolution.Conclusion: This is the largest study of PUC conducted at a single institute. This study indicated that 22% of PUCs had spontaneous resolution, and PUCs <5 mm had potential for spontaneous resolution. The results recommend an observation of at least 5.5 months for patients with asymptomatic PUC <5 mm. By contrast, we recommend the surgical excision for symptomatic PUC ≥5 mm according to the family preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]