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The biobutanol‐based biofuel fermentation is hindered by the challenge of inadequate fermentation broth concentration and the azeotropic systems of water. The application of eucalyptus oil in diesel fuel makes it a promising extractant for biobutanol extraction and dehydration, thus resulting in product recovery and the development of fuel blend technology. Eucalyptus oil‐derived 1,8‐cineole was applied to acetone‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) and isobutanol systems to enhance the butanol recovery and dehydration. The recovery of n‐butanol and isobutanol reached 92% and 95%, respectively, while the water removal in a 2% butanol system exceeded 99%. These results demonstrated that 1,8‐cineole exhibited a high selectivity toward butanol, thus providing a robust theoretical foundation for the fermentation‐based biofuel recovery and the elimination of azeotropic systems. The introduction of high‐density diesel‐fuel‐like eucalyptus oil into low‐energy‐density biobutanol will increase the energy density of fermentation‐based alcohols, yielding linear and cyclic biofuel blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reaction of the heteronuclear cluster Cp*IrOs3(μ-H)4(CO)9 with alkynes is activated by excess amine to afford the butterfly clusters Cp*IrOs3(CO)9(RCCR′); hinge-apex isomers are formed. In the case of PhCCH, another cluster Cp*IrOs3(CO)9(CCHPh)2, which contained two alkenyl moieties was also isolated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The reaction of the osmium–antimony cluster Os3(μ-H)(μ-SbPh2)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)9 with AsPh3 at room temperature afforded the o-phenylene cluster Os3(μ-H)(SbPh2)(μ2,η2-C6H4)(CO)9(AsPh3) by nucleophilic addition via a metal–metal bond cleavage, and the substitution product Os3(μ-H)(SbPh2)(μ3,η2-C6H4)(CO)8(AsPh3). It reacted with t BuNC to afford the adduct Os3(μ-H)(SbPh2)(μ2,η2-C6H4)(CO)9(CN t Bu) quantitatively. This adduct isomerised slowly on standing via migration of the isonitrile, while photolysis led to decarbonylation to Os3(μ-H)(SbPh2)(μ2,η2-C6H4)(CO)8(CN t Bu). All the products have been characterised completely, including by X-ray crystallography, and their structures exhibit very long Os–Os bonds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Organic fertilizers (OF) are crucial for enhancing soil quality and fostering plant growth, offering a more eco-friendly and enduring solution compared to chemical fertilizers (CF). However, few studies have systematically analyzed the effects of OF/CF on root microbiome of medicinal plants, especially in combination with active ingredients., Methods: In this study, we investigated the composition and function of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere or within the root of traditional Chinese medicinal plants, Citri Grandis Exocarpium (Huajuhong), which were treated with OF or CF over 1, 3, and 5 years (starting from 2018). Additionally, we conducted metabolome analysis to evaluate the effects of different fertilizers on the medicinal properties of Huajuhong., Results: The results indicated that extended fertilization could enhance the microbial population and function in plant roots. Notably, OF demonstrated a stronger influence on bacteria, whereas CF enhanced the cohesion of fungal networks and the number of fungal functional enzymes, and even potentially reduced the proliferation of harmful rhizosphere pathogens. By adopting distancebased redundancy analysis, we identified the key physicochemical characteristics that significantly influence the distribution of endophytes, particularly in the case of OF. In contrast, CF was found to exert a more pronounced impact on the composition of the rhizosphere microbiome. Although the application of OF resulted in a broader spectrum of compounds in Huajuhong peel, CF proved to be more efficacious in elevating the concentrations of flavonoids and polysaccharides in the fruit., Discussion: Consequently, the effects of long-term application of OF or CF on medicinal plants is different in many ways. This research provides a guide for OF/CF selection from the perspective of soil microecology and aids us to critically assess and understand the effects of both fertilizers on the soil environment, and promotes sustainable development of organic agriculture., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Zhou, Yang, Zhang, Liu, He, Tan, Ruan and Qiu.)