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The traditional use of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip., commonly known as feverfew, extends across various medical conditions, notably those associated with pain and inflammation. In alignment with the growing trend towards developing medications that target specific signaling pathways for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects, extensive research has been conducted to investigate and validate the pharmacological effects of feverfew. Among its bioactive compounds, parthenolide stands out as the most potent, categorized as a germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactone, and has been extensively studied in multiple investigations. Significantly, the anti-inflammatory properties of feverfew have been primarily attributed to its capacity to inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), resulting in a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, the anticancer properties of feverfew have been associated with the modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study further delves into the neuroprotective potential of feverfew, specifically in the management of conditions such as migraine headaches, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain through various mechanisms. The core objective of this study is to elucidate the phytochemical composition of feverfew, with a particular emphasis on understanding the molecular mechanisms and examining the signaling pathways that contribute to its pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Additionally, the safety, toxicity, and potential adverse effects of feverfew are comprehensively evaluated, with an overarching goal of providing valuable insights into the plant's potential for targeted and effective treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide. The paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme is a main factor in preventing these diseases. This study investigated the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum parthenium plant on the activity and gene expression of PON1. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into 4 groups: a control group, a hyperlipidemic group, and two hyperlipidemic groups that were treated with 400 and 800 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract. Arylesterase activity of PON1 and serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were measured. Moreover, the gene expression of PON1 in the liver tissue samples was measured using realtime PCR. Finally, molecular dynamics studies of apigenin as a main compound in the plant were performed to investigate the activity of PON1 in the simulated environment. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of T. parthenium decreased serum triglyceride (from 105.8±10.1 to 60.5±21.5 and 50.9±11.2 mg/ dL) and total cholesterol (from 97.5±16.8 to 59.6±8.5 and 52.0±9.6 mg/dL) levels, while it increased the activity of arylesterase paraoxonase1 significantly (P<0.001). It also showed a significant (P<0.001) effect on PON1 gene expression. However, the dose of 800 mg/kg was more effective. The results of simulation and molecular dynamics showed that apigenin binds to PON1 with a high affinity and induces changes in the molecular dynamics parameters. Conclusion: The 800 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of T. parthenium can increase the activity of PON1 and its gene expression. It seems that apigenin as one of the most important antioxidant compounds of this plant can increase the activity of this enzyme by direct binding to PON1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies indicate that phytoestrogens and phytosterols have adverse effects on the male reproductive system. To our knowledge, the effects of Tanacetum parthenium on testicular tissue, spermatozoa chromatin integrity and free radical damage have not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of T. parthenium administration on sperm parameters, testis histology, sperm DNA integrity and oxidative damage in adult male mice. Methods: Eighteen adult male mice (2-3 months old) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, TP1 and TP2. TP1 and TP2 groups were separately gavaged with 50 and 100 mg/kg T. parthenium. After harvesting the epididymis, sperm analysis was performed according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). The testicular tissue also passaged through the tissue routine process after being placed in a formalin fixative solution. To check the quality of sperm chromatin, a sperm smear was prepared and then stained with acridine orange dye and was examined with a fluorescent microscope. Biochemical parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol, catalase enzyme, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured in testicular tissue. Finally, data were analyzed by the analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 16. Results: A significant reduction was seen in sperm count and sperm morphology percentage and the germinal epithelium thickness in the TP1 and TP2 groups versus the control group. The spermatozoa with DNA damage in percentage were higher in the TP1 group (21.22±3.70) and TP2 group (42.60±3.73) compared to the control group (2.40±4.3). There were remarkable differences between the three groups in MDA (P≤0.001) and thiol (P≤0.001) levels. Catalase level (P≤0.001) was lower in the TP1 and TP2 groups than in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that T. parthenium caused a significant decrease in sperm chromatin quality, MDA level and germinal epithelium thickness at both doses. A reduction was found in the antioxidant enzyme level in the mice administrated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of T. parthenium.

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, the aerial parts of which are used. Native to Asia Minor and the Balkans, it is traditionally used for its medicinal properties, particularly in the treatment and prevention of migraines and arthritis. The main active component responsible for its therapeutic effects is parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone known for its prophylactic properties against inflammation and migraines. The plant also contains flavonoids, including santine, and an essential oil whose main constituents are camphor and trans-chrisantenyl acetate. Pharmacologically, the plant has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-migraine properties, as well as effects on vascular smooth muscle and platelets. Clinical trials have shown that various extracts of partenelle or parthenolide have a preventive effect on migraine attacks. Although not very toxic orally, the plant can cause digestive problems and allergic skin reactions. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breast-feeding, in children under 12 and in people allergic to Asteraceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanacetum parthenium L. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long-standing historical use in traditional medicine. Recently Tanacetum parthenium L. essential oil has been associated with a promising potential for future applications in the pharmaceutical industry, in the cosmetics industry, and in agriculture. Investigations on the essential oil (EO) have indicated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and repellent activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Bulgarian T. parthenium essential oil from two different regions, to compare the results to those reported previously in the literature, and to point out some of its future applications. The essential oils of the air-dried flowering aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition was evaluated using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was established that the oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant terpene class, followed by the monoterpene hydrocarbons. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences between both samples were revealed. Camphor (50.90%), camphene (16.12%), and bornyl acetate (6.05%) were the major constituents in the feverfew EO from the western Rhodope Mountains, while in the EO from the central Balkan mountains camphor (45.54%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.87%), and camphene (13.03%) were the most abundant components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feverfew, a plant known for its antiseptic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, was studied using nano-calcium (nCa) nanoparticles (nCa-AV) and calcium-pectin nanoparticles (nCa-P) to investigate phytochemical changes. The study found that the application of nCa increased the total phenolic and flavonoids in Feverfew, with the highest content of phenolics (35.3 mg/g DM) in 0.4 % nCa-AV and flavonoids in 0.2 % nCa-AV and nCa-P (38.0 and 40.5 mg/g DM, respectively). The nanoparticles did not affect the content of benzoic acid, however significantly increased chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, apigenin and quercetin in the plant. The content of bioactive compounds and DPPH scavenging activity increased in line with increasing the dose of nanoparticles, and the nCa-AV was more effective in increasing these compounds. The Ca nanoparticles increased the essential oil content in Feverfew. The treatments also increased the essential oil content of Feverfew, with 50 compounds detected, including 40–50 % camphor, 30 % transchrysanthyl acetate, and 10 % camphine and alpha-pinene. Ca nanoparticle application decreased the farnesene, but increased the camphor content and had no effect on the content of chrysanthelin acetate in essential oil. The treatments increased the antipyretic effects of Feverfew essential oil, although they reduce its aroma.

The traditional use of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip., commonly known as feverfew, extends across various medical conditions, notably those associated with pain and inflammation. In alignment with the growing trend towards developing medications that target specific signaling pathways for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects, extensive research has been conducted to investigate and validate the pharmacological effects of feverfew. Among its bioactive compounds, parthenolide stands out as the most potent, categorized as a germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactone, and has been extensively studied in multiple investigations. Significantly, the anti-inflammatory properties of feverfew have been primarily attributed to its capacity to inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), resulting in a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, the anticancer properties of feverfew have been associated with the modulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study further delves into the neuroprotective potential of feverfew, specifically in the management of conditions such as migraine headaches, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain through various mechanisms. The core objective of this study is to elucidate the phytochemical composition of feverfew, with a particular emphasis on understanding the molecular mechanisms and examining the signaling pathways that contribute to its pharmacological and therapeutic effects. Additionally, the safety, toxicity, and potential adverse effects of feverfew are comprehensively evaluated, with an overarching goal of providing valuable insights into the plant’s potential for targeted and effective treatments.

In this work, we studied Tanacetum vulgare, Tanacetum parthenium, and Tanacetum corymbosum (Asteraceae) cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northern Italy) of the University of Milan. An integrative research approach was adopted: microscopic and histochemical, with special focus on the secretory structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) profiles from the air-dried, flowered aerial parts collected in June 2021; bio-ecological, with emphasis, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. In all three species, two basic trichome morphotypes (flagellar non-glandular and biseriate glandular) occurred with different distribution patterns. The glandular ones produced terpenes, along with flavonoids. A high level of chemical variability in the EO compositions emerged, specifically for qualitative data. T. vulgare profile was more complex and heterogeneous than those obtained from T. parthenium and T. corymbosum, with camphor as the predominant compound, followed by farnesol and α-santalone, respectively. Finally, the obtained scientific findings were made available to the visitors of the botanic garden through new dissemination labeling that highlights the "invisible", microscopic features of the plants, from an Open Science perspective ("Botanic Garden, factories of molecules...work in progress"—Lombardy Region Project Lr. 25/2016, year 2021). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanacetum parthenium L. (Asteraceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with a long-standing historical use in traditional medicine. Recently Tanacetum parthenium L. essential oil has been associated with a promising potential for future applications in the pharmaceutical industry, in the cosmetics industry, and in agriculture. Investigations on the essential oil (EO) have indicated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and repellent activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of Bulgarian T. parthenium essential oil from two different regions, to compare the results to those reported previously in the literature, and to point out some of its future applications. The essential oils of the air-dried flowering aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition was evaluated using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was established that the oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant terpene class, followed by the monoterpene hydrocarbons. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences between both samples were revealed. Camphor (50.90%), camphene (16.12%), and bornyl acetate (6.05%) were the major constituents in the feverfew EO from the western Rhodope Mountains, while in the EO from the central Balkan mountains camphor (45.54%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (13.87%), and camphene (13.03%) were the most abundant components.

Tanacetum parthenium, also known as feverfew, is rich in bioactive compounds, namely sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and volatile oils. Sesquiterpene lactones possess anti-migraine activity, while phenolic compounds possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. Phytochemical composition determines the pharmacological activity and so profiling is essential in quality assessment. The study aimed to evaluate cultivated feverfew plants' phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the samples of feverfew in Ukraine. Hydroxycinnamic acids predominate in the quantitative content of all the samples, namely chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The total content of flavonoids ranged from 0.8 to 2.6%; the content of hydroxycinnamic acids varied from 3.3 to 6.5%. The obtained data testify to the prospects of using Ukrainian feverfew as a raw material with a significant content of phenolic substances to develop new herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. (T. parthenium) is an aromatic perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, also known as feverfew. It is widely distributed in various regions of Europe and other parts of the world. The plant has a rich background in the traditional medicine of many nations and has been used as a remedy for fever, pain, inflammation, asthma, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, etc. Methods: GC–MS analysis was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the isolated essential oil (EO). Using the method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon, the average lethal dose (LD50) of the EO on Wistar rats was determined for two routes of administration: oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.). The subacute toxicity of the EO was also tested by oral administration of a daily dose of 1.0 g/kg body weight (BW) for 28 days. The toxicity of the EO was evaluated by observing and evaluating changes in behavior, body weight, basic hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes of the internal organs. Results: Thirty-seven volatile organic compounds representing 94.58% of the total oil composition were tentatively detected in the obtained T. parthenium EO. The dominant compounds were camphor (45.47%), trans-chrisantenyl acetate (21.65%), camphene (9.48%), and cis-isogeraniol (5.42%). The results showed that the EO was not toxic when administered in acute oral doses. The acute mean lethal dose for intraperitoneal administration was LD50 i.p. = 2.13 g/kg BW. In the subacute study involving administration of an oral dose of EO for 28 days, there were a number of changes in the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the blood compared with the control group of animals. However, no symptoms of toxicity, changes in the body weight of the rats, death, or pathological changes in the histological indicators of the examined organs—brain, heart, stomach, liver, spleen and kidney—were found. Extrapolating the results obtained from the rat experiments, we can state that the EO is safe for use in doses below 1 g/kgBW for a period not exceeding one month. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sitophilus oryzae is an important pest of stored rice and is usually controlled by the use of aluminum phosphide, which is dangerous to humans. Botanical insecticides deemed promising alternatives in controlling this pest. In this study, extracts of Peganum harmala seeds, Pterocarya fraxinifolia leaves, and Tanacetum parthenium flowers were evaluated against S. oryzae adults. Phytochemical analyses showed that steroid, terpenoid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid are present in the extracts. Bioassays revealed repellency effects of all extracts, besides, P. harmala extract exerted significant mortality (93.33 ± 6.6%, LC50: 521.06 mg/ml) hence it may have applications in preventing infestation of stored rice by S. oryzae. Plant extracts studied in this research efficiently repel rice weevil. These plant extracts show significant toxicity against rice weevil. Alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, tannin, and flavonoid are present in extracts of these plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied Tanacetum vulgare, Tanacetum parthenium, and Tanacetum corymbosum (Asteraceae) cultivated at the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Northern Italy) of the University of Milan. An integrative research approach was adopted: microscopic and histochemical, with special focus on the secretory structures responsible for the productivity of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) profiles from the air-dried, flowered aerial parts collected in June 2021; bio-ecological, with emphasis, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. In all three species, two basic trichome morphotypes (flagellar non-glandular and biseriate glandular) occurred with different distribution patterns. The glandular ones produced terpenes, along with flavonoids. A high level of chemical variability in the EO compositions emerged, specifically for qualitative data. T. vulgare profile was more complex and heterogeneous than those obtained from T. parthenium and T. corymbosum, with camphor as the predominant compound, followed by farnesol and α-santalone, respectively. Finally, the obtained scientific findings were made available to the visitors of the botanic garden through new dissemination labeling that highlights the “invisible”, microscopic features of the plants, from an Open Science perspective (“Botanic Garden, factories of molecules…work in progress”—Lombardy Region Project Lr. 25/2016, year 2021).

Parthenolide, a natural product from the feverfew plant and member of the large family of sesquiterpene lactones, exerts multiple biological and therapeutic activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Here, we further study the parthenolide mechanism of action using activity-based protein profiling-based chemoproteomic platforms to map additional covalent targets engaged by parthenolide in human breast cancer cells. We find that parthenolide, as well as other related exocyclic methylene lactone-containing sesquiterpenes, covalently modify cysteine 427 of focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1), leading to impairment of FAK1-dependent signaling pathways and breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, and motility. These studies reveal a functional target exploited by members of a large family of anti-cancer natural products.

Abstract Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip (feverfew) is among the important medicinal and aromatic plants due to its tryptophan (TRP), serotonin (SER), melatonin (MEL), and parthenolide (PRT) content. In recent studies, have reported TRP, MEL, and (PRT) are effective in the treatment of COVID-19, thus increasing the popularity of feverfew, which is rich in these valuable molecules. This study investigated the possible effects of exogenous foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA 0.5 mM) and TRP (20 mM) on plant TRP, SER, MEL, and PRT levels. During the pre-flowering period, endogenous TRP was measured as 128.9 µg/mL and endogenous PRT as 1.53% mg/g in the leaves of the control group. During the flowering period, the MEL level was measured as 1.38 µg/mL in the leaves of the TRP application group. In addition, in the pre-flowering period, MeJA-induced increases of 94.51% were determined in DPPH antioxidant activity and the total flavonoid content was 38.76 mg QE/g, whereas the highest total phenolic content of 51.63 mg GAE/g was found in flower samples of the control group. However, neither the developmental periods nor the treatments significantly affected the total phenolic content in the leaves.

The aim – to study the phenolic complex of a thick hydroalcoholic extract of the feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) herb (FTHAE), its antiradical activity and anti-inflammatory properties in a model of carrageenan and histamine oedema. Materials and methods. The studied extract was obtained from the Tanacetum parthenium herb, collected in Sumy and Poltava regions of Ukraine during the period of mass flowering (June-August): degree of grinding of raw materials 2.0–3.0 mm, extraction temperature – 25 °C, extractant – 70 % ethanol, raw material/extractant ratio – 1:12, infusion time – 12 hours, multiplicity of extractions – 3. HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the composition and amount of phenolic compounds of FTHAE. HPLC analysis was performed using a “Waters e2695 Alliance system” (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) with a photodiode array detector “Waters 2998” according to the HPLC-PDA method for phenolic compounds. The scavenging of ABTSA radical cation evaluated the radical scavenging activity. In addition, the anti-inflammatory properties of FTHAE were studied on carrageenan and histamine paw oedema in rats. Anti-inflammatory activity (AIA) was evaluated as the ability to reduce oedema compared to the control pathology. FTHAE was used at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The results. The content of the sum of hydroxycinnamic acids in the obtained extract was determined by spectrophotometry, which was 13.92±0.02 % and the content of the sum of flavonoids – 5.16±0.03 %. The content of 12 compounds with a total amount of 72432.09µg/g was identified and determined by HPLC. The dominant compounds were hydroxycinnamic acids, namely 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic and сhlorogenic acids. The antiradical activity of the extract was 620.19±4.53µmol/g. On the model of carrageenan oedema, the maximum effect of oedema suppression was 71.0–73.2 %. In the model of histamine oedema, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was 57.8; 51.8; and 49.1 % for 30 minutes, 1 and 1.5 hours of oedema, respectively. The severity of the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract during the first hour is not inferior to the diclofenac sodium, quercetin and loratadine. Conclusions. Due to the HPLC method, 12 compounds were determined to cause antiradical activity, among which chlorogenic acid and rutin were identified. The studied extract has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, which is due to the antiradical properties of the extract and its inhibitory effect on inflammatory mediators [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanacetum parthenium, also known as feverfew, is rich in bioactive compounds, namely sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, and volatile oils. Sesquiterpene lactones possess anti-migraine activity, while phenolic compounds possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. Phytochemical composition determines the pharmacological activity and so profiling is essential in quality assessment. The study aimed to evaluate cultivated feverfew plants’ phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the samples of feverfew in Ukraine. Hydroxycinnamic acids predominate in the quantitative content of all the samples, namely chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The total content of flavonoids ranged from 0.8 to 2.6%; the content of hydroxycinnamic acids varied from 3.3 to 6.5%. The obtained data testify to the prospects of using Ukrainian feverfew as a raw material with a significant content of phenolic substances to develop new herbal medicines.

Background: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. (T. parthenium) is an aromatic perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, also known as feverfew. It is widely distributed in various regions of Europe and other parts of the world. The plant has a rich background in the traditional medicine of many nations and has been used as a remedy for fever, pain, inflammation, asthma, rheumatism, menstrual disorders, etc. Methods: GC–MS analysis was conducted to determine the chemical composition of the isolated essential oil (EO). Using the method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon, the average lethal dose (LD50) of the EO on Wistar rats was determined for two routes of administration: oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.). The subacute toxicity of the EO was also tested by oral administration of a daily dose of 1.0 g/kg body weight (BW) for 28 days. The toxicity of the EO was evaluated by observing and evaluating changes in behavior, body weight, basic hematological and serum biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes of the internal organs. Results: Thirty-seven volatile organic compounds representing 94.58% of the total oil composition were tentatively detected in the obtained T. parthenium EO. The dominant compounds were camphor (45.47%), trans-chrisantenyl acetate (21.65%), camphene (9.48%), and cis-isogeraniol (5.42%). The results showed that the EO was not toxic when administered in acute oral doses. The acute mean lethal dose for intraperitoneal administration was LD50 i.p. = 2.13 g/kg BW. In the subacute study involving administration of an oral dose of EO for 28 days, there were a number of changes in the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the blood compared with the control group of animals. However, no symptoms of toxicity, changes in the body weight of the rats, death, or pathological changes in the histological indicators of the examined organs—brain, heart, stomach, liver, spleen and kidney—were found. Extrapolating the results obtained from the rat experiments, we can state that the EO is safe for use in doses below 1 g/kgBW for a period not exceeding one month.

Background and Aim: Medicinal plants contain various biological compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, with anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activities that affect human health and improve life. Considering the numerous beneficial effects of Tanacetum Parthenium and Satureja Montana and the lack of full antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects of their combination, we decided to combine these two plants’ anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on induced acute inflammation in BALB/c mice. Methods & Materials: In the present study, mice received the extracts of T. Parthenium and S. Montana and their combination by gavage for 14 consecutive days. Then, to induce acute inflammation, thioglycollate was injected intraperitoneally to all groups. FRAP and Grease tests were used to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity and serum nitric oxide concentration, respectively. One-way ANOVA analyzed the results. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: REC.1398.021). Results: The results showed that the combination of the extracts (P=0.006) and Satureja Montana (P=0.021) led to a significant increase in total antioxidant activity compared to the control group. Also, according to the results of grease test, Satureja montana (P=0.04), Tanacetum parthenium (P=0.034), and their combination (P=0.003) significantly reduced serum nitric oxide production compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study shows the synergistic effect of the combined extracts to increase their total antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory.

Background: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch Bip known as "santa maría" (Asteraceae family) is used in Peru for inflammatory diseases and also in colic, stomachache, headaches, diarrhea, among other. Objective: The aim was to determine the antioxidant profile, and analgesic effect of ethanolic extract of flowers and leaves of T. parthenium Material and Methods: Leaves and flowers of T. parthenium were soaked in 96% ethanol and the obtained extract was analyzed using chemical reactions for identifying each secondary metabolite, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to determine the antioxidant capacity, and the antinociceptive effect was determined by using tail flick method. Results: Qualitative phytochemical study indicates the presence phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids in both extracts. In DPPH assay IC50 showed in leaves and flowers extract 452.10 ± 10.2 µg/mL and 270.70 ± 20.6 µg/mL respectively. The antinociceptive effect was better in leaves at doses 300 mg/Kg than flower extract. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of flowers of T. parthenium showed a high antioxidant activity and antinociceptive effect in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their small sizes and high reactivity, nanoparticles have a completely different toxicity profile than larger particles, and it is difficult to predict their potential ecological impact. There is a need for broad ecotoxicological studies of nanomaterials in order to specify their environmental impact and ensure safe application of nanotechnology products. In this work, we have assessed the toxicity of Au and Au/ZnO metal nanoparticles obtained with the use of Tanacetum parthenium (herba) extract. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry (UV–VIS), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to assess the toxicity of biologically synthesized nanoparticles, we used seeds of various plants: Lepidium sativum, Linum flavum, Zea mays, Salvia hispanica-chia, Lupinus angustifolius, Petroselinum crispum subsp. Crispum, Beta vulgaris, Phaseolus vulgaris. The in vitro phytotests showed that gold nanoparticles at a specific range of concentrations for all plants stimulated their growth. The highest growth activity was exhibited by the solution at the concentration of 0.300 mg/ml towards corn (Aw ≈ − 135 ± 16) and flax (Aw ≈ − 44 ± 10). Only for parsley the IC50 was determined at 0.57 mg/ml, but solutions at the concentration of 0.030 to 0.150 mg/ml also stimulated plant growth. Au/ZnO had a toxic effect at all concentrations applied in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Epileptic seizures affect the life of noticeable number of people in all over the world. Tanacetum parthenium (TP) is used in traditional medicine. We studied the effects of hydro- ethanolic extract of TP and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions on brain oxidative damage in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in mice. Methods: Male mice were divided into: (1) Control; (2) PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.); (3-5) hydro-ethanolic extract of TP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg); (6) n-butanol (NBut) (100 mg/kg) and (7) aqueous (Aq) (100 mg/kg) fractions. Extracts were injected (i.p.) for 3 days and 30 min before PTZ. Latencies in onset of Minimal Clonic Seizures (MCS) and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (GTCS) as well as biochemical indicators were evaluated. Results: Medium dose of TP extract and NBut fraction prolonged the MSC and GTCS latencies. Biochemical data confirmed that administration of hydro-ethanolic extract of TP significantly reduced MDA and enhanced total thiol content and the activity of SOD and CAT in brain tissues. Comparison the effect of NBut and Aq fractions with medium dose indicated a higher level of MDA and lower amount of total thiol content and the activity of SOD and CAT in brain tissues of PTZ-Aq100 and PTZ-NBut100 groups than PTZ-TP100 group. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the medium dose of TP extract had the most protective effect against brain oxidative damage in PTZ-induced seizure model. N-butanol and aqueous fractions of TP could not exert stronger effect than medium dose on reduction PTZ-induced brain oxidative stress. Results: Medium dose of TP extract and NBut fraction prolonged the MSC and GTCS latencies. Biochemical data confirmed that administration of hydro-ethanolic extract of TP significantly reduced MDA and enhanced total thiol content and the activity of SOD and CAT in brain tissues. Comparison the effect of NBut and Aq fractions with medium dose indicated a higher level of MDA and lower amount of total thiol content and the activity of SOD and CAT in brain tissues of PTZ-Aq100 and PTZ-NBut100 groups than PTZ-TP100 group. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the medium dose of TP extract had the most protective effect against brain oxidative damage in PTZ-induced seizure model. N-butanol and aqueous fractions of TP could not exert stronger effect than medium dose on reduction PTZ-induced brain oxidative stress.

Objective: Sleep disorders are among the most common psychiatric and medical conditions. In the present study, the hypnotic effect of Tanacetum parthenium was studied in mice. Material and Methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of T. parthenium and three fractions of it, namely water fraction (WF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and n-hexane fraction (NHF), were intraperitoneally (ip) administrated to mice 30 min before injection of sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, ip). Then, 30 min after administration of HAE, motor coordination (rota-rod test) was evaluated. Besides, LD50 of HAE was determined and the cytotoxicity of HAE was evaluated in PC12 cells using the MTT assay. Results: HAE 50-200 mg/kg increased the sleeping time. EAF was the only fraction which could prolong the sleep duration and decrease sleep latency. The LD50 value was 4.8 g/kg. The extract induced no cytotoxic effects in PC12 cell line. Conclusion: The results suggested that T. parthenium potentiates pentobarbital hypnosis without causing toxic effects. Probably, its effects are mediated by the components present in EAF of this plant.

Background and Aim Medicinal plants contain various biological compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids, with anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activities that affect human health and improve life. Considering the numerous beneficial effects of Tanacetum Parthenium and Satureja Montana and the lack of full antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects of their combination, we decided to combine these two plants’ anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on induced acute inflammation in BALB/c mice. Methods & Materials In the present study, mice received the extracts of T. Parthenium and S. Montana and their combination by gavage for 14 consecutive days. Then, to induce acute inflammation, thioglycollate was injected intraperitoneally to all groups. FRAP and Grease tests were used to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity and serum nitric oxide concentration, respectively. One-way ANOVA analyzed the results. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: REC.1398.021). Results The results showed that the combination of the extracts (P=0.006) and Satureja Montana (P=0.021) led to a significant increase in total antioxidant activity compared to the control group. Also, according to the results of grease test, Satureja montana (P=0.04), Tanacetum parthenium (P=0.034), and their combination (P=0.003) significantly reduced serum nitric oxide production compared to the control group. Conclusion The present study shows the synergistic effect of the combined extracts to increase their total antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Migraine is one of the most prevalent chronic pain manifestations of childhood. Despite the multitude of available treatments, parents are often concerned about chronic therapies and pediatricians have insufficient confidence in prescribing prophylactic drugs. Therefore, there is now growing interest for natural supplements used to control recurrent migraine headaches. Such approach may increase acceptance and adherence to long-term prophylaxis therapy in children. Methods This is an observational multicenter study performed in children (n = 91) with migraine, with (MO) or without aura (MA), or tension-type headache (TTH). A fixed-dose Andrographis paniculata, CoQ10, riboflavin, and magnesium, was administered for 16 weeks. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0), at week 8 (T1) and at the end of treatment at week 16 (T2). A follow-up period occurred at week 20 (T3) and week 32 (T4). Results The herbal supplement significantly reduced the frequency of headaches in TTH patients during treatment period (T0: 11.97 + 1.92 vs T2: 5.13 + 1.93; p 0.05 vs T0). TTH patients did not report significant improvement of pain intensity. A significant effect was observed in the MO group during treatment (T0: 3.06 + 0.11 vs T2: 2.14 + 0.19; p

Chemical insecticides application for pest control pose serious impacts on human health and environment. Nowadays, intensified efforts to find safer and environmentally friendly alternatives have resulted in identification and production of some plant-derived natural ingredients that can use against insect pests. Amongst these plants, feverfew, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip., from Asteraceae family is reputed to have insecticidal properties in addition to its excellent medicinal values. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the extract of T. parthenium collected from Northern Khorasan province (Northeast of Iran) for its pyrethrin content using RP-HPLC chromatography. Flowers and leaves of T. parthenium harvested at flowering stage were dried at cool and dark place and subjected to 3 steps maceration with (30ml) chloroform and shaking for 1 hr. followed by filtration. Pyrethrin contents were then read by chromatographic method at 230 nm wavelength against the background of calibration regression equations. Our results indicated that dry flowers contain 0.46% total pyrethrin (I+ II), whereas leaves and stems include 0.06% pyrethrum. Pyrethrin was more concentrated in flower than stem. The wild population of T. parthenium of Northern Khorasan province demonstrates high potentiality to be commercially cultivated if it undergoes a plant-breeding program to manipulate phenotypic variation in the concentration of bioactive compounds present at harvest.

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Tanacetum parthenium extract (TPE) on lipid peroxidation and acute heart injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Two of the groups were normal and damage control groups, other 3 groups were damage groups treated with 40, 80 and 120 mg / kg of TPE for 14 days before being damaged by CCl4. At the end of the study we measured the activity of creatine kinase (CK-MB) isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C in serum, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and arylesterase (ARE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as lipid peroxidation index, in myocardial homogenates. Results: The results of this study showed that treatment with carbon tetrachloride significantly increased the levels of CK-MB, LDH, TC, LDL-C and MDA and decreased ARE, HDL-C, SOD and GPX (P

Objective: Studies have demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in many tissues including the kidney, heart, lung, brain, and liver. The major aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of Tanacetum parthenium extract (TPE) in renal tissues of CCl4-intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into seven groups of six rats. Group 1 was the control group that was not treated with CCl4. The rats in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, 1:1 in olive oil) on day 14. Rats in the groups bTPE40, bTPE80, and bTPE120 were gavaged with 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of TPE, respectively for 14 constitutive days on a daily basis, before CCl4 administration. Rats in groups aTPE80 and aTPE120 were gavaged with 80 and 120 mg/kg of TPE, respectively, 2, 6, 24 and 48 hr after receiving CCl4. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 16th day through an intracardiac puncture and then serums were separated. Results: CCl4 increased urea, creatinine, uric acid and creatinine: albumin (C/A) ratio level in serum and decreased total antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) when compared to the control group (p

Objective: Sleep disorders are among the most common psychiatric and medical conditions. In the present study, the hypnotic effect of Tanacetum parthenium was studied in mice. Materials and Methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract (HAE) of T. parthenium and three fractions of it, namely water fraction (WF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and n-hexane fraction (NHF), were intraperitoneally (ip) administrated to mice 30 min before injection of sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, ip). Then, 30 min after administration of HAE, motor coordination (rota-rod test) was evaluated. Besides, LD50 of HAE was determined and the cytotoxicity of HAE was evaluated in PC12 cells using the MTT assay. Results: HAE 50-200 mg/kg increased the sleeping time. EAF was the only fraction which could prolong the sleep duration and decrease sleep latency. The LD50 value was 4.8 g/kg. The extract induced no cytotoxic effects in PC12 cell line. Conclusion: The results suggested that T. parthenium potentiates pentobarbital hypnosis without causing toxic effects. Probably, its effects are mediated by the components present in EAF of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the essential oil, fatty acid, flavonoid, phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil from Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) wild grown and collected from north of Iran. Methods: The essential oil of aerial parts was analyzed by spectroscopy method (GC/MS using HP-5MS column) while the fatty acid content was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/FID). Phenolic contents of the oil were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UV) technique while total phenols and flavonoids were determined colorimetrically. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. Results: In the essential oil thirteen compounds were characterized with camphor (43.97 %), chrysanthenyl acetate (12.46 %) and farnesol (7.54%) as the major components. Principal fatty acid components of the herb were palmitic acid (57.27%) and myristic acid (14.7%). HPLC analysis revealed that the cinnamic acid derivatives were the major compounds, with sinapic (3.86 ± 0.1 mg/g dw) and ferulic (2.59 ± 0.1 mg/g dw) acids being the predominant ones. Also, evaluation the bioactivity of the oil showed considerable antioxidant capacity (TPC = 152.8 ± 0.8 mg/g and DPPH = 73.8 ± 1.3 %). Conclusion: This study revealed that the essential oil was rich in camphor/chrysanthenyl acetate chemotype and different polyphenols in the category of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. In addition, this research demonstrated that the aerial parts of this aromatic herb were various sources of oily components, especially essential fatty acids.

Chromosome numbers in 19 populations of Tanacetum polycephalum and Tanacetum parthenium from natural resources gene bank, that collected from different regions of Iran, were determined for the first time. The samples prepared by using root tips. After pretreatment, fixation, hydrolysis and staining, the microscopic samples prepared by squash method, metaphases were captured using an optical microscope. The best metaphases plates were selected and used for karyotype analyses. In all of populations the basic chromosome number was x=9 and the populations showed two ploidy levels (diploid & tetraploid). The type of the most chromosomes in all of the populations was metacentric (m) and sub-metacentric (sm) and located in 2A and 2B except for T. parthenium (Yazd, Taft) with 5m+3sm+1st karyotype formula and 2C Stebbins classes. In addition, T. polycephalum (Esfahan, Golpayegan) with the highest value of AR and A1 had karyotype heterogeneity, also T. polycephalum (Esfahan, Golpayegan) and T. polycephalum (West-Azerbaijan, Uromeyeh) had the highest value of chromosome length (TL). Detailed karyotype allows us to group the different populations based on Stebbins classes and asymmetry indices.

Background & objectives: Some herbs contain compounds with antioxidant activity and can be used to protect or cure damages caused by chemical toxins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on total antioxidants in various tissues and Tanacetum parthenium impacts on reducing devastating effects of carbon tetrachloride. Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups of six animals in each group: normal control, damaged control, three groups that treated with 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of Tanacetum parthenium extract 14 days before CCl4 injection and two groups served as post-treatment groups that received 80 and 120 mg/kg extract 2, 6, 24, and 48 h after CCl4 injection. At the end of study the liver, kidney, testis, and heart were removed and then homogenized and then the antioxidant activity of the tissues assessed using FRAP method. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results: The results showed that the injection of carbon tetrachloride significantly decreasestotal antioxidant in both liver (p

Background: Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) is widely distributed throughout the world's population. The virus spreads through direct contact with an infected individual. After primary infection, the virus remains in a latent state, and the recurrence of herpetic lesions is common. Standard treatment is performed with nucleoside analogues, but the selection of resistant strains have occurred, thus requiring the continual search for new antiviral agents. Plant extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds are a good source for studying possible antiviral compounds.Hypothesis: Among plants with antiviral activity, the crude extract of aerial parts of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. (Asteraceae) have previously shown to inhibit HSV-1 infection in vitro.Methods: The present study investigated the chemical composition of a crude hydroethanolic extract (CHE) of T. parthenium, and in vivo safety and therapeutic efficacy against HSV-1 infection.Results: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the CHE was composed of phenolic acids (chlorogenic acids) and sesquiterpene lactones (parthenolide). Acute and subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity tests in vivo showed that oral CHE administration did not result in signs of toxicity, with no genotoxic potential. The CHE was also safe for topical administration, in which no irritation of the epidermis was observed in treated animals. Tests of topical and oral therapeutic efficacy showed that the CHE was effective against HSV-1 infection. Topical administration was the most effective, the results for which were comparable to acyclovir.Conclusion: These findings indicate that the CHE from aerial parts of Tanacetum parthenium has in vivo anti-HSV-1 activity and is safe for oral and topical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) has traditionally been employed as a phytotherapeutic remedy in the treatment of migraine. In this study, a commercial T. parthenium water extract was investigated to explore its anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects. Isolated mouse cortexes were exposed to a K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer and treated with T. parthenium water extract. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-1β gene expression were evaluated in the cortex. The effects on dopamine (DA) release and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene expression were assayed in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further investigate the mechanism of action. The extract was effective in reducing cortex PGE2 release and IL-1β gene expression. In the same experimental system, IL-10 and BDNF gene expressions increased, and in HypoE22 cells, the extract decreased the extracellular dopamine level and increased the DAT gene expression due to the direct interaction of parthenolide with the DAT. Overall, the present findings highlight the efficacy of T. parthenium water extract in controlling the inflammatory pathways that occur during cortical-spreading depression. Additionally, the inhibition of the hypothalamic DA release observed in this study further supports the role of dopaminergic pathways as key targets for novel pharmacological approaches in the management of migraine attacks.

Objective: Studies have demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in many tissues including the kidney, heart, lung, brain, and liver. The major aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective activity of Tanacetum parthenium extract (TPE) in renal tissues of CCl4-intoxicated rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into seven groups of six rats. Group 1 was the control group that was not treated with CCl4. The rats in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg, 1:1 in olive oil) on day 14. Rats in the groups bTPE40, bTPE80, and bTPE120 were gavaged with 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg of TPE, respectively for 14 constitutive days on a daily basis, before CCl4 administration. Rats in groups aTPE80 and aTPE120 were gavaged with 80 and 120 mg/kg of TPE, respectively, 2, 6, 24 and 48 hr after receiving CCl4. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 16th day through an intracardiac puncture and then serums were separated. Results: CCl4 increased urea, creatinine, uric acid and creatinine: albumin (C/A) ratio level in serum and decreased total antioxidant and antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) when compared to the control group (p<0.001). But administration of TPE to rats either before or after exposure to CCl4, attenuated these changes when compared with CCl4 control group (p<0.05 - p<0.001). Conclusion: TPE had potent nephroprotective effects against oxygen free radicals produced through CCl4 metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical insecticides application for pest control pose serious impacts on human health and environment. Nowadays, intensified efforts to find safer and environmentally friendly alternatives have resulted in identification and production of some plant-derived natural ingredients that can use against insect pests. Amongst these plants, feverfew, Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip., from Asteraceae family is reputed to have insecticidal properties in addition to its excellent medicinal values. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the extract of T. parthenium collected from Northern Khorasan province (Northeast of Iran) for its pyrethrin content using RP-HPLC chromatography. Flowers and leaves of T. parthenium harvested at flowering stage were dried at cool and dark place and subjected to 3 steps maceration with (30ml) chloroform and shaking for 1 hr. followed by filtration. Pyrethrin contents were then read by chromatographic method at 230 nm wavelength against the background of calibration regression equations. Our results indicated that dry flowers contain 0.46% total pyrethrin (I+ II), whereas leaves and stems include 0.06% pyrethrum. Pyrethrin was more concentrated in flower than stem. The wild population of T. parthenium of Northern Khorasan province demonstrates high potentiality to be commercially cultivated if it undergoes a plant-breeding program to manipulate phenotypic variation in the concentration of bioactive compounds present at harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Giardiasis is a one of the most prevalent intestinal parasitic diseases in human, treatment of this disease through medicinal plants is very important since parasite resistance to chemical drugs exists. Thus, in this study, the in vitro anti-giardial activity of chloroformic extract of Tanacetum parthenium and Artemisia annua on cyst and trophozoite of Giardia lamblia were separately investigated.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study chloroformic extracts of Artemisia annua and Tanacetum parthenium on cyst and trophozoite of G. lamblia in vitro were prepared in 1, 10, 50 and 100 mg∕ml concentrations for 5, 10, 30, 60 and 180 min. Purified cysts were used for encystations and culture in TYI-S-33 medium. Then, 2 ml of each solution was placed in test tubes, to which 10,000 washed cysts and trophozoites were added. The contents of the tubes were gently mixed and incubated. The percentages of dead parasites were determined by counting 500 cysts. Non treated parasites were considered a control group in each experiment and the viability of the parasites checked with Eeosin staining and statistical analysis were done. Results: The results showed that chloroformic extracts of A. annua at 100 mg/ml concentration affected on Gardia cyst 86% and 100% trophozoite after 1 hour. T. parthenium at 50mg/ml concentration killed cysts (83%) and trophozite (100%) after 1 hour, respectively. T. parthenium chloroformic extract had a better effect on cyst and trophozoite of Giardia at 50 mg/ml after 1 hour exposure than A. annua extract. Conclusion: According to this study, A. annua and T. parthenium chlorofomic extracts could be considered as a more effective anti-giardial agent. Chloroformic extract of T. parthenium was also shown the anti-giardial activity compared with A. annua and control groups at all exposure times. Therefore, in the future research using these plants are recommended against Giardia in low concentration in the in vivo, also to find fractions of the pharmacological effects of these plants.