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The positive occupancy-abundance relationship (OAR) is considered a ubiquitous pattern and well explained by species niches. However, OAR can change largely with functional groups. Benthic diatoms in tropical rivers are subject to seasonal hydrological disturbance. Their OAR can be affected by their attachment mode and shows a strong seasonality with precipitation. We investigated benthic diatoms in a river basin in South China during wet and dry seasons. Using hierarchical models, we detected the seasonal effects of niche position and breadth on diatom occupancy, abundance, and OAR for the three attachment groups. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that niche position was the main predictor that substantially explained the variations in diatom occupancy. Compared with niche breadth, niche position had a larger effect on the abundances of strongly and moderately attached diatoms; but it had a smaller effect on that of weakly attached diatoms. Weakly attached diatoms had the lowest OAR slope, and moderately attached diatoms had the highest slope. The OAR slope exhibited marked seasonality and positively correlated with precipitation. Attachment mode is a key functional trait that largely determines the distribution and abundance of diatoms and mediates their OAR. Our study provides insight into diatom-based biological monitoring of tropical streams and rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CRTAC1, one of the pyroptosis-related genes, has been identified as a protective factor in certain kinds of cancer, such as gastric adenocarcinoma and bladder cancer. The study aimed to investigate the role of CRTAC1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LUAD datasets were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), pyroptosis-related genes from GeneCard. Limma package used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and weighted genes co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify CRTAC1 as hub gene. CRTAC1 expression was confirmed in a real-world cohort using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western Blot (WB) analyses. Cellular experiments were conducted to investigate CRTAC1's potential oncogenic mechanisms. CRTAC1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in LUAD tissues (p < 0.05) and showed high accuracy in diagnosing LUAD. Reduced CRTAC1 expression was associated with a poor prognosis. Higher CRTAC1 expression correlated with increased immune cell infiltration. Individuals with high CRTAC1 expression showed increased drug sensitivity. Additionally, qPCR and WB analyses showed that CRTAC1 expression was lower in tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue at both the RNA and protein levels. Upregulation of CRTAC1 significantly inhibited LUAD cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in cellular experiments. CRTAC1 has the potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-regulation includes the ability to control one's behavior as needed to meet social expectations and is associated with adaptive developmental outcomes. One tool for self-regulation is private speech; however, research has not examined if children's private speech is consistent across cognitively-focused and emotionally-focused contexts and if it is associated with regulatory abilities in similar ways. The goal of this study was to investigate relations between children's private speech and their regulation in three contexts with varying emotional and cognitive demands with children's age examined as a moderator of the association of private speech to regulation. Preschool-aged children's (n = 122) private speech (vocalizations, inaudible muttering, task-irrelevant, negatively valenced, and facilitative) was transcribed and coded in three contexts: selective attention where children matched pictures according to certain rules, emotion regulation where children's persistence in attempting to overcome an obstacle to achieve a goal was observed, and inhibitory control where the children were instructed to wait to color. Using linear mixed modeling, private speech did not significantly predict children's regulatory abilities in the selective attention task; however, meaningful associations were found between private speech and regulation in the emotion regulation and inhibitory control contexts. Furthermore, age moderated the association of private speech to regulation in the inhibitory control context. Our findings that associations between private speech and regulation outcomes differed across contexts highlight the importance of examining self-regulation as a multidimensional construct and emphasize the importance of considering both cognitive and emotional demands for supporting children's optimal self-regulation. Highlights: Preschoolers' private speech was associated with their regulation in emotion regulation and inhibitory control contexts. Associations between private speech and regulation differed across different regulatory contexts. It is important to emphasize both cognitive and emotional demands when investigating children's regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their physicochemical properties, the three-dimensional Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived composites show great potential as electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. However, poor impedance matching limits their actual EMW absorption performance. Composite materials that combine magnetic and dielectric losses offer a potential solution to enhance impedance match and significantly improve microwave absorption. In this work, a novel N,S-GS/Co/C composite was fabricated via a solvothermal method and a subsequent pyrolysis process to introducing nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene (N,S-GS) into Co-MOF. By co-doping nitrogen and sulfur, abundant defects and disordered sites were introduced on graphene, which stimulate interfacial polarization and dipole polarization. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of the sample obtained by pyrolysis at 600 °C is −68.8 dB at 9.7 GHz. Simultaneously, the thickness is 2.51 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) can reach 3.04 GHz. Its excellent EMW absorption performance is mainly attributed to interfacial polarization, multiple reflections, dipole polarization, magnetic resonance and eddy current loss. Accordingly, the N,S-GS/Co/C composite is convinced to be a competent candidate among EMW absorbers with high absorption intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite SrVO 3 stands out as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its inherent redox activity, excellent electrical conductivity, and structural adaptability. Despite these advantages, challenges persist, such as in achieving high tap density and volumetric specific capacity. In this study, we overcome these challenges by finely regulating particle size and constructing a tailored surface structure for SrVO 3. The implementation of ball milling during the synthesis process proves to be a simple yet highly efficient method for simultaneously tailoring particle size and in-situ creating an amorphous layer on SrVO 3 particles. The reduction in particle size not only facilitates enhanced electron and ion transport but also significantly improves the tap density of SrVO 3 , increasing it from 2.61 to 3.15 g cm−3. The in-situ construction of an amorphous layer introduces a multitude of defects and high valence V5+. These defects serve as active sites for lithium ions, while the V5+ species contribute to increased electron transfer, collectively resulting in a high gravimetric specific capacity. The engineered SrVO 3 anode delivers an impressive volumetric capacity of 1134 mAh cm−3 at 0.1 A g−1, surpassing both pristine SrVO 3 (733 mAh cm−3) and commercial graphite anode (∼460 mAh cm−3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shale gas is considered a crucial global energy source. Hydraulic fracturing with multiple fractures in horizontal wells has been a crucial method for stimulating shale gas. During multi-stage fracturing, the fracture propagation is non-uniform, and fractures cannot be induced in some clusters due to the influence of stress shadow. To improve the multi-fracture propagation performance, technologies such as limited-entry fracturing are employed. However, perforation erosion limits the effect of the application of these technologies. In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical model that considers perforation erosion is established based on the finite element method. Then, the multi-fracture propagation, taking into account the impact of perforation erosion, is studied under different parameters. The results suggest that perforation erosion leads to a reduction in the perforation friction and exacerbates the uneven propagation of the fractures. The effects of erosion on multi-fracture propagation are heightened with a small perforation diameter and perforation number. However, reducing the perforation number and perforation diameter remains an effective method for promoting uniform fracture propagation. As the cluster spacing is increased, the effects of erosion on multi-fracture propagation are aggravated because of the weakened stress shadow effect. Furthermore, for a given volume of fracturing fluid, although a higher injection rate is associated with a shorter injection time, the effects of erosion on the multi-fracture propagation are more severe at a high injection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the efficacy and relative effectiveness of a brief alcohol intervention (BAI) relies on obtaining a credible intervention effect estimate. Outcomes in BAI trials are often count variables, such as the number of drinks consumed, which may be overdispersed (i.e., greater variability than expected based on a given model) and zero‐inflated (i.e., greater probability of zeros than expected based on a given model). Ignoring such distribution characteristics can lead to biased estimates and invalid statistical conclusions. In this critical review, we identified and reviewed 64 articles that reported count outcomes from a systematic review of BAI trials for adolescents and young adults from 2013 to 2018. Given many statistical models to choose from when analyzing count outcomes, we reviewed the models used and reporting practices in the BAI trial literature. A majority (61.3%) of analyses with count outcomes used linear models despite violations of normality assumptions; 75.6% of outcome variables demonstrated clear overdispersion. We provide an overview of available count models (Poisson, negative binomial, zero‐inflated or hurdle, and marginalized zero‐inflated Poisson regression) and formulate practical guidelines for reporting outcomes of BAIs. We provide a visual step‐by‐step decision guide for selecting appropriate statistical models and reporting results for count outcomes. We list accessible resources to help researchers select an appropriate model with which to analyze their data. Recent advances in count distribution‐based models hold promise for evaluating count outcomes to gauge the efficacy and effectiveness of BAIs and identify critical covariates in alcohol epidemiologic research. We recommend that researchers report the distributional properties of count outcomes, such as the proportion of zero counts, and select an appropriate statistical analysis for count outcomes using the provided decision tree. By following these recommendations, future research may yield more accurate, transparent, and reproducible results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Overexpression of miR-455-3p facilitates apoptosis and autophagy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. • miR-455-3p affects the progression of AML through UBN2. • UBN2 regulates PPARα-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in AML cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the deadliest hematologic malignancies, and its targeted therapy has developed slowly. The molecular mechanism of the pathophysiology of the disease remains to be clarified. The aim of our study was to probe the specific regulatory mechanism of miR-455-3p in AML. This study measured the levels of miR-455-3p and ubinuclein-2 (UBN2) in AML cell lines, evaluated cell viability with CCK-8, used flow cytometry to estimate the cell cycle and apoptosis, detected cell apoptosis and autophagy-related protein levels by Western blotting, and added 50 μM chloroquine (CQ) to evaluate the relationship between autophagy and AML. In animal experiments, HL-60 cells were injected into male non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD/SCID) mice through the tail vein to determine survival time and observe the degree of liver and spleen damage in the mice. miR-455-3p was prominently reduced in the peripheral blood and AML cell lines, and UBN2 showed high expression. The transfected miR-455-3p mimic effectively restrained the activity of AML cells, whereas overexpression of UBN2 or the addition of the autophagy inhibitor CQ reversed the effect of miR-455-3p. The interaction between UBN2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation, and overexpression of PPARα reversed the promoting effect of UBN2 knockdown on apoptosis and autophagy in AML cells. In conclusion, miR-455-3p mediates PPARα protein expression through UBN2, exacerbating AML cell apoptosis and autophagy. This study found that miR-455-3p plays an important role in AML cell apoptosis and autophagy, which may provide novel insights for the treatment of AML diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several analytical challenges make it difficult to accurately measure coenzyme A (CoA) metaboforms, including insufficient stability and a lack of available metabolite standards. Consequently, our understanding of CoA biology and the modulation of human diseases may be nascent. CoA's serve as lipid precursors, energy intermediates, and mediators of post-translational modifications of proteins. Here, we present a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to measure malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, and succinyl-CoA in complex biological samples. Additionally, we evaluated workflows to increase sample stability. We used reference standards to optimize CoA assay sensitivity and test CoA metabolite stability as a function of the reconstitution solvent. We show that using glass instead of plastic sample vials decreases CoA signal loss and improves the sample stability. We identify additives that improve CoA stability and facilitate accurate analysis of CoA species across large sample sets. We apply our optimized workflow to biological samples of skeletal muscle cells cultured under hypoxic and normoxia conditions. Together, our workflow improves the detection and identification of CoA species through targeted analysis in complex biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients narratives are being recorded increasingly frequently and spontaneously in short user produced content (UGC) films, which may have an impact on the vlogger's health as well as the public's comprehension of the relevant health concerns. This paper addressed three research questions regarding the population characteristics of UGC video publishers, the narrative theme of the videos, and the emotional orientation of the commenters. This study aimed to deepen our understanding of COVID-19 patients' narrative intentions and emotional needs through the theoretical frameworks of theory of planned behavior (TPB) and negative dominance theory (NDT). We collected 335 videos from 28 COVID-19 patients and 572,052 comments as samples on Douyin platform, the largest short-video website in China. Using Latent Semantic Analysis, we analyzed the descriptive information of the video blogs, the narrative textual information of the videos, and the emotional orientation of the comments. Our findings revealled seven categories of narrative themes, with 52.1% of video comments exhibiting a positive emotional orientation. Within a framework integrating TPB and NDT theories, we analyzed the behavioral intentions of vloggers and viewers during COVID-19 epidemic, and interpreted the persistent posting of videos and the active posting of comments as positive actions that counteracted the multiple effects of negative messages. This study contributes to the understanding of individual narratives in macro-risk communication, both theoretically and empirically, and offers policy recommendations in relevant fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and low-energy-consuming approach for preparing ceramic nuclear waste forms is greatly preferred for disposal of ever-increasing amounts of radioactive nuclear wastes. Herein, simulated radionuclide Ce could be rapidly incorporated into Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 ceramic via flash sintering technique. Under an electric field of 250 V/cm, Gd 2 Zr 2−x Ce x O 7 (0.0 ≤x ≤ 1.2) waste forms with a single phase of defect-fluorite were flash sintered at relatively low temperatures of 889–997 °C in 60 s. The onset temperature of flash sintering was decreased with the enhancement of Ce content. Furthermore, the density and grain size of Gd 2 Zr 2−x Ce x O 7 waste forms were increased with the increase of the current limit. The nearly full dense Gd 2 Zr 2−x Ce x O 7 waste forms were flash sintered at a current limit of 200 mA. The normalized leaching rates of Gd, Ce, and Zr in Gd 2 Zr 0.8 Ce 1.2 O 7 after 28 d were 6.5475 × 10−5, 1.1624 × 10−7, and 1.1613 × 10−7 g·m−2·d−1, respectively, which exhibited a good chemical durability. • Gd 2 Zr 2−x Ce x O 7 waste forms are rapidly prepared by flash sintering. • Rapid solid reaction and densification occurs simultaneously in flash sintering. • Oxygen vacancies are formed in the flash sintering of Gd 2 Zr 2 O 7 and CeO 2. • Current limit has a significant effect on grain size and densification. • Gd 2 Zr 2−x Ce x O 7 waste forms exhibit good chemical durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most mothers have more than one child. Second‐time mothers may worry about whether they will love the second baby as much as their first child. The current study examined mothers' maternal‐fetal relationship anxiety (MFRA) to their second baby, the prediction of mother‐infant bonding (MIB) and infant‐mother attachment security post‐partum, and the psychosocial correlates of mothers' MFRA during pregnancy. Mothers (N = 241, 85.9% White, 5.4% Black, 2.9% Asian/American, 3.7% Latina) and their second‐born infants (55% boys) living in the Midwestern United States participated in a longitudinal investigation starting in the last trimester of pregnancy, and 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Most women reported little to no anxiety about forming an attachment to their second baby (89.1%). MFRA predicted less maternal warmth toward the baby at 1, 4, and 8 months postpartum, but did not predict security of the infant‐mother attachment at 12 months. Prenatal MFRA was also related to maternal depressive symptoms, an insecure attachment with the first child, more marital distress, and more adult attachment avoidance and ambivalence prenatally. Mothers worrying about loving a second baby as much as their first child may be experiencing other psychosocial risks that have repercussions for the developing mother‐infant relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defects in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling is a key contributor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of how IGF-1 signaling relates to AD remained unclear. Here, we investigated the association of IGF-1 signaling associated biomarkers with AD pathology, sTREM2, and GFAP. Finally, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) was associated with AD pathology, and the association was partly medicated by sTREM2 (Aβ42, β= 0.794, p = 0.016; T-tau, β= 0.291, p < 0.001; P-tau181, β= 0.031, p < 0.001) and GFAP (T-tau, β= 0.427, p < 0.001; P-tau181, β= 0.044, p < 0.001). It suggested that sTREM2 and GFAP mediated the relationship between IGF-1 signaling and AD pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study took a person‐centered approach to examine the heterogeneity of changes in children's emotions and persistence during a goal‐blocking task and examined how different profiles of emotions and persistence related to children's self‐regulation. Children's anger, sadness, and persistence were rated in a goal‐blocking task in toddlerhood (T1; N = 140, 72 boys, Mage = 2.67 years, 90.7% White) and preschool (T2). Children's self‐regulation, specifically sustained attention and engagement, was assessed at T1, T2, and early school‐age (T3) from 2005 to 2012. Growth mixture modeling revealed two classes of children at T1 and three classes at T2 with different patterns of anger, sadness, and persistence. Children's classification at T2, but not T1, significantly predicted their sustained attention and engagement both concurrently and longitudinally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) cross‐linked Arenga pinnata starch (CLAPS) with different degrees of cross‐linking (0–97.79%) are prepared and their structural characteristics and physicochemical properties are evaluated. Cross‐linking does not significantly change APS granular structure, but seems to lower the intensity of Maltese cross. With the cross‐linking degrees (CLD) increasing from 0.00% to 97.79%, the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content of CLAPS is decreased from 66.50% to 16.34%, but the resistant starch (RS) content has the opposite trend and is increased from 29.87% to 82.77%. As the CLD increased, the solubility and swelling power of APS are significantly reduced from 10.24% and 16.52 g g−1 to 1.02% and 4.60 g g−1, respectively. Low CLD could increase viscosities of the APS, whereas high CLD significantly reduce the viscosities of the APS and the greater theCLD, the more obvious the reduction effect. Meanwhile, cross‐linked APS exhibits a high conclusion temperature and lower gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH). With the CLD increasing, short molecular ordered structure of CLAPS exhibits increasing trends. These results indicate that crosslinking with STMP can significantly alter digestibility and improve thermal stability of APS, which would provide a theoretical basis for development of APS products and could be used in low glycemic index (GI) foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of e-commerce, logistics and express services have penetrated into every aspect of people's life. Research on the optimization of logistics network model is helpful to reduce the waste of routes, improve the utilization rate of transportation tools and hubs, and thus reduce the organizational cost of logistics. In this paper, the basic model of hub-and-spoke network (HSN) is constructed based on the principle of minimizing the connection distance and total cost between hubs. By discretizing the particles in the continuous motion space, the discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is designed and the Exchange () exchange function is used to improve its search strategy to update the individual optimal value and the global optimal value. Finally, the improved double-layer discrete PSO algorithm is obtained to solve the logistics network model. The results show that the optimized PSO algorithm has faster convergence speed and higher precision, and the application of the logistics network model is helpful to integrate logistics resources, reduce logistics costs, and improve logistics efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewal of the myocardium by preexisting cardiomyocytes is a powerful strategy for restoring the architecture and function of hearts injured by myocardial infarction. To advance this strategy, we show that combining two clinically approved drugs, but neither alone, muscularizes the heart through cardiomyocyte proliferation. Specifically, in adult murine cardiomyocytes, metoprolol, a cardioselective β1-adrenergic receptor blocker, when given with triiodothyronine (T3, a thyroid hormone) accentuates the ability of T3 to stimulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and proliferative signaling by inhibiting expression of the nuclear phospho-ERK1/2-specific phosphatase, dual-specificity phosphatase-5. While short-duration metoprolol plus T3 therapy generates new heart muscle in healthy mice, in mice with myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular dysfunction and pathological remodeling, it remuscularizes the heart, restores contractile function and reverses chamber dilatation; outcomes that are enduring. If the beneficial effects of metoprolol plus T3 are replicated in humans, this therapeutic strategy has the potential to definitively address ischemic heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion understanding develops rapidly in early childhood. Firstborn children (N = 231, 55% girls/45% boys, 86% White, 5% Black, 3% Asian, 4% Latinx, Mage = 29.92 months) were recruited into a longitudinal study from 2004 to 2008 in the United States and administered a series of tasks assessing eight components of young children's emotion understanding from ages 1 to 5. Cohort sequential analysis across three cohorts (1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year‐olds) demonstrated a progression of children's emotion understanding from basic emotion identification to an understanding of false‐belief emotions, even after controlling for children's verbal ability. Emotion understanding scores were related to children's theory of mind and parent reports of empathy, but not emotional reactivity, providing evidence of both convergent and discriminant validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present here the results of the analysis of the complete genome sequence of a potentially temperate phage, vB_Sb_QDWS, which was isolated from wastewater samples collected in Qingdao, China. The genome of phage vB_Sb_QDWS is composed of a double-stranded DNA that is 47,902 bp in length with a G + C content of 63.16%. It is predicted to contain 69 putative protein-encoding genes. Microscopic and genomic analysis showed that vB_Sb_QDWS is a novel phage of the class Siphoviridae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals using engineered cyanobacteria is a promising strategy to tackle the global warming and energy shortage issues. However, most cyanobacteria are autotrophic and use CO2 as a sole carbon source, which makes it hard to compete with heterotrophic hosts in either growth or productivity. One strategy to overcome this bottleneck is to introduce sugar utilization pathways to enable photomixotrophic growth with CO2 and sugar (e.g., glucose and xylose). Advances in engineering mixotrophic cyanobacteria have been obtained, while a systematic interrogation of these engineered strains is missing. This work aimed to fill the gap at omics level. Results: We first constructed two engineered Synechococcus elongatus YQ2-gal and YQ3-xyl capable of utilizing glucose and xylose, respectively. To investigate the metabolic mechanism, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis were then performed in the engineered photomixotrophic strains YQ2-gal and YQ3-xyl. Transcriptome and metabolome of wild-type S. elongatus were set as baselines. Increased abundance of metabolites in glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway indicated that efficient sugar utilization significantly enhanced carbon flux in S. elongatus as expected. However, carbon flux was redirected in strain YQ2-gal as more flowed into fatty acids biosynthesis but less into amino acids. In strain YQ3-xyl, more carbon flux was directed into synthesis of sucrose, glucosamine and acetaldehyde, while less into fatty acids and amino acids. Moreover, photosynthesis and bicarbonate transport could be affected by upregulated genes, while nitrogen transport and assimilation were regulated by less transcript abundance of related genes in strain YQ3-xyl with utilization of xylose. Conclusions: Our work identified metabolic mechanism in engineered S. elongatus during photomixotrophic growth, where regulations of fatty acids metabolism, photosynthesis, bicarbonate transport, nitrogen assimilation and transport are dependent on different sugar utilization. Since photomixotrophic cyanobacteria is regarded as a promising cell factory for bioproduction, this comprehensive understanding of metabolic mechanism of engineered S. elongatus during photomixotrophic growth would shed light on the engineering of more efficient and controllable bioproduction systems based on this potential chassis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel zero‐dimensional dinuclear zinc complex, di‐μ‐acetato‐1:2κ4O:O′‐(μ‐2‐acetyl‐6‐{[(Z)‐2‐bromo‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl]azanidyl}phenolato‐1κ2O1,O2:2κ3O1,N,O6)(N,N‐dimethylacetamide‐1κO)dizinc(II), [Zn2(C11H8BrNO3)(CH3COO)2(C4H9NO)] or [Zn2(L)(CH3COO)2(DMA)], 1, was synthesized using (Z)‐3‐[(3‐acetyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)amino]‐2‐bromoprop‐2‐enal (H2L), which was synthesized from 1‐(3‐amino‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethanone and 2‐bromomalonaldehyde. H2L and 1 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FT–IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Theoretical calculations of the bond orders and excited state of H2L confirmed that there is extensive electron delocalization in the H2L molecules. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction shows that the two Zn atoms are pentacoordinated in distorted trigonal bipyramidal configurations in the crystals of 1. The thermogravimetric analysis of 1 shows that the main frame of the complex remains stable to about 190 °C. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis shows that 1 possesses high purity and acid and alkali resistance. The intermolecular interactions of H2L and 1 were analyzed using Hirshfeld surface analysis and the results indicate that the H...H and O...H interactions of H2L and 1 play a considerable role in stabilizing the self‐assembly process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugar metabolism by Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces ample amounts of CO2 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. High solubility of CO2 in fermentation media, contributing to enjoyable sensory properties of sparkling wine and beers by S. cerevisiae , might affect yeast metabolism. To elucidate the overlooked effects of CO2 on yeast metabolism, we examined glucose fermentation by S. cerevisiae under CO2 as compared to N2 and O2 limited conditions. While both CO2 and N2 conditions are considered anaerobic, less glycerol and acetate but more ethanol were produced under CO2 condition. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that significantly decreased mRNA levels of GPP1 coding for glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase in glycerol synthesis explained the reduced glycerol production under CO2 condition. Besides, transcriptional regulations in signal transduction, carbohydrate synthesis, heme synthesis, membrane and cell wall metabolism, and respiration were detected in response to CO2. Interestingly, signal transduction was uniquely regulated under CO2 condition, where upregulated genes (STE3 , MSB2 , WSC3 , STE12 , and TEC1) in the signal sensors and transcriptional factors suggested that MAPK signaling pathway plays a critical role in CO2 sensing and CO2-induced metabolisms in yeast. Our study identifies CO2 as an external stimulus for modulating metabolic activities in yeast and a transcriptional effector for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising energy source, natural gas hydrate production has ignited scientific research in multidisciplinary fields globally, generating a vast amount of literature. A review in multidisciplinary and international perspectives will contribute to a comprehensive understanding about this field. This paper maps the two-decade spatiotemporal landscapes of scientific research on natural gas hydrate (NGH) production with a bibliometric analysis. The landscapes suggested that the study on gas hydrate production covers multiple research fields and international collaboration. Research topics on NGH production experienced three stages involving resource exploration, productivity enhancement, and environmental issues. An analysis of the research with the most activity showed that Energy & Fuel, Chemical Engineering, and Multidisciplinary Geoscience were the most active, with Thermodynamics, Geological Engineering, Ocean Engineering, and Civil Engineering experiencing fast growth. In terms of the landscape of international collaboration, the United States and European countries were the main contributors in the early stage, followed by China after 2008. The breakthrough of the commercial production threshold relies on the international collaboration and the multidisciplinary research among Thermodynamics, Geological Engineering, Ocean Engineering and Civil Engineering to characterize the energy consumption, gas production rate, and reservoir stability. • A two-decade spatiotemporal landscape of scientific research on NGHs production is delineated with a bibliometric analysis. • Research landscapes visually show the evolution of topics, interdisciplinary intersection, and global collaboration pattern. • NGHs' commercial promise is assessed considering resource potential, production techniques, and environmental concerns. The reference co-citation network is a valuable tool for tracking the evolution of research topics. It highlights links between two references that are concurrently cited in a third article, with the link strength positively correlated to the number of articles that cite both references. Subsequently, the strongly lined references are grouped in a cluster with a topic, which is determined by extracting a phrase from the titles, keywords, and abstracts of the citing documents using the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) method. As a result, the co-citation network is divided into clusters with specific topics, providing insight into the topic evolution and the research frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AES is the most widely used symmetric cipher. Many cryptographic primitives are designed following the structure of AES, called AES-like ciphers. Mixture differential cryptanalysis is a structural cryptanalysis technique for AES, which gave the best key recovery attack on 5-round AES in the chosen-plaintext setting and attacks with practical data and memory complexities on round-reduced AES. In this paper, we study the mixture differential attacks on 6 rounds of AES-like ciphers, and propose two improved attacks towards optimizing time and data complexities respectively. As an application to AES, we give the improved mixture differential attack on 6 rounds of AES-128 with time complexity 2 62. 74 , reducing by a factor of 2 10. 26 compared with the previous mixture differential attack. For low data complexity, we show the improved 6-round mixture differential attack on AES-128 with data complexity 2 24. 05 , reducing by a factor of about 4. We also apply two attacks to 6 super-rounds of Saturnin, one of the second-round candidates in NIST lightweight cryptography standardization process, which is the first security evaluation of Saturnin against mixture differential cryptanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on TiO 2 nanorod arrays@PDA/Ag (TNRs@PDA/Ag), a better surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor with effective enrichment and enhancement was investigated for duplex SERS detection of illicit food dyes. Biomimetic PDA functions as binary mediators by utilizing the structural characteristics of polydopamine (PDA), which include the conjugated structure and abundant hydrophilic groups. One PDA functioned as an electron transfer mediator to enhance the efficiency of electron transfer, and the other as an enrichment mediator to effectively enrich rhodamine B (RhB) and crystal violet (CV) through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interactions. Individual and duplex detection of illicit food dyes (RhB and CV) was performed using TNRs@PDA/Ag to estimate SERS applications. Their linear equations and limits of detection of 1 nM for RhB and 5 nM for CV were derived. Individual and duplex food colour detection was successfully accomplished even in genuine chili meal with good results. The bifunctional TNRs@PDA/Ag-based highly sensitive and duplex SERS dye detection will have enormous potential for food safety monitoring. [Display omitted] • Biomimetic PDA was introduced to the semiconductor-Ag heterostructures for SERS applications. • Due to the structural features, PDA served as binary mediators of electron transfer and enrichment. • DFT was used to analyze the interactions between PDA and dyes to improve the efficient enrichment. • Individual and simultaneous detection of RhB and CV could be conducted in chili food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenjiao, Dajiao, Red banana, and Haigongjiao are four selected banana varieties cultivated in Hainan, China. However, there is still no overall study comparing their nutritional properties. Our aim was to investigate their proximate composition, vitamin C and B6, amino acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds while evaluating the influence of banana variety and cultivation site on these parameters. Results indicated that Haigongjiao (Chengmai) had the highest level of soluble sugar, protein, and vitamin C. Ten essential amino acids were present in all varieties. The ratio of essential to total and non-essential amino acids in Red banana and Haigongjiao (Chengmai) met the World Health Organization's criteria for ideal proteins. Twenty minerals were tested, K and Mg were the most abundant macro-elements in all samples with no harmful minerals. Red banana (Baoting) and (Waning) contained the highest Zn and Mn levels, respectively, while Red banana (Baoting) possessed the highest flavonoid, rutin, β-carotene, and 5-HT content. These findings suggested that Red banana and Haigongjiao possess a better nutritional profile. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that the physicochemical properties and vitamin content were more affected by banana variety than plantation site, while free amino acids, minerals, and bioactive compounds content were more affected by plantation site. • Haigongjiao showed the highest soluble sugars, proteins, and vitamin C. • All the varieties contained ten essential amino acids. • Among the twenty minerals tested, K and Mg were the most abundant. • Red banana exhibited the highest level of bioactive compounds. • Nutritional profile was more influenced by the plantation site than by the variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRHL3 is a factor associated with a tumor, of which the molecular mechanism remains a further investigation. We explored the underlying mechanism of tumor-promoting effect of GRHL3 in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is involved in the MEK1/2 pathway. The expression of GRHL3 was measured in CRC and adjacent normal tissue using qPCR and immunohistochemical staining. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown expression of GRHL3 was performed in the CRC cell line HT29. Cell proliferation and metastasis were assayed in vitro, and tumorigenicity was investigated in vivo. We found higher GRHL3 expression in colorectal cancer, which was negatively correlated with patients' prognosis. Results from studies in vitro and in vivo indicated that downregulation of GRHL3 expression inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and inhibited the activation of the MEK1/2 pathway. The effect of GRHL3 downexpression was the same as that of MEK1/2 antagonists on suppression of tumor growth and metastasis. Our results suggested that GRHL3 may act as an oncogene to promote tumor growth and metastasis via the MEK pathway in colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a pyrite‐based autotrophic denitrification (PAD) system, a polycaprolactone (PCL)‐supported heterotrophic denitrification (PHD) system, and a pyrite+PCL‐based split‐mixotrophic denitrification (PPMD) system were constructed. The pyrite particle size was controlled in 1–3, 3–5, or 5–8 mm in both the PAD and PPMD systems to investigate the effect of pyrite particle size on the denitrification performance of autotrophic or split‐mixotrophic bioreactors. It was found that the PAD system achieved the best denitrification efficiency with an average removal rate of 98.98% in the treatment of 1‐ to 3‐mm particle size, whereas it was only 19.24% in the treatment of 5‐ to 8‐mm particle size. At different phases of the whole experiment, the nitrate removal rates of both the PHD and PPMD systems remained stable at a high level (>94%). Compared with the PAD or PHD system, the PPMD system reduced the concentrations of sulfate and chemical oxygen demand in the final effluent efficiently. The interconnection network diagram explained the intrinsic metabolic pathways of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon in the three denitrification systems at different phases. In addition, the microbial community analysis showed that the PPMD system was beneficial for the enrichment of Firmicutes. Finally, the impact mechanism of pyrite particle size on the performance of the PPMD system was proposed. Practitioner Points: The reduction of pyrite particle size was beneficial for improving the efficiency of the PAD process.The change in particle size had an effect on NO2−‐N accumulation in the PAD system.The accumulation of NH4+‐N in the PPMD system increased with the decrease in particle size.The reduction of pyrite particle size increased the production of SO42− in the PAD and PPMD systems.The correlations among the effluent indicators of the PAD and PPMD systems could be well explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medium- to high-risk classification-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MH-GIST) have a high recurrence rate and are difficult to treat. This study aims to predict the recurrence of MH-GIST within 3 years after surgery based on clinical data and preoperative Delta-CT Radiomics modeling. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical imaging data of 242 cases confirmed to have MH-GIST after surgery, including 92 cases of recurrence and 150 cases of normal. The training set and test set were established using a 7:3 ratio and time cutoff point. In the training set, multiple prediction models were established based on clinical data of MH-GIST and the changes in radiomics texture of enhanced computed tomography (CT) at different time periods (Delta-CT radiomics). The area under curve (AUC) values of each model were compared using the Delong test, and the clinical net benefit of the model was tested using decision curve analysis (DCA). Then, the model was externally validated in the test set, and a novel nomogram predicting the recurrence of MH-GIST was finally created. Results: Univariate analysis confirmed that tumor volume, tumor location, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), diabetes, spicy hot pot, CT enhancement mode, and Radscore 1/2 were predictive factors for MH-GIST recurrence (P <.05). The combined model based on these above factors had significantly higher predictive performance (AUC = 0.895, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.839-0.937]) than the clinical data model (AUC = 0.735, 95% CI = [0.6 62-0.800]) and radiomics model (AUC = 0.842, 95% CI = [0.779-0.894]). Decision curve analysis also confirmed the higher clinical net benefit of the combined model, and the same results were validated in the test set. The novel nomogram developed based on the combined model helps predict the recurrence of MH-GIST. Conclusions: The nomogram of clinical and Delta-CT radiomics has important clinical value in predicting the recurrence of MH-GIST, providing reliable data reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WD40 domain-containing proteins constitute one of the most abundant protein families in all higher plants and play vital roles in the regulation of plant growth and developmental processes. To date, WD40 protein members have been identified in several plant species, but no report is available on the WD40 protein family in mango (Mangifera indica L.). In this study, a total of 315 WD40 protein members were identified in mango and further divided into 11 subgroups according to the phylogenetic tree. Here, we reported mango TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (MiTTG1) protein as a novel factor that functions in the regulation of Arabidopsis root growth and development. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay in tobacco leaves revealed that MiTTG1 protein physically interacts with MiMYB0, MiTT8 and MibHLH1, implying the formation of a new ternary regulatory complex (MYB-bHLH-WD40) in mango. Furthermore, the MiTTG1 transgenic lines were more adapted to abiotic stresses (mannitol, salt and drought stress) in terms of promoted root hairs and root lengths. Together, our findings indicated that MiTTG1 functions as a novel factor to modulate protein–protein interactions and enhance the plants abilities to adjust different abiotic stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A simple cycloruthenated complex for detecting Hg2+/Cu2+ was synthesized. • It can detect Hg2+/Cu2+ by significant spectral and color changes in water. • Slips of paper dyed with the complex were successfully used to recognize Hg2+ and Cu2+ by naked eyes, respectively. A cyclometalated ruthenium complex (1) with 2-phenylbenzimidazole as the ligand was synthesized and used as a colorimetric chemosensor to detect Hg2+ and Cu2+. It is interesting that the presence of Hg2+ caused a blue-shifted absorption of 1 from 560 to 450 nm resulting in a solution color change from red to yellow, while the addition of Cu2+ resulted in an attenuated absorption along with the solution color changing from red to colorless. Their corresponding detection limits were calculated to be 0.25 µM for Hg2+ and 0.45 µM for Cu2+, respectively. Moreover, the slips of paper were dyed with complex 1 and then successfully used to recognize Hg2+ and Cu2+ by naked eyes, respectively. Furthermore, 1 was also used to determine Hg2+ and Cu2+ in some spiked water samples, respectively. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in phage-host interactions. Shewanella baltica can't produce the N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) signal molecules but can eavesdrop on exogenous AHLs through its LuxR receptor. However, no clear evidence exists regarding the involvement of AHLs-mediated QS systems in S. baltica in regulating phage infection. Here, we report that AHLs modulated the phage resistance of S. baltica OS155. Specifically, we characterized a S. baltica phage vB_Sb_QDWS and preliminarily identified that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important receptor for phage vB_Sb_QDWS. AHLs could protect S. baltica against phage infection by decreasing LPS-mediated phage adsorption. The expression of genes galU and tkt , which are essential for LPS synthesis, down-regulated significantly in response to AHLs autoinducers. Our finding confirms the important roles of QS in virus-host interactions and would be helpful to develop novel phage strategies for food spoilage control. • QS autoinducers AHLs could modulate the phage resistance of Shewanella baltica. • S. baltica could defend against phage infection by inhibiting phage adsorption. • LPS synthesis-related genes, galU , and tkt , were down-regulated in response to AHLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiomyocytes of newborn mice proliferate after injury or exposure to growth factors. However, these responses are diminished after postnatal day-6 (P6), representing a barrier to building new cardiac muscle in adults. We have previously shown that exogenous thyroid hormone (T3) stimulates cardiomyocyte proliferation in P2 cardiomyocytes, by activating insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-mediated ERK1/2 signaling. But whether exogenous T3 functions as a mitogen in post-P6 murine hearts is not known. Here, we show that exogenous T3 increases the cardiomyocyte endowment of P8 hearts, but the proliferative response is confined to cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular (LV) apex. Exogenous T3 stimulates proliferative ERK1/2 signaling in apical cardiomyocytes, but not in those of the LV base, which is inhibited by expression of the nuclear phospho-ERK1/2-specific dual-specificity phosphatase, DUSP5. Developmentally, between P7 and P14, DUSP5 expression increases in the myocardium from the LV base to its apex; after this period, it is uniformly expressed throughout the LV. In young adult hearts, exogenous T3 increases cardiomyocyte numbers after DUSP5 depletion, which might be useful for eliciting cardiac regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain CGJ02-2 was isolated from the coral reefs in South China sea and deposited in South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Active compounds including indole, ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde were isolated from this strain. To explore the biosynthetic way of these compounds and search gene clusters, the complete genome of this strain was sequenced by Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) technology. It was de novo assembled to two circular chromosomes of 3,400,283 bp with GC% 44.77 and 1,845,572 bp with GC% 44.59 respectively and classified as Vibrio alginolyticus. In silico phenotype features of Vibrio alginolyticus CGJ02-2 were also analyzed. The biosynthetic pathway of ρ-hydroxybenzaldehyde and indole in this strain were postulated. Gene clusters of four secondary metabolites including bacteriocin, ectoine, siderophore, arylpolyene were identified. This study provides helpful information for further utilizing Vibrio alginolyticus CGJ02-2 as a source of valuable bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White matter hyperintensities (WMH) is mainly caused by cerebrovascular injury and may also increase the possibilities of progression to Alzheimer's disease. The present study aims to determine whether plasma neurofilament light (NFL) protein levels could predict the progression of WMH volume in elderly persons without dementia. The present study enrolled 1029 non-dementia participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in which all had measurements of plasma NFL and WMH at baseline and 589 had longitudinal measurements during follow-up. Spearman correlation analyses and regression models were used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma NFL and WMH. Plasma NFL concentration had a moderately strong correlation with WMH at baseline (r = 0.17, p < 0.001). Longitudinal analyses showed that higher baseline plasma NFL concentration was associated with accelerated progression of WMH (β=0.015, p = 0.007). Furthermore, higher change rates of plasma NFL could predict faster progression of WMH in the future (β=0.581, p = 0.002). The results of the study suggest that plasma NFL level might be used as a noninvasive biomarker to track variation trend in WMH in elderly persons without dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (mROS) are frequently associated with DNA damage and cell cycle arrest, but physiological increases in mROS serve to regulate specific cell functions. T3 is a major regulator of mROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Here we show that exogenous thyroid hormone (T3) administration increases cardiomyocyte numbers in neonatal murine hearts. The mechanism involves signaling by mitochondria-generated H2O2 (mH2O2) acting via the redox sensor, peroxiredoxin-1, a thiol peroxidase with high reactivity towards H2O2 that activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2α2 (JNK2α2). JNK2α2, a relatively rare member of the JNK family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphorylates c-Jun, a component of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) early response transcription factor, resulting in enhanced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression and activation of proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. This non-canonical mechanism of MAPK activation couples T3 actions on mitochondria to cell cycle activation. Although T3 is regarded as a maturation factor for cardiomyocytes, these studies identify a novel redox pathway that is permissive for T3-mediated cardiomyocyte proliferation—this because of the expression of a pro-proliferative JNK isoform that results in growth factor elaboration and ERK1/2 cell cycle activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nanocomposite consisting of rod-like Sb2Se3 and fiberous palygorskite (Pal) was prepared using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a pillaring agent to change Pal microstructure. CTAB optimal dosage was 0.2 g (versus 0.388 g of Pal). Sb2Se3/Pal has a high catalytic activity towards the catalytic reduction of p -nitrophenol to p -aminophenol while in the presence of NaBH4 at room temperature. The excellent performance is attributed to dispersion of rod-like Sb2Se3 in fiberous Pal which promoted more active sites exposure. The results provide new ideas for preparing new catalysts. Rod-like Sb2Se3/palygorskite nanocomposite catalyst has been successfully fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The concentration of CTAB plays a key role in expanding fiberous palygorskite nanostructures for facilitating Sb2Se3 well-dispersion. The Sb2Se3/palygorskite nanocomposite exhibited high catalytic activity for p-nitrophenol reduction at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fluorescent probes have been valuable tools for bioanalytical multiplex assays. However, as a common phenomenon in multiplex fluorescence assays, spectral overlap usually leads to difficulty in spectral analysis for multiple analytes. Although multiway calibrations have provided mathematic approaches for complex spectral analysis, it remains a grand challenge for these methods in practical applications because of the problems such as prior rank estimation. Herein, we report a novel second-order calibration algorithm of alternating residual trilinearization (ART) for the decomposition of complex spectra generated from multiplex fluorescence assays. By alternating iterative convergence to the spectral profiles of each component in convergence process, ART enables automatic rank estimation for second-order calibration, thus able to avoid the risk of chemical meaningless fitting of component spectra. Combined with fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, the performance of ART has been demonstrated by a simulated example and an analytical experiment performed using molecular beacons (MBs) for the simultaneous assay of three breast cancer related DNA targets. The results revealed that the proposed algorithm is capable of automatic estimating the number of underlying components during its convergence process to produce acceptable performance in spectral profile resolution and concentration estimation. Compared with other existing iterative trilinear decomposition strategies such as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) requiring a prior rank estimation, the proposed ART therefore provides a robust second-order calibration strategy for complex spectral analysis in multiplex fluorescence assays. Graphical abstract In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with a novel chemometric algorithm, alternating residual trilinearization (ART), was used to simultaneous assay of three nucleic acid targets based on molecular beacons (MBs) with desirable performance. fx1 Highlights • A novel alternating residual trilinearization (ART) algorithm. • Automatic rank estimation of ART for second-order calibration of three-way data. • Good performance of ART demonstrated using data generated from multiple DNA detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The investigation of intracellular metabolism is the mainstay in the biotechnology and physiology settings. Intracellular metabolic rates are commonly evaluated using labeling pattern of the identified metabolites obtained from stable isotope labeling experiments. The labeling pattern or mass distribution vector describes the fractional abundances of all isotopologs with different masses as a result of isotopic labeling, which are typically resolved using mass spectrometry. Because naturally occurring isotopes and isotopic impurity also contribute to measured signals, the measured patterns must be corrected to obtain the labeling patterns. Since contaminant isotopologs with the same nominal mass can be resolved using modern mass spectrometers with high mass resolution, the correction process should be resolution dependent. Results: Here we present a software tool, ElemCor, to perform correction of such data in a resolution-dependent manner. The tool is based on mass difference theory (MDT) and information from unlabeled samples (ULS) to account for resolution effects. MDT is a mathematical theory and only requires chemical formulae to perform correction. ULS is semi-empirical and requires additional measurement of isotopologs from unlabeled samples. We validate both methods and show their improvement in accuracy and comprehensiveness over existing methods using simulated data and experimental data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The tool is available at https://github.com/4dsoftware/elemcor. Conclusions: We present a software tool based on two methods, MDT and ULS, to correct LC-MS data from isotopic labeling experiments for natural abundance and isotopic impurity. We recommend MDT for low-mass compounds for cost efficiency in experiments, and ULS for high-mass compounds with relatively large spectral inaccuracy that can be tracked by unlabeled standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Pathological proteins of AD mainly contain amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau. Their deposition will lead to neuron damage by a series of pathways, and then induce memory and cognitive impairment. Thus, it is pivotal to understand the clearance pathways of Aβ and tau in order to delay or even halt AD. Aβ clearance mechanisms include ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome, proteases, microglial phagocytosis, and transport from the brain to the blood via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), arachnoid villi and blood-CSF barrier, which can be named blood circulatory clearance. Recently, lymphatic clearance has been demonstrated to play a key role in transport of Aβ into cervical lymph nodes. The discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels is another direct evidence for lymphatic clearance in the brain. Furthermore, periphery clearance also contributes to Aβ clearance. Tau clearance is almost the same as Aβ clearance. In this review, we will mainly introduce the clearance mechanisms of Aβ and tau proteins, and summarize corresponding targeted drug therapies for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from the functional theory of emotion, anger is proposed to serve adaptive functions such as motivating children to persist in overcoming difficulties to achieve their goals, whereas sadness helps children to shift attention away from goals that they determine cannot be attained. Despite the theorized importance of anger to persistence, it does not always relate to persistence in expected ways empirically; the role that sadness might play in how anger relates to persistence is often not considered even though children often experience both anger and sadness when goals are blocked. We hypothesized that how anger relates to persistence would depend on the level of sadness that children felt and, thus, tested sadness as a moderator of the relation of anger to persistence. We expected that the relation of anger to persistence would be stronger when sadness is lower. Child anger, sadness, and persistence were observed in a locked-box frustration task when children were 4 or 5 years old ( N  = 116). Although higher levels of child anger were associated with more persistence, the association between anger and persistence was stronger when sadness was lower than when sadness was higher. The findings indicate that children’s ability to use the motivational aspects of anger to promote persistence may depend on the levels of sadness felt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified de Bruijn sequences are created by removing a single zero from the longest run of zeros of de Bruijn sequences. There are few theoretical results on the minimal polynomial and linear complexity of modified de Bruijn sequences. Some preliminary results are presented in this paper. It shows that for the minimal polynomial of a modified de Bruijn sequence of order n there exists at least one irreducible factor of degree n . An equivalent condition on which a polynomial is the minimal polynomial of some modified de Bruijn sequence is derived, using the tool of rational fraction representation of periodic sequences. Based on the equivalent condition, the impossible linear complexity of modified de Bruijn sequences can be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a new strategy was developed to fabricate an oriented cellulase/chitosan/Fe3O4 composite, which possesses extremely high activity, reusability, and stability. Compared to the conventional methods, herein, cellulase was first mixed with cellulose; this allowed the active-centers of cellulase to combine with cellulose tightly. Then, the cellulase/cellulose mixture was immediately embedded into chitosan (CS) layers, which were coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. After hydrolyzing the cellulose, a flexible hollow structure was obtained. The activity of immobilized cellulase was still maintained over 50% even after 15 uses; this indicated that the composite we fabricated herein possessed much higher activity and reusability as compared to those reported in other studies. The promising stability and activity of the immobilized cellulase is very important for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sb2Se3 can readily form long, 1D rod-shaped structures due to the intrinsic properties of orthorhombic Sb2Se3 crystals. Herein, short, 1D rod-shaped Sb2Se3 was synthesized by a facile mixed solvothermal method with tartaric acid (TA) assistance, and the synthetic mechanism is illustrated. Different sizes of 1D Sb2Se3 nanorods could be achieved by controlling the reaction temperature and using THF as a solvent to increase the reaction pressure. The formation of long, 1D rod-shaped Sb2Se3 when sodium tartrate was added instead of tartaric acid was explained by the coordination and dissociation equilibrium of antimony potassium tartrate. The effect of different amounts of TA on Sb2Se3 morphology was interpreted based on the precipitation–dissolution equilibrium of Sb2Se3. This study provides an effective method to control the sizes of Sb2Se3 nanorods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A type of quick water-responsive shape memory hybrids is fabricated by introducing cellulose nanofibrous mats as the filler in a polymeric matrix. Cellulose nanofibrous mats are obtained through hydrolyzing electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers, then casted in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) solution to form the hybrids. The quick shape memory behavior of the formed hybrids is demonstrated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and stress-strain cyclic test. According to a predetermined protocol, the hybrids present desirable shape fixation and recovery, and the elastic modulus (E′) is shown to be responsive promptly and reversibly against drying and wetting cycle. Shape memory mechanism of the hybrids involves the reversible and competitive hydrogen bonds within cellulose before and after water immersion as well as the entropy elasticity of the TPU matrix. This study can pave a way to design novel smart materials by facile methods through incorporating natural nanomaterials as water sensitive fillers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 767-775 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root rot caused by Fusarium sp., a ubiquitous soilborne disease, leads to huge economic losses for tobacco cultivation in China. However, comprehensive knowledge about the interactions between this fungal pathogen and other members of soil and endophytic fungal communities is very limited. In this study, how the invasion process of root rot disease affect the fungal communities of soils and endophytes was systematically studied by using both internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and molecular ecological network analysis (MENA). The root endophytic fungal community diversity of root rot was 23.99 % and 76.27 % higher than healthy roots according to Shannon and Inv-Simpson indices, respectively. By integrating both community composition analysis and field disease symptoms, the root rot pathogen of this study was identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii. Soil and endophytic fungal communities affected by this pathogen showed more complex network structures and greater number of interaction relationships than those of healthy plants. Besides, the pathogen F. oxysporum had successfully invaded the roots and become a keystone species of endophytic fungal community during the invasion process. In addition, the genera Haematonectria and Ceratobasidium were positively correlated with the pathogen while the genera Eupenicillium , Alternaria , and two unclassified fungi were negatively correlated with the pathogen in the networks of infected roots. These fungi may play important roles in assisting and resisting root rot pathogen invasion, respectively. • Endophytic fungal community of root rot showed significantly higher diversity than healthy roots. • Soil and endophytic fungal community compositions were altered by Fusarium root rot invasion. • Soil and endophytic fungi from infected plants had more species interactions. • Root endophytic fungi were associated with assistance or resistance to root rot pathogen invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[C10H17N5O], monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.12150(10) Å, b = 13.2833(2) Å, c = 11.0258(2) Å, β = 110.083(2)°, V = 1117.14(3) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0311, wRref(F2) = 0.0790, T = 100(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart disease is a leading cause of death in adults. Here, we show that a few days after coronary artery ligation and reperfusion, the ischemia-injured heart elaborates the cardioprotective polypeptide, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which activates IGF-1 receptor prosurvival signaling and improves cardiac left ventricular systolic function. However, this signaling is antagonized by the chymase, mouse mast cell protease 4 (MMCP-4), which degrades IGF-1. We found that deletion of the gene encoding MMCP-4 (Mcpt4), markedly reduced late, but not early, infarct size by suppressing IGF-1 degradation and, consequently, diminished cardiac dysfunction and adverse structural remodeling. Our findings represent the first demonstration to our knowledge of tissue IGF-1 regulation through proteolytic degradation and suggest that chymase inhibition may be a viable therapeutic approach to enhance late cardioprotection in postischemic heart disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bilayered nanofibrous mats (BNFs) were fabricated through sequential electrospinning of polyurethane and gelatin. Due to the bilayered construction and individual performance of each layer, the obtained BNFs show different surface wettability in double layers. Meanwhile, BNFs have desirable thermally regulated water vapor transmission rate, water-absorption ratio and adhesive force between the two layers. In addition, the BNFs show satisfactory antibacterial activity and hemostatic property. Therefore, the prepared BNFs can be used as novel wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]