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5. Initial experimental results on a superconducting-qubit reset based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling

Author

Sevriuk, V. A., Liu, W., Rönkkö, J., Hsu, H., Marxer, F., Mörstedt, T. F., Partanen, M., Räbinä, J., Venkatesh, M., Hotari, J., Grönberg, L., Heinsoo, J., Li, T., Tuorila, J., Chan, K. W., Hassel, J., Tan, K. Y., and Möttönen, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

We present here our recent results on qubit reset scheme based on a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR). In particular, we use the photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling through a superconductor--insulator--normal-metal--insulator--superconductor junction to controllably decrease the energy relaxation time of the qubit during the QCR operation. In our experiment, we use a transmon qubit with dispersive readout. The QCR is capacitively coupled to the qubit through its normal-metal island. We employ rapid, square-shaped QCR control voltage pulses with durations in the range of 2--350 ns and a variety of amplitudes to optimize the reset time and fidelity. Consequently, we reach a qubit ground-state probability of roughly 97% with 80-ns pulses starting from the first excited state. The qubit state probability is extracted from averaged readout signal, where the calibration is based of the Rabi oscillations, thus not distinguishing the residual thermal population of the qubit.

Published
2022
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7. Quantum circuits with many photons on a programmable nanophotonic chip

Author

Arrazola, J. M., Bergholm, V., Brádler, K., Bromley, T. R., Collins, M. J., Dhand, I., Fumagalli, A., Gerrits, T., Goussev, A., Helt, L. G., Hundal, J., Isacsson, T., Israel, R. B., Izaac, J., Jahangiri, S., Janik, R., Killoran, N., Kumar, S. P., Lavoie, J., Lita, A. E., Mahler, D. H., Menotti, M., Morrison, B., Nam, S. W., Neuhaus, L., Qi, H. Y., Quesada, N., Repingon, A., Sabapathy, K. K., Schuld, M., Su, D., Swinarton, J., Száva, A., Tan, K., Tan, P., Vaidya, V. D., Vernon, Z., Zabaneh, Z., and Zhang, Y.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Growing interest in quantum computing for practical applications has led to a surge in the availability of programmable machines for executing quantum algorithms. Present day photonic quantum computers have been limited either to non-deterministic operation, low photon numbers and rates, or fixed random gate sequences. Here we introduce a full-stack hardware-software system for executing many-photon quantum circuits using integrated nanophotonics: a programmable chip, operating at room temperature and interfaced with a fully automated control system. It enables remote users to execute quantum algorithms requiring up to eight modes of strongly squeezed vacuum initialized as two-mode squeezed states in single temporal modes, a fully general and programmable four-mode interferometer, and genuine photon number-resolving readout on all outputs. Multi-photon detection events with photon numbers and rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration on a programmable device are made possible by strong squeezing and high sampling rates. We verify the non-classicality of the device output, and use the platform to carry out proof-of-principle demonstrations of three quantum algorithms: Gaussian boson sampling, molecular vibronic spectra, and graph similarity.

Published
2021
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8. Squeezed light from a nanophotonic molecule

Author

Zhang, Y., Menotti, M., Tan, K., Vaidya, V. D., Mahler, D. H., Helt, L. G., Zatti, L., Liscidini, M., Morrison, B., and Vernon, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Photonic molecules are composed of two or more optical resonators, arranged such that some of the modes of each resonator are coupled to those of the other. Such structures have been used for emulating the behaviour of two-level systems, lasing, and on-demand optical storage and retrieval. Coupled resonators have also been used for dispersion engineering of integrated devices, enhancing their performance for nonlinear optical applications. Delicate engineering of such integrated nonlinear structures is required for developing scalable sources of non-classical light to be deployed in quantum information processing systems. In this work, we demonstrate a photonic molecule composed of two coupled microring resonators on an integrated nanophotonic chip, designed to generate strongly squeezed light uncontaminated by noise from unwanted parasitic nonlinear processes. By tuning the photonic molecule to selectively couple and thus hybridize only the modes involved in the unwanted processes, suppression of parasitic parametric fluorescence is accomplished. This strategy enables the use of microring resonators for the efficient generation of degenerate squeezed light: without it, simple single-resonator structures cannot avoid contamination from nonlinear noise without significantly compromising pump power efficiency, and are thus limited to generating only weak degenerate squeezing. We use this device to generate 8(1) dB of broadband degenerate squeezed light on-chip, with 1.65(1) dB directly measured, which is the largest amount of squeezing yet reported from any nanophotonic source., Comment: Significantly updated: improved data, results, and experimental details

Published
2020
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9. Inverse flexoelectret effect: bending dielectrics by a uniform electric field

Author

Wen, X., Tan, K., Deng, Q., and Shen, S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract

It is highly desirable to discover an electromechanical coupling that allows a dielectric material to generate curvature in response to a uniform electric field, which would add a new degree of freedom for designing actuators. Flexoelectricity, a two-way coupling between polarization and strain gradient, is a good candidate. But its applications are usually limited to the nanoscale due to its inherent size dependence. Here, an inverse flexoelectret effect in silicone elastomers is introduced to overcome this limitation. Based on this idea, a flexing actuator which can generate large curvature at the millimeter length scale is fabricated and shown to have excellent actuation performance comparable with current nanoscale flexoelectric actuators. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new phenomenon originates from the interplay of electrets and Maxwell stress. This work opens an avenue for applying macroscopic flexoelectricity in actuators and flexible electronics.

Published
2020
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10. Robot-Assisted Percutaneous Balloon Compression in Elderly Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia

Author

Tan K, Li J, Peng Y, Wu W, Yang Z, and Wang Y

Subjects
trigeminal neuralgia, robotics, percutaneous balloon compression, stereotactic neurosurgery, technique, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Ke Tan, Jinping Li, Yutao Peng, Wenqian Wu, Ziwen Yang, Yu Wang, Yang Wang Department of Neurosurgery, BeiJing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ke Tan, Email tan.k@263.netObjective: To investigate the clinical effects of percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) for trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients with the assistance of a neurosurgical navigation and positioning planning system (referred to hereafter as the robot).Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 11 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Preoperative TOF MRA, T2WI-SPACE, and thin-slice CT scans were performed, and the volume of Meckel’s Cave was calculated by multi-modal image fusion on a workstation. Surgical planning involved two paths. Path A was the actual puncture path, the target point was the anterior inner quadrant of the inner opening of the foramen ovale; Path B represented a virtual path for measurement, and was used to plan the depth of balloon placement. The foramen ovale puncture for path A was completed under the guidance of a robotic arm adapter, while path B was completed under lateral X-ray fluoroscopy with a DSA machine. The balloon was placed at a predetermined depth, and filled to a “pear” shape to complete the operation. Preliminary follow-up results were obtained by considering VAS score and BNI classification.Results: The foramen ovale was successfully punctured in all 11 patients and entered Meckel’s Cave, the balloon was then filled to create a “pear shape”. Immediate complete healing was achieved in 10 patients and delayed healing was achieved in one patient by the 5th postoperative day. No serious complications were identified that were related to surgery, and over a follow-up time of 1– 12 months, there was no recurrence of pain, and a BNI numbness grade of 2– 3 points. The appropriate ratio of the balloon inflated volume to the preoperative Meckel’s Cave volume was approximately 1.7.Conclusion: Preliminary clinical application and short-term follow-up showed that robot-assisted PBC surgery is a safe and effective surgical method for elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia.Keywords: trigeminal neuralgia, robotics, percutaneous balloon compression, stereotactic neurosurgery, technique

Published
2023

13. Stimulated Four-Wave Mixing in Linearly Uncoupled Resonators

Author

Tan, K., Menotti, M., Vernon, Z., Sipe, J. E., Liscidini, M., and Morrison, B.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate stimulated four-wave mixing in two linearly uncoupled integrated Si$_3$N$_4$ micro-resonators. In our structure the resonance combs of each resonator can be tuned independently, with the energy transfer from one resonator to the other occurring in the presence of a nonlinear interaction. This method allows flexible and efficient on-chip control of the nonlinear interaction, and is readily applicable to other third-order nonlinear phenomena.

Published
2019
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14. Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device

Author

Vaidya, V. D., Morrison, B., Helt, L. G., Shahrokhshahi, R., Mahler, D. H., Collins, M. J., Tan, K., Lavoie, J., Repingon, A., Menotti, M., Quesada, N., Pooser, R. C., Lita, A. E., Gerrits, T., Nam, S. W., and Vernon, Z.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We report demonstrations of both quadrature squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number-resolving transition edge sensors. We measure $1.0(1)$~dB of broadband quadrature squeezing (${\sim}4$~dB inferred on-chip) and $1.5(3)$~dB of photon number difference squeezing (${\sim}7$~dB inferred on-chip). Nearly-single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations $g^{(2)}$ as high as $1.95(1)$. Multi-photon events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology., Comment: Minor revisions, and Fig. 5 corrected; Now published in Science Advances

Published
2019
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15. Silicon quantum processor unit cell operation above one Kelvin

Author

Yang, C. H., Leon, R. C. C., Hwang, J. C. C., Saraiva, A., Tanttu, T., Huang, W., Lemyre, J. Camirand, Chan, K. W., Tan, K. Y., Hudson, F. E., Itoh, K. M., Morello, A., Pioro-Ladrière, M., Laucht, A., and Dzurak, A. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum computers are expected to outperform conventional computers for a range of important problems, from molecular simulation to search algorithms, once they can be scaled up to large numbers of quantum bits (qubits), typically millions. For most solid-state qubit technologies, e.g. those using superconducting circuits or semiconductor spins, scaling poses a significant challenge as every additional qubit increases the heat generated, while the cooling power of dilution refrigerators is severely limited at their operating temperature below 100 mK. Here we demonstrate operation of a scalable silicon quantum processor unit cell, comprising two qubits confined to quantum dots (QDs) at $\sim$1.5 Kelvin. We achieve this by isolating the QDs from the electron reservoir, initialising and reading the qubits solely via tunnelling of electrons between the two QDs. We coherently control the qubits using electrically-driven spin resonance (EDSR) in isotopically enriched silicon $^{28}$Si, attaining single-qubit gate fidelities of 98.6% and coherence time $T_2^*$ = 2$\mu$s during `hot' operation, comparable to those of spin qubits in natural silicon at millikelvin temperatures. Furthermore, we show that the unit cell can be operated at magnetic fields as low as 0.1 T, corresponding to a qubit control frequency of 3.5 GHz, where the qubit energy is well below the thermal energy. The unit cell constitutes the core building block of a full-scale silicon quantum computer, and satisfies layout constraints required by error correction architectures. Our work indicates that a spin-based quantum computer could be operated at elevated temperatures in a simple pumped $^4$He system, offering orders of magnitude higher cooling power than dilution refrigerators, potentially enabling classical control electronics to be integrated with the qubit array.

Published
2019
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16. Coherent spin control of s-, p-, d- and f-electrons in a silicon quantum dot

Author

Leon, R. C. C., Yang, C. H., Hwang, J. C. C., Lemyre, J. Camirand, Tanttu, T., Huang, W., Chan, K. W., Tan, K. Y., Hudson, F. E., Itoh, K. M., Morello, A., Laucht, A., Pioro-Ladriere, M., Saraiva, A., and Dzurak, A. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Once the periodic properties of elements were unveiled, chemical bonds could be understood in terms of the valence of atoms. Ideally, this rationale would extend to quantum dots, often termed artificial atoms, and quantum computation could be performed by merely controlling the outer-shell electrons of dot-based qubits. Imperfections in the semiconductor material, including at the atomic scale, disrupt this analogy between atoms and quantum dots, so that real devices seldom display such a systematic many-electron arrangement. We demonstrate here an electrostatically-defined quantum dot that is robust to disorder, revealing a well defined shell structure. We observe four shells (31 electrons) with multiplicities given by spin and valley degrees of freedom. We explore various fillings consisting of a single valence electron -- namely 1, 5, 13 and 25 electrons -- as potential qubits, and we identify fillings that yield a total spin-1 on the dot. An integrated micromagnet allows us to perform electrically-driven spin resonance (EDSR). Higher shell states are shown to be more susceptible to the driving field, leading to faster Rabi rotations of the qubit. We investigate the impact of orbital excitations of the p- and d-shell electrons on single qubits as a function of the dot deformation. This allows us to tune the dot excitation spectrum and exploit it for faster qubit control. Furthermore, hotspots arising from this tunable energy level structure provide a pathway towards fast spin initialisation. The observation of spin-1 states may be exploited in the future to study symmetry-protected topological states in antiferromagnetic spin chains and their application to quantum computing.

Published
2019
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17. Quantum error correction assisted quantum metrology without entanglement

Author

Tan, K. C., Omkar, S., and Jeong, H.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

In this article we study the role that quantum resources play in quantum error correction assisted quantum metrology (QECQM) schemes. We show that there exist classes of such problems where entanglement is not necessary to retrieve noise free evolution and Heisenberg scaling in the long time limit. Over short time scales, noise free evolution is also possible even without any form of quantum correlations. In particular, for qubit probes, we show that whenever noise free quantum metrology is possible via QECQM, entanglement free schemes over long time scales and correlation free schemes over short time scales are always possible., Comment: 15 pages, 1 Figure

Published
2019
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18. Nonlinear Coupling of Linearly Uncoupled Resonators

Author

Menotti, M., Morrison, B., Tan, K., Vernon, Z., Sipe, J. E., and Liscidini, M.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate a system composed of two resonators that are coupled solely through a nonlinear interaction, and where the linear properties of each resonator can be controlled locally. We show that this class of dynamical systems has peculiar properties with important consequences for the study of classical and quantum nonlinear optical phenomena. As an example we discuss the case of dual-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing., Comment: 4 Figures

Published
2018
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19. Single-spin qubits in isotopically enriched silicon at low magnetic field

Author

Zhao, R., Tanttu, T., Tan, K. Y., Hensen, B., Chan, K. W., Hwang, J. C. C., Leon, R. C. C., Yang, C. H., Gilbert, W., Hudson, F. E., Itoh, K. M., Kiselev, A. A., Ladd, T. D., Morello, A., Laucht, A., and Dzurak, A. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Single-electron spin qubits employ magnetic fields on the order of 1 Tesla or above to enable quantum state readout via spin-dependent-tunnelling. This requires demanding microwave engineering for coherent spin resonance control and significant on-chip real estate for electron reservoirs, both of which limit the prospects for large scale multi-qubit systems. Alternatively, singlet-triplet (ST) readout enables high-fidelity spin-state measurements in much lower magnetic fields, without the need for reservoirs. Here, we demonstrate low-field operation of metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) quantum dot qubits by combining coherent single-spin control with high-fidelity, single-shot, Pauli-spin-blockade-based ST readout. We discover that the qubits decohere faster at low magnetic fields with $T_{2}^{Rabi}=18.6$~$\mu$s and $T_2^*=1.4$~$\mu$s at 150~mT. Their coherence is limited by spin flips of residual $^{29}$Si nuclei in the isotopically enriched $^{28}$Si host material, which occur more frequently at lower fields. Our finding indicates that new trade-offs will be required to ensure the frequency stabilization of spin qubits and highlights the importance of isotopic enrichment of device substrates for the realization of a scalable silicon-based quantum processor.

Published
2018
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22. Scalable squeezed light source for continuous variable quantum sampling

Author

Vernon, Z., Quesada, N., Liscidini, M., Morrison, B., Menotti, M., Tan, K., and Sipe, J. E.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We propose a novel squeezed light source capable of meeting the stringent requirements of continuous variable quantum sampling. Using the effective $\chi_2$ interaction induced by a strong driving beam in the presence of the $\chi_3$ response in an integrated microresonator, our device is compatible with established nanophotonic fabrication platforms. With typical realistic parameters, squeezed states with a mean photon number of 10 or higher can be generated in a single consistent temporal mode at repetition rates in excess of 100MHz. Over 15dB of squeezing is achievable in existing ultra-low loss platforms.

Published
2018
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23. Nanobolometer with Ultralow Noise Equivalent Power

Author

Kokkoniemi, R., Govenius, J., Vesterinen, V., Lake, R. E., Gunyho, A. M., Tan, K. Y., Simbierowicz, S., Grönberg, L., Lehtinen, J., Prunnila, M., Hassel, J., Saira, O. -P., and Möttönen, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Since the introduction of bolometers more than a century ago, they have been applied in a broad spectrum of contexts ranging from security and the construction industry to particle physics and astronomy. However, emerging technologies and missions call for faster bolometers with lower noise. Here, we demonstrate a nanobolometer that exhibits roughly an order of magnitude lower noise equivalent power, $20\textrm{ zW}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$, than previously reported for any bolometer. Importantly, it is more than an order of magnitude faster than other low-noise bolometers, with a time constant of 30 $\mu$s at $60\textrm{ zW}/\sqrt{\textrm{Hz}}$. These results suggest a calorimetric energy resolution of $0.3\textrm{ zJ}=h\times 0.4$ THz with a time constant of 30 $\mu$s. Thus the introduced nanobolometer is a promising candidate for future applications requiring extreme precision and speed such as those in astronomy and terahertz photon counting.

Published
2018
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24. Recurrent rhinosporidiosis: A case report from Malaysia and review of literature

Author

Tan K Tong, Ismaliza Ismail, Nik M Yunus Mohammad, Suryati M Yusoff, and Afifulhadi M Sahri

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Over the decades, rhinosporidiosis has remained an enigma. It is a recalcitrant disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi , primarily affecting the nasal cavity, conjunctiva, and less frequently involved sites, including skin, urethra, and others. We report a case of a local from Sabah who has presented with recurring symptoms of nasal obstruction and epistaxis for two decades. He had previously undergone multiple endoscopic excisional surgeries before receiving treatment at our centre. Otorhinolaryngeal examination revealed polypoidal masses occupying bilateral nasal cavities with a perforation of the nasal septum. He underwent surgical resection of the lesions, and the histopathological examination confirmed recurrent rhinosporidiosis. Due to its sporistatic effects, dapsone was chosen as the pharmacological treatment in this case. However, after a year of follow-up, he developed similar symptoms and the endoscopic findings, indicated a recurrence of the disease. The histopathological samples obtained during the repeated surgery for recurrent polypoidal masses, confirmed the diagnosis of rhinosporiodiosis. As the disease poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, clinicians should be prudent in establishing the diagnosis in non-endemic areas, such as Malaysia, and evaluating the possibility of recurrence.

Published
2023
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27. Middle Leaders' Perceptions and Actions on Assessment: The Technical, Tactical and Ethical

Author

Tay, H. Y., Tan, K. H. K., Deneen, C. C., Leong, W. S., Fulmer, Gavin W., and Brown, Gavin T. L.

Abstract

Assessment leadership has often been associated with school leaders (SL), comprising principals and vice-principals. This study aimed to examine the under-researched assessment leadership role of Middle Leaders (ML) instead. Data was drawn from a larger, mixed-methods project that involved a self-report questionnaire administered to principals, MLs and teachers across twelve schools as well as observations and one-to-one interviews with one ML each from seven schools. The study found that Assessment for Learning (AfL) has gained some traction among the MLs because of the assessment practices they value, they rate more highly those more associated with AfL, particularly Student Involvement and Engagement; compared with Grading / Reporting which is more directly related to summative assessments. In particular, the study found that MLs used three dominant approaches in their assessment leadership -- Technical, Tactical and Ethical. Technical leadership was seen in their focus on overseeing the technical aspects of assessment, particularly in aligning assessment to curriculum goals and expecting teachers to deliver on grading and reporting, for accountability purposes. In response to various tensions encountered in their work, the MLs also exercised tactical and ethical leadership. These findings highlight how MLs' perceptions and actions are influenced by and mediate policy implementation in schools.

Published
2020
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29. Systematic non-LTE study of the $-2.6 \le$ [Fe/H] $\le 0.2$ F and G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. II. Abundance patterns from Li to Eu

Author

Zhao, G., Mashonkina, L., Yan, H. L., Alexeeva, S., Kobayashi, C., Pakhomov, Yu., Shi, J. R., Sitnova, T., Tan, K. F., Zhang, H. W., Zhang, J. B., Zhou, Z. M., Bolte, M., Chen, Y. Q., Li, X., Liu, F., and Zhai, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

For the first time, we present an extensive study of stars with individual non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) abundances for 17 chemical elements from Li to Eu in a sample of stars uniformly distributed over the $-2.62 \le$ [Fe/H] $\le +0.24$ metallicity range that is suitable for the Galactic chemical evolution research. The star sample has been kinematically selected to trace the Galactic thin and thick disks and halo. We find new and improve earlier results as follows. (i) The element-to-iron ratios for Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti form a MP plateau at a similar height of 0.3~dex, and the knee occurs at common [Fe/H] $\simeq -0.8$. The knee at the same metallicity is observed for [O/Fe], and the MP plateau is formed at [O/Fe] = 0.61. (ii) The upward trend of [C/O] with decreasing metallicity exists at [Fe/H] $< -1.2$, supporting the earlier finding of Akerman et al. (iii) An underabundance of Na relative to Mg in the [Fe/H] $< -1$ stars is nearly constant, with the mean [Na/Mg] $\simeq -0.5$. (iv) The K/Sc, Ca/Sc, and Ti/Sc ratios form well-defined trends, suggesting a common site of the K-Ti production. (v) Sr follows the Fe abundance down to [Fe/H] $\simeq -2.5$, while Zr is enhanced in MP stars. (vi) The comparisons of our results with some widely used Galactic evolution models are given. The use of the NLTE element abundances raises credit to the interpretation of the data in the context of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy., Comment: 43 pages, 17 figures

Published
2016
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30. Chemistry in confined spaces: Reactivity of the Zn-MOF-74 channels

Author

Zuluaga, S., Fuentes-Fernandez, E. M. A., Tan, K., Arter, C. A., Li, J., Chabal, I. J., and Thonhauser, T.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using infrared spectroscopy combined with ab initio methods we study reactions of H$_2$O and CO inside the confined spaces of Zn-MOF-74 channels. Our results show that, once the water dissociation reaction H$_2$O$\;\rightarrow\;$OH+H takes place at the metal centers, the addition of 40 Torr of CO at 200 $^{\circ}$C starts the production of formic acid via OH+H+CO$\;\rightarrow\;$HCO$_2$H. Our detailed analysis shows that the overall reaction H$_2$O+CO$\;\rightarrow\;$HCO$_2$H takes place in the confinement of MOF-74 without an external catalyst, unlike the same reaction on flat surfaces. This discovery has several important consequences: It opens the door to a new set of catalytic reactions inside the channels of the MOF-74 system, it suggests that a recovery of the MOF's adsorption capacity is possible after it has been exposed to water (which in turn stabilizes its crystal structure), and it produces the important industrial feedstock formic acid.

Published
2016
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31. Cluster Assisted Water Dissociation Mechanism in MOF-74 and Controlling it Using Helium

Author

Zuluaga, S., Fuentes-Fernandez, E. M. A., Tan, K., Li, J., Chabal, I. J., and Thonhauser, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We show that the water dissociation reaction H$_2$O$\rightarrow$OH+H in the confined environment of MOF-74 channels can be precisely controlled by the addition of the noble gas He. Elucidating the entire reaction process with ab initio methods and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we prove that the interaction between water molecules is critical to the formation of water clusters, which reduce the dissociation barrier by up to 37% and thus influence the reaction significantly. Our time-resolved IR measurements confirm that the formation of these clusters can be suppressed by introducing He gas, providing unprecedented control over water dissociation rates. Since the water dissociation reaction is the cause of the structural instability of MOF-74 in the presence of water, our finding of the reaction mechanism lays the groundwork for designing water stable versions of MOF-74 as well as understanding water related phenomena in MOFs in general.

Published
2016
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32. Understanding and Controlling Water Stability of MOF-74

Author

Zuluaga, S., Fuentes-Fernandez, E. M. A., Tan, K., Xu, F., Li, J., Chabal, Y. J., and Thonhauser, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Metal organic framework (MOF) materials in general, and MOF-74 in particular, have promising properties for many technologically important processes. However, their instability under humid conditions severely restricts practical use. We show that this instability and the accompanying reduction of the CO$_2$ uptake capacity of MOF-74 under humid conditions originate in the water dissociation reaction H$_2$O$\rightarrow$OH+H at the metal centers. After this dissociation, the OH groups coordinate to the metal centers, explaining the reduction in the MOF's CO$_2$ uptake capacity. This reduction thus strongly depends on the catalytic activity of MOF-74 towards the water dissociation reaction. We further show that-while the water molecules themselves only have a negligible effect on the crystal structure of MOF-74-the OH and H products of the dissociation reaction significantly weaken the MOF framework and lead to the observed crystal structure breakdown. With this knowledge, we propose a way to suppress this particular reaction by modifying the MOF-74 structure to increase the water dissociation energy barrier and thus control the stability of the system under humid conditions.

Published
2016
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33. Detection of zeptojoule microwave pulses using electrothermal feedback in proximity-induced Josephson junctions

Author

Govenius, J., Lake, R. E., Tan, K. Y., and Möttönen, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We experimentally investigate and utilize electrothermal feedback in a microwave nanobolometer based on a normal-metal ($\mbox{Au}_{x}\mbox{Pd}_{1-x}$) nanowire with proximity-induced superconductivity. The feedback couples the temperature and the electrical degrees of freedom in the nanowire, which both absorbs the incoming microwave radiation, and transduces the temperature change into a radio-frequency electrical signal. We tune the feedback in situ and access both positive and negative feedback regimes with rich nonlinear dynamics. In particular, strong positive feedback leads to the emergence of two metastable electron temperature states in the millikelvin range. We use these states for efficient threshold detection of coherent 8.4 GHz microwave pulses containing approximately 200 photons on average, corresponding to $1.1 \mbox{ zJ} \approx 7.0 \mbox{ meV}$ of energy.

Published
2015
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34. Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the Mw7.9 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Author

Zhao, B, Bürgmann, R, Wang, D, Tan, K, Du, R, and Zhang, R

Subjects
postseismic deformation, downdip afterslip, viscoelastic relaxation, lateral heterogeneous rheological structure, Gorkha, Nepal, earthquake, Geochemistry, Geology, Geophysics
Abstract

We analyze three-dimensional GPS coordinate time series from continuously operating stations in Nepal and South Tibet and calculate the initial 1 year postseismic displacements. We first investigate models of poroelastic rebound, afterslip, and viscoelastic relaxation individually and then attempt to resolve the trade-offs between their contributions by evaluating the misfit between observed and simulated displacements. We compare kinematic inversions for distributed afterslip with stress-driven afterslip models. The modeling results show that no single mechanism satisfactorily explains near- and far-field postseismic deformation following the Gorkha earthquake. When considering contributions from all three mechanisms, we favor a combination of viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip alone, as poroelastic rebound always worsens the misfit. The combined model does not improve the data misfit significantly, but the inverted afterslip distribution is more physically plausible. The inverted afterslip favors slip within the brittle-ductile transition zone downdip of the coseismic rupture and fills the small gap between the mainshock and largest aftershock slip zone, releasing only 7% of the coseismic moment. Our preferred model also illuminates the laterally heterogeneous rheological structure between India and the South Tibet. The transient and steady state viscosities of the upper mantle beneath Tibet are constrained to be greater than 1018 Pa s and 1019 Pa s, whereas the Indian upper mantle has a high viscosity ≥1020 Pa s. The viscosity in the lower crust of southern Tibet shows a clear trade-off with its southward extent and thickness, suggesting an upper bound value of ~8 × 1019 Pa s for its steady state viscosity.

Published
2017

35. Ordering of mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with partial tandem duplication of MLL (MLL-PTD)

Author

Sun, Q-Y, Ding, L-W, Tan, K-T, Chien, W, Mayakonda, A, Lin, D-C, Loh, X-Y, Xiao, J-F, Meggendorfer, M, Alpermann, T, Garg, M, Lim, S-L, Madan, V, Hattori, N, Nagata, Y, Miyano, S, Yeoh, AEJ, Hou, H-A, Jiang, Y-Y, Takao, S, Liu, L-Z, Tan, S-Z, Lill, M, Hayashi, M, Kinoshita, A, Kantarjian, HM, Kornblau, SM, Ogawa, S, Haferlach, T, Yang, H, and Koeffler, HP

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Hematology, Cancer, Childhood Leukemia, Pediatric, Genetics, Pediatric Cancer, Rare Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Cell Proliferation, Clone Cells, Exome, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Humans, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Mutation, Mutation Rate, Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein, Nucleophosmin, Tandem Repeat Sequences, Time Factors, Clinical Sciences, Immunology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Partial tandem duplication of MLL (MLL-PTD) characterizes acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients often with a poor prognosis. To understand the order of occurrence of MLL-PTD in relation to other major AML mutations and to identify novel mutations that may be present in this unique AML molecular subtype, exome and targeted sequencing was performed on 85 MLL-PTD AML samples using HiSeq-2000. Genes involved in the cohesin complex (STAG2), a splicing factor (U2AF1) and a poorly studied gene, MGA were recurrently mutated, whereas NPM1, one of the most frequently mutated AML gene, was not mutated in MLL-PTD patients. Interestingly, clonality analysis suggests that IDH2/1, DNMT3A, U2AF1 and TET2 mutations are clonal and occur early, and MLL-PTD likely arises after these initial mutations. Conversely, proliferative mutations (FLT3, RAS), typically appear later, are largely subclonal and tend to be unstable. This study provides important insights for understanding the relative importance of different mutations for defining a targeted therapeutic strategy for MLL-PTD AML patients.

Published
2017

36. Coherent chemical kinetics as quantum walks I: Reaction operators for radical pairs

Author

Chia, A., Gorecka, A., Tan, K. C., Pawela, L., Kurzynski, P., Paterek, T., and Kaszlikowski, D.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Classical chemical kinetics use rate-equation models to describe how a reaction proceeds in time. Such models are sufficient for describing state transitions in a reaction where coherences between different states do not arise, or in other words, a reaction which contain only incoherent transitions. A prominent example reaction containing coherent transitions is the radical-pair model. The kinetics of such reactions is defined by the so-called reaction operator which determines the radical-pair state as a function of intermediate transition rates. We argue that the well-known concept of quantum walks from quantum information theory is a natural and apt framework for describing multisite chemical reactions. By composing Kraus maps that act only on two sites at a time, we show how the quantum-walk formalism can be applied to derive a reaction operator for the standard avian radical-pair reaction. Our reaction operator predicts a recombination dephasing rate consistent with recent experiments [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 139}, 234309 (2013)], in contrast to previous work by Jones and Hore [Chem. Phys. Lett. {\bf 488}, 90 (2010)]. The standard radical-pair reaction has conventionally been described by either a normalised density operator incorporating both the radical pair and reaction products, or by a trace-decreasing density operator that considers only the radical pair. We demonstrate a density operator that is both normalised and refers only to radical-pair states. Generalisations to include additional dephasing processes and an arbitrary number of sites are also discussed.

Published
2015
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37. Systematic NLTE study of the -2.6 < [Fe/H] < 0.2 F and G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. I. Stellar atmosphere parameters

Author

Sitnova, T., Zhao, G., Mashonkina, L., Chen, Y. Q., Liu, F., Pakhomov, Yu., Tan, K., Bolte, M., Alexeeva, S., Grupp, F., Shi, J. -R., and Zhang, H. -W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present atmospheric parameters for 51 nearby FG dwarfs uniformly distributed over the -2.60 < [Fe/H] < +0.20 metallicity range that is suitable for the Galactic chemical evolution research. Lines of iron, Fe I and Fe II, were used to derive a homogeneous set of effective temperatures, surface gravities, iron abundances, and microturbulence velocities. We used high-resolution (R>60000) Shane/Hamilton and CFHT/ESPaDOnS observed spectra and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) line formation for Fe I and Fe II in the classical 1D model atmospheres. The spectroscopic method was tested with the 20 benchmark stars, for which there are multiple measurements of the infrared flux method (IRFM) Teff and their Hipparcos parallax error is < 10%. We found NLTE abundances from lines of Fe I and Fe II to be consistent within 0.06 dex for every benchmark star, when applying a scaling factor of S_H = 0.5 to the Drawinian rates of inelastic Fe+H collisions. The obtained atmospheric parameters were checked for each program star by comparing its position in the log g-Teff plane with the theoretical evolutionary track in the Yi et al. (2004) grid. Our final effective temperatures lie in between the T_IRFM scales of Alonso et al. (1996) and Casagrande et al. (2011), with a mean difference of +46 K and -51 K, respectively. NLTE leads to higher surface gravity compared with that for LTE. The shift in log g is smaller than 0.1 dex for stars with either [Fe/H] > -0.75, or Teff < 5750 K, or log g > 4.20. NLTE analysis is crucial for the VMP turn-off and subgiant stars, for which the shift in log g between NLTE and LTE can be up to 0.5 dex. The obtained atmospheric parameters will be used in the forthcoming papers to determine NLTE abundances of important astrophysical elements from lithium to europium and to improve observational constraints on the chemo-dynamical models of the Galaxy evolution., Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2015
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38. A Study of the Occurrence of Supercooling of Water

Author

Tan, K. -C., Ho, W., Katz, J. I., and Feng, S. -J.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Physics Education
Abstract

Supercooling of water can be easily studied with a simple apparatus suitable for the student laboratory. We describe such an apparatus and its capabilities. The parameters influencing supercooling include the initial temperature of the water and the temperature and the type of chilling medium. We correlate the occurrence of supercooling with the ability of the chilling medium to promptly nucleate ice; if it nucleates promptly, the layer of ice crystals formed on the boundary will initiate freezing of the bulk water without supercooling. If the chilling medium is unable to nucleate ice promptly, ice nucleation is delayed and the water supercools. Students can study and compare supercooling of distilled and natural water. Even quite dirty river water may be supercooled by as much as 5 C., Comment: 24 pp., 11 figures; Am. J. Phys. accepted

Published
2014
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39. Supervised Learning Technique for First Order Multipaths Identification of V2V Scenario

Author

Yaser A. Bakhuraisa, Azlan B. Abd Aziz, Tan K. Geok, Norazhar B. Abu Bakar, Saifulnizan B. Jamian, and Fajaruddin B. Mustakim

Subjects
V2V, mm-wave, ray tracing, FOMPs, HOMPs, supervised classification, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Transportation engineering, TA1001-1280
Abstract

In geometrical localization techniques, the propagated signal’s first-order multipath (FOMP) characteristics are used to calculate the location based on geometrical relationships. Utilizing the characteristics of higher order multipath (HOMP) results in a significant localization error. Therefore, distinguishing between FOMPs and HOMPs is an important task. The previous works used traditional methods based on a deterministic threshold to accomplish this task. Unfortunately, these methods are complicated and insufficiently accurate. This paper proposes an efficient method based on supervised learning to distinguish more accurately between the propagated FOMP and HOMP of millimeter-Wave Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication in an urban scenario. Ray tracing technique based on Shoot and Bounce Ray (SBR) is used to generate the dataset’s features including received power, propagation time, the azimuth angle of arrival (AAOA), and elevation angle of arrival (EAOA). A statistical analysis based on the probability distribution function (PDF) is presented first to study the selected features’ impact on the classification process. Then, six supervised classifiers, namely Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Random Forest, and artificial neural network, are trained and tested, and their performance is compared in terms of HOMP misclassification. The effect of the considered features on the classifiers’ performance is further investigated. Our results showed that all the proposed classifiers provided an acceptable classification performance. The proposed ANN showed the best performance, whereas the NB was the worst. In fact, the HOMP misclassification error varied between 2.3% and 16.7%. The EAOA exhibited the most significant influence on classification performance, while the AAOA was the least.

Published
2023
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41. Comprehensive mutational analysis of primary and relapse acute promyelocytic leukemia

Author

Madan, V, Shyamsunder, P, Han, L, Mayakonda, A, Nagata, Y, Sundaresan, J, Kanojia, D, Yoshida, K, Ganesan, S, Hattori, N, Fulton, N, Tan, K-T, Alpermann, T, Kuo, M-C, Rostami, S, Matthews, J, Sanada, M, Liu, L-Z, Shiraishi, Y, Miyano, S, Chendamarai, E, Hou, H-A, Malnassy, G, Ma, T, Garg, M, Ding, L-W, Sun, Q-Y, Chien, W, Ikezoe, T, Lill, M, Biondi, A, Larson, RA, Powell, BL, Lübbert, M, Chng, WJ, Tien, H-F, Heuser, M, Ganser, A, Koren-Michowitz, M, Kornblau, SM, Kantarjian, HM, Nowak, D, Hofmann, W-K, Yang, H, Stock, W, Ghavamzadeh, A, Alimoghaddam, K, Haferlach, T, Ogawa, S, Shih, L-Y, Mathews, V, and Koeffler, HP

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer, Human Genome, Childhood Leukemia, Pediatric Cancer, Genetics, Rare Diseases, Hematology, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Cell Differentiation, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins, Exome, Gene Expression Profiling, Humans, Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute, Nuclear Proteins, Recurrence, Transcription Factors, Immunology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of myeloid leukemia characterized by differentiation block at the promyelocyte stage. Besides the presence of chromosomal rearrangement t(15;17), leading to the formation of PML-RARA (promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha) fusion, other genetic alterations have also been implicated in APL. Here, we performed comprehensive mutational analysis of primary and relapse APL to identify somatic alterations, which cooperate with PML-RARA in the pathogenesis of APL. We explored the mutational landscape using whole-exome (n=12) and subsequent targeted sequencing of 398 genes in 153 primary and 69 relapse APL. Both primary and relapse APL harbored an average of eight non-silent somatic mutations per exome. We observed recurrent alterations of FLT3, WT1, NRAS and KRAS in the newly diagnosed APL, whereas mutations in other genes commonly mutated in myeloid leukemia were rarely detected. The molecular signature of APL relapse was characterized by emergence of frequent mutations in PML and RARA genes. Our sequencing data also demonstrates incidence of loss-of-function mutations in previously unidentified genes, ARID1B and ARID1A, both of which encode for key components of the SWI/SNF complex. We show that knockdown of ARID1B in APL cell line, NB4, results in large-scale activation of gene expression and reduced in vitro differentiation potential.

Published
2016

42. An accurate single-electron pump based on a highly tunable silicon quantum dot

Author

Rossi, A., Tanttu, T., Tan, K. Y., Iisakka, I., Zhao, R., Chan, K. W., Tettamanzi, G. C., Rogge, S., Dzurak, A. S., and Möttönen, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Nanoscale single-electron pumps can be used to generate accurate currents, and can potentially serve to realize a new standard of electrical current based on elementary charge. Here, we use a silicon-based quantum dot with tunable tunnel barriers as an accurate source of quantized current. The charge transfer accuracy of our pump can be dramatically enhanced by controlling the electrostatic confinement of the dot using purposely engineered gate electrodes. Improvements in the operational robustness, as well as suppression of non-adiabatic transitions that reduce pumping accuracy, are achieved via small adjustments of the gate voltages. We can produce an output current in excess of 80 pA with experimentally determined relative uncertainty below 50 parts per million., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, includes supplementary information, Nano Letters (2014)

Published
2014
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43. The lithium abundances for a large sample of red giants

Author

Liu, Y. J., Tan, K. F., Wang, L., Zhao, G., Sato, Bun'ei, Takeda, Y., and Li, H. N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The lithium abundances for 378 G/K giants are derived with non-LTE correction considered. Among these, there are 23 stars that host planetary systems. The lithium abundance is investigated, as a function of metallicity, effective temperature, and rotational velocity, as well as the impact of a giant planet on G/K giants. The results show that the lithium abundance is a function of metallicity and effective temperature. The lithium abundance has no correlation with rotational velocity at vsini $<$ 10 km s$^{-1}$. Giants with planets present lower lithium abundance and slow rotational velocity (vsini $<$ 4 km s$^{-1}$). Our sample includes three Li-rich G/K giants, 36 Li-normal stars and 339 Li-depleted stars. The fraction of Li-rich stars in this sample agrees with the general rate of less than 1$\%$ in literature, and the stars that show normal amounts of Li are supposed to possess the same abundance at the current interstellar medium. For the Li-depleted giants, Li deficiency may have already taken place at the main sequence stage for many intermediate-mass (1.5-5 M$_{\odot}$) G/K giants. Finally, we present the lithium abundance and kinematic parameters for an enlarged sample of 565 giants using a compilation of literature, and confirm that the lithium abundance is a function of metallicity and effective temperature. With the enlarged sample, we investigate the differences between the lithium abundance in thin-/thick-disk giants, which indicate that the lithium abundance in thick-disk giants is more depleted than that in thin-disk giants.

Published
2014
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44. Microwave nanobolometer based on proximity Josephson junctions

Author

Govenius, J., Lake, R. E., Tan, K. Y., Pietilä, V., Julin, J. K., Maasilta, I. J., Virtanen, P., and Möttönen, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We introduce a microwave bolometer aimed at high-quantum-efficiency detection of wave packet energy within the framework of circuit quantum electrodynamics, the ultimate goal being single microwave photon detection. We measure the differential thermal conductance between the detector and its heat bath, obtaining values as low as 5 fW/K at 50 mK. This is one tenth of the thermal conductance quantum and corresponds to a theoretical lower bound on noise-equivalent-power of order $10^{-20}$ $W/\sqrt{\mbox{Hz}}$ at 50 mK. By measuring the differential thermal conductance of the same bolometer design in qualitatively different environments and materials, we determine that electron--photon coupling dominates the thermalization of our nanobolometer.

Published
2014
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46. Using WebQLM to Enhance Performance in Argumentative Writing among Year 12 ESL Students

Author

Tan-Ooi, L. C. and Tan, K. E.

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of a designed web-based learning module on Year 12 students' learning of argumentative writing. The module known as WebQuest Learning Module or WebQLM comprises four units of learning. The subjects were 68 Year 12 Arts Stream students in an urban school in Penang. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of WebQLM on students' performance in argumentative writing as well as students' responses towards the integration of this web technology in the ESL classroom. The paired-samples T-Test revealed significant improvement in students' argumentative writing performance. Findings from the questionnaire and group interviews showed students generally responded positively towards the use of WebQLM in argumentative writing instruction. This study has brought to light the importance of integrating web-based learning tasks in the classroom. The credibility of the teacher in web-based instruction depends very much on the roles he or she plays in designing, scaffolding, facilitating and aspiring students towards a better learning culture. Implications on the teaching and learning of writing in an ESL context, especially for learners in the contemporary digital culture, can be drawn from the findings.

Published
2013

47. Erratum to: Search for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral currents at 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author

Aad, G., Abbott, B., Abdallah, J., Abdinov, O., Aben, R., Abolins, M., AbouZeid, O. S., Abramowicz, H., Abreu, H., Abreu, R., Abulaiti, Y., Acharya, B. S., Adamczyk, L., Adams, D. L., Adelman, J., Adomeit, S., Adye, T., Affolder, A. A., Agatonovic-Jovin, T., Agricola, J., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Ahlen, S. P., Ahmadov, F., Aielli, G., Akerstedt, H., Åkesson, T. P. A., Akimov, A. V., Alberghi, G. L., Albert, J., Albrand, S., Alconada Verzini, M. J., Aleksa, M., Aleksandrov, I. N., Alexa, C., Alexander, G., Alexopoulos, T., Alhroob, M., Alimonti, G., Alio, L., Alison, J., Alkire, S. P., Allbrooke, B. M. M., Allport, P. P., Aloisio, A., Alonso, A., Alonso, F., Alpigiani, C., Altheimer, A., Alvarez Gonzalez, B., Álvarez Piqueras, D., Alviggi, M. G., Amadio, B. T., Amako, K., Amaral Coutinho, Y., Amelung, C., Amidei, D., Amor Dos Santos, S. P., Amorim, A., Amoroso, S., Amram, N., Amundsen, G., Anastopoulos, C., Ancu, L. S., Andari, N., Andeen, T., Anders, C. F., Anders, G., Anders, J. K., Anderson, K. J., Andreazza, A., Andrei, V., Angelidakis, S., Angelozzi, I., Anger, P., Angerami, A., Anghinolfi, F., Anisenkov, A. V., Anjos, N., Annovi, A., Antonelli, M., Antonov, A., Antos, J., Anulli, F., Aoki, M., Aperio Bella, L., Arabidze, G., Arai, Y., Araque, J. P., Arce, A. T. H., Arduh, F. A., Arguin, J-F., Argyropoulos, S., Arik, M., Armbruster, A. J., Arnaez, O., Arnal, V., Arnold, H., Arratia, M., Arslan, O., Artamonov, A., Artoni, G., Asai, S., Asbah, N., Ashkenazi, A., Åsman, B., Asquith, L., Assamagan, K., Astalos, R., Atkinson, M., Atlay, N. B., Augsten, K., Aurousseau, M., Avolio, G., Axen, B., Ayoub, M. K., Azuelos, G., Baak, M. A., Baas, A. E., Baca, M. J., Bacci, C., Bachacou, H., Bachas, K., Backes, M., Backhaus, M., Bagiacchi, P., Bagnaia, P., Bai, Y., Bain, T., Baines, J. T., Baker, O. K., Baldin, E. M., Balek, P., Balestri, T., Balli, F., Banas, E., Banerjee, Sw., Bannoura, A. A. E., Bansil, H. S., Barak, L., Barberio, E. L., Barberis, D., Barbero, M., Barillari, T., Barisonzi, M., Barklow, T., Barlow, N., Barnes, S. L., Barnett, B. M., Barnett, R. M., Barnovska, Z., Baroncelli, A., Barone, G., Barr, A. J., Barreiro, F., Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J., Bartoldus, R., Barton, A. E., Bartos, P., Basalaev, A., Bassalat, A., Basye, A., Bates, R. L., Batista, S. J., Batley, J. R., Battaglia, M., Bauce, M., Bauer, F., Bawa, H. S., Beacham, J. B., Beattie, M. D., Beau, T., Beauchemin, P. H., Beccherle, R., Bechtle, P., Beck, H. P., Becker, K., Becker, M., Beckingham, M., Becot, C., Beddall, A. J., Beddall, A., Bednyakov, V. A., Bee, C. P., Beemster, L. J., Beermann, T. A., Begel, M., Behr, J. K., Belanger-Champagne, C., Bell, W. H., Bella, G., Bellagamba, L., Bellerive, A., Bellomo, M., Belotskiy, K., Beltramello, O., Benary, O., Benchekroun, D., Bender, M., Bendtz, K., Benekos, N., Benhammou, Y., Benhar Noccioli, E., Benitez Garcia, J. A., Benjamin, D. P., Bensinger, J. R., Bentvelsen, S., Beresford, L., Beretta, M., Berge, D., Bergeaas Kuutmann, E., Berger, N., Berghaus, F., Beringer, J., Bernard, C., Bernard, N. R., Bernius, C., Bernlochner, F. U., Berry, T., Berta, P., Bertella, C., Bertoli, G., Bertolucci, F., Bertsche, C., Bertsche, D., Besana, M. I., Besjes, G. J., Bessidskaia Bylund, O., Bessner, M., Besson, N., Betancourt, C., Bethke, S., Bevan, A. J., Bhimji, W., Bianchi, R. M., Bianchini, L., Bianco, M., Biebel, O., Biedermann, D., Bieniek, S. P., Biglietti, M., Bilbao De Mendizabal, J., Bilokon, H., Bindi, M., Binet, S., Bingul, A., Bini, C., Biondi, S., Black, C. W., Black, J. E., Black, K. M., Blackburn, D., Blair, R. E., Blanchard, J.-B., Blanco, J. E., Blazek, T., Bloch, I., Blocker, C., Blum, W., Blumenschein, U., Bobbink, G. J., Bobrovnikov, V. S., Bocchetta, S. S., Bocci, A., Bock, C., Boehler, M., Bogaerts, J. A., Bogavac, D., Bogdanchikov, A. G., Bohm, C., Boisvert, V., Bold, T., Boldea, V., Boldyrev, A. S., Bomben, M., Bona, M., Boonekamp, M., Borisov, A., Borissov, G., Borroni, S., Bortfeldt, J., Bortolotto, V., Bos, K., Boscherini, D., Bosman, M., Boudreau, J., Bouffard, J., Bouhova-Thacker, E. V., Boumediene, D., Bourdarios, C., Bousson, N., Boveia, A., Boyd, J., Boyko, I. R., Bozic, I., Bracinik, J., Brandt, A., Brandt, G., Brandt, O., Bratzler, U., Brau, B., Brau, J. E., Braun, H. M., Brazzale, S. F., Breaden Madden, W. D., Brendlinger, K., Brennan, A. J., Brenner, L., Brenner, R., Bressler, S., Bristow, K., Bristow, T. M., Britton, D., Britzger, D., Brochu, F. M., Brock, I., Brock, R., Bronner, J., Brooijmans, G., Brooks, T., Brooks, W. K., Brosamer, J., Brost, E., Brown, J., Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A., Bruncko, D., Bruneliere, R., Bruni, A., Bruni, G., Bruschi, M., Bruscino, N., Bryngemark, L., Buanes, T., Buat, Q., Buchholz, P., Buckley, A. G., Buda, S. I., Budagov, I. A., Buehrer, F., Bugge, L., Bugge, M. K., Bulekov, O., Bullock, D., Burckhart, H., Burdin, S., Burgard, C. D., Burghgrave, B., Burke, S., Burmeister, I., Busato, E., Büscher, D., Büscher, V., Bussey, P., Butler, J. M., Butt, A. I., Buttar, C. M., Butterworth, J. M., Butti, P., Buttinger, W., Buzatu, A., Buzykaev, A. R., Cabrera Urbán, S., Caforio, D., Cairo, V. M., Cakir, O., Calace, N., Calafiura, P., Calandri, A., Calderini, G., Calfayan, P., Caloba, L. P., Calvet, D., Calvet, S., Camacho Toro, R., Camarda, S., Camarri, P., Cameron, D., Caminal Armadans, R., Campana, S., Campanelli, M., Campoverde, A., Canale, V., Canepa, A., Cano Bret, M., Cantero, J., Cantrill, R., Cao, T., Capeans Garrido, M. D. M., Caprini, I., Caprini, M., Capua, M., Caputo, R., Cardarelli, R., Cardillo, F., Carli, T., Carlino, G., Carminati, L., Caron, S., Carquin, E., Carrillo-Montoya, G. D., Carter, J. R., Carvalho, J., Casadei, D., Casado, M. P., Casolino, M., Castaneda-Miranda, E., Castelli, A., Castillo Gimenez, V., Castro, N. F., Catastini, P., Catinaccio, A., Catmore, J. R., Cattai, A., Caudron, J., Cavaliere, V., Cavalli, D., Cavalli-Sforza, M., Cavasinni, V., Ceradini, F., Cerio, B. C., Cerny, K., Cerqueira, A. S., Cerri, A., Cerrito, L., Cerutti, F., Cerv, M., Cervelli, A., Cetin, S. A., Chafaq, A., Chakraborty, D., Chalupkova, I., Chang, P., Chapman, J. D., Charlton, D. G., Chau, C. C., Chavez Barajas, C. A., Cheatham, S., Chegwidden, A., Chekanov, S., Chekulaev, S. V., Chelkov, G. A., Chelstowska, M. A., Chen, C., Chen, H., Chen, K., Chen, L., Chen, S., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. C., Cheng, Y., Cheplakov, A., Cheremushkina, E., Cherkaoui El Moursli, R., Chernyatin, V., Cheu, E., Chevalier, L., Chiarella, V., Chiarelli, G., Chiodini, G., Chisholm, A. S., Chislett, R. T., Chitan, A., Chizhov, M. V., Choi, K., Chouridou, S., Chow, B. K. B., Christodoulou, V., Chromek-Burckhart, D., Chudoba, J., Chuinard, A. J., Chwastowski, J. J., Chytka, L., Ciapetti, G., Ciftci, A. K., Cinca, D., Cindro, V., Cioara, I. A., Ciocio, A., Cirotto, F., Citron, Z. H., Ciubancan, M., Clark, A., Clark, B. L., Clark, P. J., Clarke, R. N., Cleland, W., Clement, C., Coadou, Y., Cobal, M., Coccaro, A., Cochran, J., Coffey, L., Cogan, J. G., Colasurdo, L., Cole, B., Cole, S., Colijn, A. P., Collot, J., Colombo, T., Compostella, G., Conde Muiño, P., Coniavitis, E., Connell, S. H., Connelly, I. A., Consorti, V., Constantinescu, S., Conta, C., Conti, G., Conventi, F., Cooke, M., Cooper, B. D., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Cornelissen, T., Corradi, M., Corriveau, F., Corso-Radu, A., Cortes-Gonzalez, A., Cortiana, G., Costa, G., Costa, M. J., Costanzo, D., Côté, D., Cottin, G., Cowan, G., Cox, B. E., Cranmer, K., Cree, G., Crépé-Renaudin, S., Crescioli, F., Cribbs, W. A., Crispin Ortuzar, M., Cristinziani, M., Croft, V., Crosetti, G., Cuhadar Donszelmann, T., Cummings, J., Curatolo, M., Cuthbert, C., Czirr, H., Czodrowski, P., D’Auria, S., D’Onofrio, M., Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. 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