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Coal is a non-renewable natural resource. Coal has an important role in domestic and foreign energy resources. Coal is generally used in steam power plants (PLTU). In supporting the sustainability of coal energy, further exploration in coal development is needed. The research uses the required structural contour method with the aim of determining the distribution limits and direction of the continuity of the coal seam and only refers to the position of the coal seam and is applied to topographic maps. The observation location (LP) found in the research area contained 7 coal seams. Based on the criteria of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the number of outcrops that have a coal seam thickness above 1 meter are 2 outcrops with a thickness of 2.15 meters and 1.24 meters, respectively. The results of drawing the distribution pattern using the structural contour method based on the bottom of the coal seam, it is found that the direction of the distribution pattern is northwest-southeast. The continuity follows the direction of the hills and valleys based on a distribution pattern that is trending northwest-southeast with a developed control structure in the form of a pure rising fault. This is in accordance with the regional geological map of the study area with the direction of the continuity of the coal seam trending northwest-southeast. From the results of the distribution pattern and continuity, there are 2 coal outcrops that can be exploited with economic value.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari serapan hara N, P dan K pada areal aplikasi dan tanpa aplikasi Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (LCPKS) pada tanaman kelapa sawit menghasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun kelapa sawit masyarakat milik bapak Victor Sitorus Desa Suban Kecamatan Batang Asam Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei exploratif deskriptif dengan metoda purposive sampling yang dilakukan melalui pendekatan tanaman sampel yang telah ada/ditentukan pada lokasi penelitian yang mendapatkan aplikasi air limbah PKS dan areal tanpa aplikasi air limbah PKS dengan umur tanaman kelapa sawit dan jenis (ordo) tanah yang sama. Pengambilan sampel daun dilakukan pada areal aplikasi yang berjumlah 40 tanaman sampel, demikian juga di areal tanpa aplikasi. Selanjutnya sampel tanaman dikompositkan menjadi 8 sampel dimana 1 sampel komposit mewakili 5 tanaman sampel. Dalam analisis serapan hara digunakan daun dari pelepah ke- 17. sedangkan data produksi diamati disetiap panen meliputi jumlah TBS, berat TBS dan BJR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan unsur hara N, P dan K pada daun tanaman kelapa sawit di areal aplikasi dan tanpa aplikasi dalam kondisi optimum. Kadar air di areal aplikasi lebih tinggi dari kadar air pada areal non aplikasi limbah cair. Produksi kelapa sawit pada areal aplikasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan areal tanpa apikasi LCPKS terutama pada BJR tanaman kelapa sawit.

Coal is a fossil fuel derived from sedimentary rocks that can be burned and formed from organic deposits and formed through the coalification process. One of the open pit coal mining methods applied by mining companies in Indonesia is the open pit method. After mining activities in a pit are completed, the ex- mining land will leave openings. The openings are backfilled with material from the overburden in the pits that are mined next.. This study uses quantitative, descriptive, and interviews with the company. The use of this method, because in the future research will use data in the form of numbers and present data in a visual form that is processed from data modeling so that it is easy to understand. The planned reclamation area is pit 1 opening area. The total area of the plan for reclamation of former coal mining pit 1 is 11.43 Ha, with an area for revegetation that is 9.13 Ha, and the area for other uses is 2.3 Ha (roads and trench). In the implementation of reclamation activities, it is inseparable from the design of the reclamation plan and the calculation of the reclamation cost plan. The design for the reclamation of pit 1 was made using a topographic map of the research area and a map of the mine situation. The reclamation design carried out includes road geometry with a straight road width of 9 m, a bend road width of 16 m, and a road grade of 8% (4.6o); level geometry with a ladder angle of 45°, an overall angle of 13°, a width of 5 meters, and a height of 6 meters; the terrace design used is a garden terrace with a terrace width of ± 1.5 m; and ditch construction with a width of 0.5 meters and a depth of 1 meter. The cost of the reclamation plan in the form of revegetation pit 1 to reclaim a land area of 9.13 hectares is Rp. 647,486,722 (six hundred forty- seven million four hundred and eighty-six thousand seven hundred and twenty-two rupiah). This cost includes the cost of land management, revegetation, and maintenance for 3 years.Keywords: Reclamation, coal, cost

Building on Rawls’ theory of justice and Sen’s theory of capabilities, I present an outline of social justice under climate shocks, illustrating it with the experiences of persons with disability. Social justice holds when inequality is responded to by rules that afford more primary goods, such as rights and incomes, to those who have less—the maximin principle of the Rawlsian social welfare function. Climate injustice consists in putting more climate bads, not primary goods, on those with slender shoulders—a maximin social ill-fare function. Cross-country climate injustice is a larger instance of this.The developed world has achieved much economic progress (including more primary goods) on the back of burning fossil fuels, which has put the planet on a heating curve that puts massive climate bads on lives and livelihoods today and in future. Most of these bads are put on the shoulders of developing countries.This work addresses within-country climate injustice, such as when persons with disability shoulder extra losses in capabilities, especially being without drinking water for 24 hours. The significant capability losses estimated to have been endured by persons with disability in Indonesia in 2018 and 2020 should inform a more enlightened and socially just response to climate injustice so that, along a just transition, few are harmed much, fewer still harmed too much.

Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a type of plantation plant that occupies an important position in the agricultural sector in general and the plantation sector in particular. Management that regulates and manages the implementation of a process or an activity properly can obtain effective and efficient benefits. Production can be optimal with good management, in helping the availability of nutrients in the soil. This research aims to examine and compare the organic matter content and production in several oil palm management systems. The research was carried out at the BSU 4 (Berkat Sawit Utama) Oil Palm Plantation Afdeling II Bungku Village, Bajubang District, Batanghari Regency. This research took place within 6 months, starting from February to July 2019 Purposive sampling (deliberately plotting) in the area of several oil palm management systems (terraces, empty palm oil bunches, and inorganic fertilizers) with an oil palm age of 17 years (planting year 2003) and with the same (order) Ultisol. The observed soil parameters were soil organic matter (C-organic) and soil pH. The production parameters observed were the number of bunches, weight of FFB, and BJR (average weight of leaves). The terracing management system + anorganic fertilizer and JJKS + anorganic fertilizer were able to increase soil organic matter content and FFB production, where the highest total FFB production was found in the terracing management system + inorganic fertilizer with the production average bunch weight (BJR) 21.3 kg. Keywords: Inorganic fertilizer, Management system, Terrace, Oil palm empty bunches, Production. ABSTRAK Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan yang menempati posisi penting dalam sektor pertanian pada umumnya dan sektor perkebunan pada khususnya. Manajemen yang mengatur dan mengelola pelaksanaan suatu proses atau kegiatan dengan baik dapat memperoleh manfaat yang efektif dan efisien. Produksi dapat optimal dengan pengelolaan yang baik, dalam membantu ketersediaan unsur hara dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan membandingkan kandungan bahan organik dan produksi pada beberapa sistem pengelolaan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit BSU 4 (Berkat Sawit Utama) Afdeling II Desa Bungku, Kecamatan Bajubang, Kabupaten Batanghari. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 6 bulan, terhitung mulai bulan Februari sampai Juli 2019 Purposive sampling (sengaja plotting) di areal beberapa sistem pengelolaan kelapa sawit (teras, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, dan pupuk anorganik) dengan umur kelapa sawit 17 tahun ( tahun tanam 2003) dan dengan (ordo) Ultisol yang sama. Parameter tanah yang diamati adalah bahan organik tanah (C-organik) dan pH tanah. Parameter produksi yang diamati adalah jumlah tandan, berat TBS, dan BJR (berat rata-rata daun). Sistem pengelolaan terasering + pupuk anorganik dan JJKS + pupuk anorganik mampu meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah dan produksi TBS, dimana total produksi TBS tertinggi terdapat pada sistem pengelolaan terasering + pupuk anorganik dengan berat tandan rata-rata produksi (BJR) 21,3 kg. Kata kunci: Sistem manajemen, Petak, Tandan kosong kelapa sawit, Pupuk anorganik, Produksi.

INTRODUCTION: There is an urgent need to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries, where the greatest burden lies. Yet, there is little research concerning the specific issues involved in scaling up NCD interventions targeting low-resource settings. We propose to examine this gap in up to 27 collaborative projects, which were funded by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) 2019 Scale Up Call, reflecting a total funding investment of approximately US$50 million. These projects represent diverse countries, contexts and adopt varied approaches and study designs to scale-up complex, evidence-based interventions to improve hypertension and diabetes outcomes. A systematic inquiry of these projects will provide necessary scientific insights into the enablers and challenges in the scale up of complex NCD interventions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will apply systems thinking (a holistic approach to analyse the inter-relationship between constituent parts of scaleup interventions and the context in which the interventions are implemented) and adopt a longitudinal mixed-methods study design to explore the planning and early implementation phases of scale up projects. Data will be gathered at three time periods, namely, at planning (TP), initiation of implementation (T0) and 1-year postinitiation (T1). We will extract project-related data from secondary documents at TP and conduct multistakeholder qualitative interviews to gather data at T0 and T1. We will undertake descriptive statistical analysis of TP data and analyse T0 and T1 data using inductive thematic coding. The data extraction tool and interview guides were developed based on a literature review of scale-up frameworks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The current protocol was approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC number 23482). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and more broadly through the GACD network.

This research was carried out with the aim of examining the effect of providing palm oil mill effluent (LCPKS) on several soil chemical properties (pH, C-organic, and CEC) and the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The research was conducted for 5 months, starting from March 6, 2020 to August 15, 2020 in the main nursery area for oil palm plantation companies, Belanti Jaya Village, Mersam District, Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province. The research was conducted using a Complete Acaka Design (CRD) based on the age and height of the oil palm seedlings that were uniform. The treatments used were based on the POME dosage, namely 0 L, 4 L, 5 L, 6.6 L, 10 L, and 20 L POME given every week for 20 months. Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that 24 experimental units were obtained and each unit consisted of 4 oil palm seeds so that the total number of seeds used in the study was 96 oil palm seeds. In the maintenance of seedlings, inorganic fertilizers were also given using compound fertilizers, namely NPKMg 15: 15: 16: 4, NPKMg 12: 12: 17: 2, and kiserit. The results showed that POME could increase pH from acidic to slightly acidic to neutral, C-organic from very low to moderate to very high conditions, but it could not increase soil CEC. The highest increase in pH and C-organic occurred in the 20 liter POME treatment. The provision of POME was able to increase height increase, increase in stem diameter, increase in the number of leaves, shoot dry weight, dry weight of the roots of the roots, and be able to provide an index of seed strength so that the seeds were able to be transferred to the field with seedlings of 9 months. The highest increase in oil palm seedling growth occurred in the 4 liter POME treatment.