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[Objective] Gravel mulching combined with drip irrigation is an improved agronomic technique for crop production in northwestern China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of dripping rate of the emitters on soil water and salt redistribution, as well as the growth and yield of watermelon. [Method] The field experiment had three treatments with the dripping rate controlled at 2 L/h (Q1), 3 L/h (Q2), or 4 L/h (Q3), respectively. In each treatment, we measured the spatiotemporal variation in soil water and salt, water use efficiency, as well as growth, yield and fruit quality of the watermelon. [Result] Horizontal advancement of the wetting front in the soil increased with dripping rate. After harvest, soil salt content in the 0~100 cm soil layer decreased, with the decreasing rate increasing as the dripping rate increased. Also, with the increase in dripping rate, the soluble sugar content in the fruits increased first followed by a decline. Of the three dripping rates we compared, Q2 increased the soluble sugar content in the fruit the most, up by 54.3% and 22.3%, respectively, compared to Q1 and Q3. With the increase in dripping rate, the vitamin C content in the fruits decreased first and then ramped up. Q3 gave the highest vitamin C content, increasing by 53.7% compared to Q2. Increasing dripping rate boosted both fruit yield and water use efficiency. Compared to Q1 and Q2, Q3 increased fruit yield by 6.20% and 3.56%, and water use efficiency by 6.49% and 3.72%, respectively. [Conclusion] Taking soil water and salt redistribution, as well as watermelon yield and quality into account, the optimal dripping rate for watermelon growth in the gravel-mulched soil was 4 L/h when using the local saline water for irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a challenging global health concern due to its high incidence and limited treatment efficacy. Understanding the molecular pathways driving HCC development is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes., Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of Salinomycin on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma, exploring its role in tumor migration and angiogenesis. Additionally, to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway for improving HCC treatment outcomes., Methods: This study employed an in vitro experimental design to investigate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in HCC progression. HepG2 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% serum, penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 μg/ml). The cells were divided into experimental and control groups for comparative analysis. Salinomycin was administered to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. The primary outcome measures included the evaluation of cell migration and tumor angiogenesis using cell migration assays and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression analysis, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Student's t test, with significance set at P < .05., Results: Salinomycin treatment led to a dose-dependent decrease in HCC cell proliferation, with optical density values decreasing as the concentration of Salinomycin increased. Cell migration assays showed inhibited migration in cells treated with Salinomycin compared to controls. Western blot analysis revealed decreased levels of β-catenin and increased levels of DVL in Salinomycin-treated cells, indicating inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Furthermore, VEGF expression decreased after Salinomycin treatment, implicating the pathway in tumor angiogenesis. Statistical analysis, including Student's t-test, confirmed significant differences between control and experimental groups (P < .05)., Conclusion: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in the migration and angiogenesis of HCC when treated with Salinomycin.