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The analysis of the return probability is one of the most essential and fundamental topics in the study of classical random walks. In this paper, we study the return probability of quantum and correlated random walks in the one-dimensional integer lattice by the path counting method. We show that the return probability of both quantum and correlated random walks can be expressed in terms of the Legendre polynomial. Moreover, the generating function of the return probability can be written in terms of elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds for the quantum walk., Comment: 15pages

The Mahler measure was introduced by Mahler in the study of number theory. It is known that the Mahler measure appears in different areas of mathematics and physics. On the other hand, we have been investigated a new class of zeta functions for various kinds of walks including quantum walks by a series of our previous work on "Zeta Correspondence". The quantum walk is a quantum counterpart of the random walk. In this paper, we present a new relation between the Mahler measure and our zeta function for quantum walks. Firstly we consider this relation in the case of one-dimensional quantum walks. Afterwards we deal with higher-dimensional quantum walks. For comparison with the case of the quantum walk, we also treat the case of higher-dimensional random walks. Our results bridge between the Mahler measure and the zeta function via quantum walks for the first time., Comment: 27 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2109.07664, arXiv:2104.10287

We introduce a generalized Grover matrix of a graph and present an explicit formula for its characteristic polynomial. As a corollary, we give the spectra for the generalized Grover matrix of a regular graph. Next, we define a zeta function and a generalized zeta function of a graph $G$ with respect to its generalized Grover matrix as an analog of the Ihara zeta function and present explicit formulas for their zeta functions for a vertex-transitive graph. As applications, we express the limit on the generalized zeta functions of a family of finite vertex-transitive regular graphs by an integral. Furthermore, we give the limit on the generalized zeta functions of a family of finite tori as an integral expression., Comment: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2011.14162

The exact formula for the average hitting time (HT, as an abbreviation) of simple random walks from one vertex to any other vertex on the square $C^2_N$ of an $N$-vertex cycle graph $C_N$ was given by N. Chair [\textit{Journal of Statistical Physics}, \textbf{154} (2014) 1177-1190]. In that paper, the author gives the expression for the even $N$ case and the expression for the odd $N$ case separately. In this paper, by using an elementary method different from Chair (2014), we give a much simpler single formula for the HT's of simple random walks on $C^2_N$. Our proof is considerably short and fully combinatorial, in particular, has no-need of any spectral graph theoretical arguments. Not only the formula itself but also intermediate results through the process of our proof describe clear relations between the HT's of simple random walks on $C^2_N$ and the Fibonacci numbers.

In this paper, following the recent paper on Walk/Zeta Correspondence by the first author and his coworkers, we compute the zeta function for the three- and four-state quantum walk and correlated random walk, and the multi-state random walk on the one-dimensional torus by using the Fourier analysis. We deal with also the four-state quantum walk and correlated random walk on the two-dimensional torus. In addition, we introduce a new class of models determined by the generalized Grover matrix bridging the gap between the Grover matrix and the positive-support of the Grover matrix. Finally, we give a generalized version of the Konno-Sato theorem for the new class. As a corollary, we calculate the zeta function for the generalized Grover matrix on the d-dimensional torus., Comment: 23 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2104.10287