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We propose a unified framework called Collaborative Harmonized Open Radio Ubiquitous System (CHORUS) that can jointly optimize heterogeneous wireless networks. To support large-scale collaboration, cognitive synergy is exploited to collect the status of multiple radios and layers, namely the network state information (NSI). Based on cognition results, resource virtualization and harmonious collaboration control are applied to optimize the global performance. We present the architecture, design challenges, and key technologies of CHORUS through our initial research efforts. We illustrate how to use cognition to interact with collaboration among multiple base stations (BSs), between BSs and relays, and among heterogeneous networks so as to save the network energy consumption. We also provide examples of cognition design across communication and broadcast networks based on traffic load and service contents information. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We performed surgical resections in 6 cases of advanced gastric cancer and 4 cases of colorectal cancer after preoperatively treating them with TS-1 at a daily dose of 80-100 mg/body for 2 weeks, and evaluated whether one can estimate their sensitivity to TS-1 by a pathological examination. Case 1 of type 3 advanced gastric cancer underwent surgery after one week interval following oral administration of TS-1 at a daily dose of 80 mg/body for 2 weeks. Surprisingly, the pathological examination revealed complete disappearance of cancer cells in the resected stomach and no cancer cells in the regional lymphnodes, judged grade 3 in pathological effectiveness. Case 2 of type 2 advanced gastric cancer was treated with TS-1 at a daily dose of 100 mg/body for 2 weeks and underwent surgery after a three-week interval due to the complication of pneumonia. The pathological effectiveness was judged grade 2 in the resected stomach, and no cancer cells were detected in the regional lymphnodes. In both cases, the postoperative course was uneventful, and no adverse effects were detected. In these cases, their high sensitivity to TS-1 was clearly confirmed, and now they have been treated with TS-1 for the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, and have undergone regular check-ups at our outpatient clinic in good condition. Recently, we performed the same protocol in 6 cases of advanced gastric cancer including these 2 cases and also in 4 cases of advanced colorectal cancer. This protocol was found useful for evaluating the pathological effect by TS-1. We consider the protocol quite useful and helpful in determining a suitable regimen for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of advanced gastric cancer associated with metastasis of the liver. He was treated with 300 mg/day of UFT-E from 18 days after total gastrectomy on July 14, 1997. The preoperative serum level of tumor marker, which had been increasing (CEA: 340 ng/ml, CA19-9: 9,094 U/ml), returned to the normal range 7 months after gastrectomy. CT scan on July 9, 1998 (1 year after gastrectomy) showed that the liver metastasis had changed to a scar (CR). As of May, 2001, 2 years and 10 months after inducing CR, we have been administering UFT-E to the patient, with no side effect or regrowth of the tumor.

A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of type 4 gastric cancer associated with paraaortic lymph node metastasis. Considered surgically incurable, she was placed on preoperative chemotherapy consisting of Methotrexate (MTX) 50 mg (day 1), CDDP 10 mg (day 2-6), 5-FU 500 mg (day 1-6) and Leucovorin (LV) 60 mg (day 2-6). Because of severe nausea and leucopenia, she could receive only 1 course of the chemotherapy. CT on January 7, 1997 (5 weeks after the chemotherapy) showed that the gastric wall thickness and the paraaortic lymph nodes swelling had decreased remarkably. She underwent total gastrectomy on January 13, 1997 (pT2, pN2, pM1 (LYM), stage IV, TNM classification). As an outpatient, she was treated with UFT-E 300 mg/day (continuous until the present) and MTX 50 mg (day 1), 5-FU 500 mg (day 1) and LV 60 mg (day 2-3) once two weeks (total 27 cycles). Four years and 4 months after surgery, although peritoneal recurrence was suspected, she has been managed at our outpatient clinic.