41 results on '"Tammeorg, Olga"'
Search Results
2. Linking sediment geochemistry with catchment processes, internal phosphorus loading and lake water quality
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Tammeorg, Olga, Nürnberg, Gertrud K, Horppila, Jukka, Tammeorg, Priit, Jilbert, Tom, and Nõges, Peeter
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- 2024
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3. Spatio-temporal variations in sediment phosphorus dynamics in a large shallow lake: Mechanisms and impacts of redox-related internal phosphorus loading
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Tammeorg, Olga, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tõnno, Ilmar, Toom, Lauri, and Nõges, Peeter
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- 2024
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4. Recycling eutrophic lake sediments into grass production: A four-year field experiment on agronomical and environmental implications
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Kiani, Mina, Zrim, Jure, Simojoki, Asko, Tammeorg, Olga, Penttinen, Petri, Markkanen, Tuuli, and Tammeorg, Priit
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- 2023
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5. Opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring to reflect on water quality in large transboundary Lake Peipsi
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Tammeorg, Olga, Tuvikene, Lea, Kondratyev, Sergey, Golosov, Sergey, Zverev, Ilya, Zadonskaya, Olga, and Nõges, Peeter
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- 2022
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6. Sustainable lake restoration: From challenges to solutions
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Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, Waajen, Guido, Lürling, Miquel, Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, Waajen, Guido, and Lürling, Miquel
- Abstract
Sustainable management of lakes requires us to overcome ecological, economic, and social challenges. These challenges can be addressed by focusing on achieving ecological improvement within a multifaceted, co‐beneficial context. In‐lake restoration measures may promote more rapid ecosystem responses than is feasible with catchment measures alone, even if multiple interventions are needed. In particular, we identify restoration methods that support the overarching societal target of a circular economy through the use of nutrients, sediments, or biomass that are removed from a lake, in agriculture, as food, or for biogas production. In this emerging field of sustainable restoration techniques, we show examples, discuss benefits and pitfalls, and flag areas for further research and development. Each lake should be assessed individually to ensure that restoration approaches will effectively address lake‐specific problems, do not harm the target lake or downstream ecosystems, are cost‐effective, promote delivery of valuable ecosystem services, minimize conflicts in public interests, and eliminate the necessity for repeated interventions. Achieving optimal, sustainable results from lake restoration relies on multidisciplinary research and close interactions between environmental, social, political, and economic sectors.
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- 2024
7. Global Overview of Ecosystem Services Provided by Riparian Vegetation
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RIIS, TENNA, KELLY-QUINN, MARY, AGUIAR, RANCISCA C., MANOLAKI, PARASKEVI, BRUNO, DANIEL, BEJARANO, MARÍA D., CLERICI, NICOLA, FERNANDES, MARÍA ROSÁRIO, FRANCO, JOSÉ C., PETTIT, NEIL, PORTELA, ANA P., TAMMEORG, OLGA, TAMMEORG, PRIIT, RODRÍGUEZ-GONZÁLEZ, PATRICIA M., and DUFOUR, SIMON
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- 2020
8. Redox-related release of phosphorus from sediments in large and shallow Lake Peipsi: Evidence from sediment studies and long-term monitoring data
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Tammeorg, Olga, Nürnberg, Gertrud, Horppila, Jukka, Haldna, Marina, and Niemistö, Juha
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- 2020
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9. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes
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Jenny, Jean-Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean-Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie-Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., III, Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne-Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten-Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
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- 2020
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10. Sustainable lake restoration: From challenges to solutions
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Chorus, Ingrid, additional, Spears, Bryan, additional, Nõges, Peeter, additional, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., additional, Tammeorg, Priit, additional, Søndergaard, Martin, additional, Jeppesen, Erik, additional, Paerl, Hans, additional, Huser, Brian, additional, Horppila, Jukka, additional, Jilbert, Tom, additional, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, additional, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, additional, Gołdyn, Ryszard, additional, Haasler, Sina, additional, Hellsten, Seppo, additional, Härkönen, Laura H., additional, Kiani, Mina, additional, Kozak, Anna, additional, Kotamäki, Niina, additional, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, additional, Newell, Silvia, additional, Nurminen, Leena, additional, Nõges, Tiina, additional, Reitzel, Kasper, additional, Rosińska, Joanna, additional, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, additional, Silvonen, Soila, additional, Skov, Christian, additional, Važić, Tamara, additional, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, additional, Waajen, Guido, additional, and Lürling, Miquel, additional
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- 2023
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11. Persistency of artificial aeration at hypertrophie Lake Tuusulanjärvi: A sociohistorical analysis
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Schönach, Paula, Tapio, Petri, Holmroos, Heidi, Horppila, Jukka, Niemistö, Juha, Nygrén, Nina A., Tammeorg, Olga, and Massa, Iimo
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- 2017
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12. The past, present, and future of a lake: Interdisciplinary analysis of long-term lake restoration
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Schönach, Paula, Nygrén, Nina A., Tammeorg, Olga, Heikkinen, Milja, Holmroos, Heidi, Massa, Ilmo, Niemistö, Juha, Tapio, Petri, and Horppila, Jukka
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- 2018
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13. Internal phosphorus loading due to sediment anoxia in shallow areas: implications for lake aeration treatments
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Tammeorg, Olga, Nürnberg, Gertrud, Niemistö, Juha, Haldna, Marina, and Horppila, Jukka
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- 2020
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14. Factors behind the variability of phosphorus accumulation in Finnish lakes
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Tammeorg, Olga, Haldna, Marina, Nõges, Peeter, Appleby, Peter, Möls, Tõnu, Niemistö, Juha, Tammeorg, Priit, and Horppila, Jukka
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- 2018
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15. Phosphorus in Estonian soils, surface waters and lake sediments : [presentation]
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Nõges, Peeter, Kisand, Anu, Kull, Anne, Ott, Ingmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Tõnno, Ilmar, and Vilbaste, Sirje
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Estonia ,presentations ,lake sediments ,surface water ,phosphorus ,soils - Abstract
Presentation at the 11th International Shallow Lakes Conference, Estonia 11.-16.06.2023. We acknowledge the Estonian Research Council grants PRG709 and PRG1167, also European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project TREICLAKE) under grant agreement No 951963 for providing financial support for the project. We acknowledge the Estonian Research Council grants PRG709 and PRG1167, also European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project TREICLAKE) under grant agreement No 951963 for providing financial support for the project.
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- 2023
16. * Corresponding author at: . E-mail address: (O. Tammeorg)
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Tammeorg, Olga, Tuvikene, Lea, Kondratyev, Sergey, Golosov, Sergey, Zverev, Ilya, Zadonskaya, Olga, Noges, Peeter, University of Helsinki, and Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme
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LAKES ,DYNAMICS ,DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES ,Monitoring ,ESTONIAN RIVERS ,Filling gaps ,SEDIMENT ,PHOSPHORUS ,Lake water quality assessment ,PHYTOPLANKTON ,Lake Peipsi ,WATER ,SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ,EXCHANGE ,Transboundary ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
Lake Peipsi, one of the world's largest lakes, is shared between Estonia and Russia. The water quality in different parts of the lake has so far been assessed independently. Here we explore opportunities for com-bining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring. For that, we 1) analysed the compatibility of data for some water quality variables; 2) estimated the potential effects of the differences in sampling frequency; 3) provided a few regression models to calculate the missing data for months not sampled by the Russian side. Data of the concurrent Estonian and Russian sampling indicated a good compatibility. Estonian data analysis suggested that water quality assessment results are sensitive to sampling frequency. For exam-ple, total phosphorus (TP) in the largest basin showed a long-term decreasing trend in three month data that disappeared when data for other months were added. Disregarding some months may lead to under -or overestimation of certain factors with no consistency in the response of different basins. Hence, data of the whole ice-free period are recommended for an adequate water quality assessment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that monthly values of the water quality variables of the same year are autocorrelated. Based on this, we filled the gaps in the long-term data and compiled a dataset for the whole lake that enables its most comprehensive use in water quality assessment and management. Long-term data revealed no water quality improvement of Lake Peipsi. Further reduction of the external nutrient load is needed. Eutrophication is sustained by high internal phosphorus load.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
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- 2022
17. The role of humic substances in sediment phosphorus release in northern lakes
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., additional, Nõges, Peeter, additional, and Niemistö, Juha, additional
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- 2022
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18. Bringing the margin to the focus: 10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management
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Rodríguez‐González, Patricia M., primary, Abraham, Eleni, additional, Aguiar, Francisca, additional, Andreoli, Andrea, additional, Baležentienė, Ligita, additional, Berisha, Naim, additional, Bernez, Ivan, additional, Bruen, Michael, additional, Bruno, Daniel, additional, Camporeale, Carlo, additional, Čarni, Andraž, additional, Chilikova‐Lubomirova, Mila, additional, Corenblit, Dov, additional, Ćušterevska, Renata, additional, Doody, Tanya, additional, England, Judy, additional, Evette, André, additional, Francis, Robert, additional, Garófano‐Gómez, Virginia, additional, González del Tánago, Marta, additional, Gultekin, Yasar Selman, additional, Guyard, Florian, additional, Hellsten, Seppo, additional, Hinkov, Georgi, additional, Jakubínský, Jiří, additional, Janssen, Philippe, additional, Jansson, Roland, additional, Kail, Jochem, additional, Keles, Emine, additional, Kelly‐Quinn, Mary, additional, Kidová, Anna, additional, Kiss, Tímea, additional, Kulvik, Mart, additional, La Porta, Nicola, additional, Laslier, Marianne, additional, Latella, Melissa, additional, Lorenz, Stefan, additional, Mandžukovski, Dejan, additional, Manolaki, Paraskevi, additional, Martinez‐Fernández, Vanesa, additional, Merritt, David, additional, Michez, Adrien, additional, Milovanović, Jelena, additional, Okruszko, Tomasz, additional, Papastergiadou, Eva, additional, Penning, Ellis, additional, Pielech, Remigiusz, additional, Politti, Emilio, additional, Portela, Ana, additional, Riis, Tenna, additional, Škvorc, Željko, additional, Slezák, Michal, additional, Stammel, Barbara, additional, Stella, John, additional, Stesevic, Danijela, additional, Stupar, Vladimir, additional, Tammeorg, Olga, additional, Tammeorg, Priit, additional, Fosholt, Therese Moe, additional, Urbanič, Gorazd, additional, Villar, Marc, additional, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis, additional, Vrchovsky, Paul, additional, Yousefpour, Rasoul, additional, Zinke, Peggy, additional, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, additional, and Dufour, Simon, additional
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- 2022
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19. Sediment phosphorus mobility in Võrtsjärv, a large shallow lake: Insights from phosphorus sorption experiments and long-term monitoring
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., additional, Tõnno, Ilmar, additional, Kisand, Anu, additional, Tuvikene, Lea, additional, Nõges, Tiina, additional, and Nõges, Peeter, additional
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- 2022
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20. Importance of diffusion and resuspension for phosphorus cycling during the growing season in large, shallow Lake Peipsi
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Tammeorg, Olga, Horppila, Jukka, Laugaste, Reet, Haldna, Marina, and Niemistö, Juha
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- 2015
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21. Bringing the margin to the focus: 10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management
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Rodriguez-gonzalez, Patricia M., Abraham, Eleni, Aguiar, Francisca, Andreoli, Andrea, Balezentiene, Ligita, Berisha, Naim, Bernez, Ivan, Bruen, Michael, Bruno, Daniel, Camporeale, Carlo, Carni, Andraz, Chilikova-lubomirova, Mila, Corenblit, Dov, Custerevska, Renata, Doody, Tanya, England, Judy, Evette, Andre, Francis, Robert, Garofano-gomez, Virginia, Gonzalez Del Tanago, Marta, Gultekin, Yasar Selman, Guyard, Florian, Hellsten, Seppo, Hinkov, Georgi, Jakubinsky, Jiri, Janssen, Philippe, Jansson, Roland, Kail, Jochem, Keles, Emine, Kelly-quinn, Mary, Kidova, Anna, Kiss, Timea, Kulvik, Mart, La Porta, Nicola, Laslier, Marianne, Latella, Melissa, Lorenz, Stefan, Mandzukovski, Dejan, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Martinez-fernandez, Vanesa, Merritt, David, Michez, Adrien, Milovanovic, Jelena, Okruszko, Tomasz, Papastergiadou, Eva, Penning, Ellis, Pielech, Remigiusz, Politti, Emilio, Portela, Ana, Riis, Tenna, Skvorc, Zeljko, Slezak, Michal, Stammel, Barbara, Stella, John, Stesevic, Danijela, Stupar, Vladimir, Tammeorg, Olga, Tammeorg, Priit, Fosholt, Therese Moe, Urbanic, Gorazd, Villar, Marc, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis, Vrchovsky, Paul, Yousefpour, Rasoul, Zinke, Peggy, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, Dufour, Simon, Rodriguez-gonzalez, Patricia M., Abraham, Eleni, Aguiar, Francisca, Andreoli, Andrea, Balezentiene, Ligita, Berisha, Naim, Bernez, Ivan, Bruen, Michael, Bruno, Daniel, Camporeale, Carlo, Carni, Andraz, Chilikova-lubomirova, Mila, Corenblit, Dov, Custerevska, Renata, Doody, Tanya, England, Judy, Evette, Andre, Francis, Robert, Garofano-gomez, Virginia, Gonzalez Del Tanago, Marta, Gultekin, Yasar Selman, Guyard, Florian, Hellsten, Seppo, Hinkov, Georgi, Jakubinsky, Jiri, Janssen, Philippe, Jansson, Roland, Kail, Jochem, Keles, Emine, Kelly-quinn, Mary, Kidova, Anna, Kiss, Timea, Kulvik, Mart, La Porta, Nicola, Laslier, Marianne, Latella, Melissa, Lorenz, Stefan, Mandzukovski, Dejan, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Martinez-fernandez, Vanesa, Merritt, David, Michez, Adrien, Milovanovic, Jelena, Okruszko, Tomasz, Papastergiadou, Eva, Penning, Ellis, Pielech, Remigiusz, Politti, Emilio, Portela, Ana, Riis, Tenna, Skvorc, Zeljko, Slezak, Michal, Stammel, Barbara, Stella, John, Stesevic, Danijela, Stupar, Vladimir, Tammeorg, Olga, Tammeorg, Priit, Fosholt, Therese Moe, Urbanic, Gorazd, Villar, Marc, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis, Vrchovsky, Paul, Yousefpour, Rasoul, Zinke, Peggy, Zlatanov, Tzvetan, and Dufour, Simon
- Abstract
Riparian zones are the paragon of transitional ecosystems, providing critical habitat and ecosystem services that are especially threatened by global change. Following consultation with experts, 10 key challenges were identified to be addressed for riparian vegetation science and management improvement: (1) Create a distinct scientific community by establishing stronger bridges between disciplines; (2) Make riparian vegetation more visible and appreciated in society and policies; (3) Improve knowledge regarding biodiversity-ecosystem functioning links; (4) Manage spatial scale and context-based issues; (5) Improve knowledge on social dimensions of riparian vegetation; (6) Anticipate responses to emergent issues and future trajectories; (7) Enhance tools to quantify and prioritize ecosystem services; (8) Improve numerical modeling and simulation tools; (9) Calibrate methods and increase data availability for better indicators and monitoring practices and transferability; and (10) Undertake scientific validation of best management practices. These challenges are discussed and critiqued here, to guide future research into riparian vegetation. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
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- 2022
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22. Jätkusuutliku väikejärve tervendamise juhised
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Tammeorg, Olga and Eesti Maaülikool. Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituut. Hüdrobioloogia ja kalanduse õppetool
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järvesetted ,juhendid ,veekvaliteet ,Eesti ,keskkonnamõju hindamine ,järved ,järvede tervendamine - Abstract
Inimtegevuse tagajärjel rikastuvad veekogud toiteainetega, mis toob endaga kaasa primaarproduktsiooni tõusu ning vee kvaliteedi halvenemise. Eutrofeerunud järvede vee kvaliteedi parandamine on praegusel ajal veekaitse üks peamisi ülesandeid kogu maailmas. Järvede tervendamine on kriitilise tähtsusega veeressursi säästliku majandamise seisukohalt. Tervendamiseks peetakse tegevust, mille tagajärjel saab veekogu hea seisundi. Seda eristatakse tavaliselt taastamisest (põhjalik järvesängi muutmine), korrastamisest (välisilme muutmine, mis ei pruugi parandada vee kvaliteeti), rehabiliteerimisest (Ott ja Timm, 2020). Järvi on vaja tervendada ka selleks, et vastata kehtivate veekaitseliste regulatsioonide (nt EL Veepoliitika raamdirektiiv) nõuetele. Värskeimate, 2020. a., andmete põhjal pole ligi 78% seirega kaetud Eesti seisuveekogumitest heas seisundis (Keskkonnaagentuur, 2021). Eriti murettekitav on aastail 2012-2020 jälgitav tendents, mille järgi heast kehvemas seisundis olevate järvede osakaalu on koguni suurenenud. Säärane statistika rõhutab vajadust üle vaadata seniseid järvede tervendamise praktikaid. Käesolevas töös pakutakse võimaliku lahendusena tervendamist jätkusuutlikul moel. Käesolevad juhised on välja töötatud 2020. a. augustis KIK toel valminud projekti „Jätkusuutlik väikejärve tervendamine sette eemaldamise ja selle toiteainete taaskasutuse teel“ jätkuprojekti raames. Meetodid on suunatud peamiselt väikejärvede tervendamiseks ning on toeks veemajandajatele. Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskus
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- 2022
23. Recycling Eutrophic Lake Sediments into Grass Production: A Four-Year Field Experiment on Agronomical and Environmental Implications
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Kiani, Mina, primary, Zrim, Jure, additional, Simojoki, Asko, additional, Tammeorg, Olga, additional, Penttinen, Petri, additional, Markkanen, Tuuli, additional, and Tammeorg, Priit, additional
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- 2022
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24. Wind-induced sediment resuspension as a potential factor sustaining eutrophication in large and shallow Lake Peipsi
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Tammeorg, Olga, Niemistö, Juha, Möls, Tõnu, Laugaste, Reet, Panksep, Kristel, and Kangur, Külli
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- 2013
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25. Sediment Phosphorus Release in Boreal Lakes: The Role of Trophic State and Humic Substances
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Nürnberg, Gertrud, additional, Nõges, Peeter, additional, and Niemistö, Juha, additional
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- 2021
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26. Recycling lake sediment to agriculture: Effects on plant growth, nutrient availability, and leaching
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Kiani, Mina, primary, Raave, Henn, additional, Simojoki, Asko, additional, Tammeorg, Olga, additional, and Tammeorg, Priit, additional
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- 2021
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27. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity:Rapid degradation of the world's large lakes
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Jenny, Jean-Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chevre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean-Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gael, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stephan, Jamoneau, Aurelien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Noges, Tiina, Noges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie-Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventela, Anne-Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wangberg, Sten-Ake, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, J, Anneville, O, Arnaud, F, Baulaz, Y, Bouffard, D, Domaizon, I, Bocaniov, S, Chevre, N, Dittrich, M, Dorioz, J, Dunlop, E, Dur, G, Guillard, J, Guinaldo, T, Jacquet, S, Jamoneau, A, Jawed, Z, Jeppesen, E, Krantzberg, G, Lenters, J, Leoni, B, Meybeck, M, Nava, V, Noges, T, Noges, P, Patelli, M, Pebbles, V, Perga, M, Rasconi, S, Ruetz, C, Rudstam, L, Salmaso, N, Sapna, S, Straile, D, Tammeorg, O, Twiss, M, Uzarski, D, Ventela, A, Vincent, W, Wilhelm, S, Wangberg, S, Weyhenmeyer, G, and Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences
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MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,SEA-LAMPREY ,Large lakes ,Second Warning to Humanity, Large lakes, Global change, Biodiversity loss, Ecosystem services, Eutrophication ,Eutrophication ,ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS ,PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS ,ACIPENSER-FULVESCENS ,Biodiversity loss, Ecosystem services, Eutrophication, Global change, Large lakes, Second Warning to Humanity ,FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS ,Second Warning to Humanity ,Biodiversity loss ,Ecosystem services ,SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION ,LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES ,Global change ,LONG-TERM TRENDS ,1172 Environmental sciences - Abstract
Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world's large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research.
- Published
- 2020
28. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes
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Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
- Abstract
Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
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- 2020
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29. Internal phosphorus loading in a small shallow Lake: Response after sediment removal
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Kiani, Mina, primary, Tammeorg, Priit, additional, Niemistö, Juha, additional, Simojoki, Asko, additional, and Tammeorg, Olga, additional
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- 2020
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30. Using Microcystin Gene Copies to Determine Potentially-Toxic Blooms, Example from a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Peipsi
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Panksep, Kristel, primary, Tamm, Marju, additional, Mantzouki, Evanthia, additional, Rantala-Ylinen, Anne, additional, Laugaste, Reet, additional, Sivonen, Kaarina, additional, Tammeorg, Olga, additional, and Kisand, Veljo, additional
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- 2020
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31. The actual role of oxygen deficit in the linkage of the water quality and benthic phosphorus release: Potential implications for lake restoration
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Möls, Tõnu, additional, Niemistö, Juha, additional, Holmroos, Heidi, additional, and Horppila, Jukka, additional
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- 2017
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32. Variations of internal phosphorus loading and water quality in a hypertrophic lake during 40 years of different management efforts
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Horppila, Jukka, primary, Holmroos, Heidi, additional, Niemistö, Juha, additional, Massa, Ilmo, additional, Nygrén, Nina, additional, Schönach, Paula, additional, Tapio, Petri, additional, and Tammeorg, Olga, additional
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- 2017
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33. Internal phosphorus loading across a cascade of three eutrophic basins: A synthesis of short- and long-term studies
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Horppila, Jukka, additional, Tammeorg, Priit, additional, Haldna, Marina, additional, and Niemistö, Juha, additional
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- 2016
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34. Lake catchment characteristics and external P load - cultivated area/lake area ratio as a tool for evaluating the risk of eutrophication from land use information.
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Horppila, Jukka, Holmroos, Heidi, Niemistö, Juha, and Tammeorg, Olga
- Abstract
The effects of land use on external P load (L
P ), critical P load (LC ) and on LP /LC of 27 lakes in Finland were examined with regression analyses. Catchment area to lake area ratio (AC /AL ), cultivated catchment area to lake area ratio (AF /AL ) and the percentage of cultivated land in the catchment (F%) were used as independent variables. We studied whether these parameters can be used to estimate the risk of exceeding the critical P load (LP /LC > 1). All three parameters had a positive effect on LP and LP /LC . Compared with AC /AL and F%, AF /AL had a higher coefficient of determination in predicting LP and LP /LC . This was because AC/AL does not include land use variations in catchments and F% does not include information on catchment size, while AF /AL includes information on both. Critical P load was exceeded when AF /AL > 1.63. AF /AL can be a useful and simple tool for evaluating the risk of lake eutrophication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
35. Effects of natural and anthropogenic pressures on variations in the water quality of large lakes
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Tammeorg, Olga, Möls, Tõnu, and Kangur, Külli
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hüdrobioloogia ,veereostus ,järvesetted ,saastekoormus ,veekvaliteet ,dissertatsioonid ,toitained ,saasteained ,järved ,järvevesi ,Peipsi järv - Abstract
An understanding of the factors that drive the water quality of large lakes is critical to the protection of such waterbodies. In the present study, the contributions made by riverine nutrient loading, sediment resuspension and weather factors to the water quality of large shallow Lake Peipsi were ascertained. High P concentration has been thought to be the main reason for the degradation of the water quality in this lake. It has hitherto been assumed that large shallow lakes are particularly influenced by sediment resuspension. However, there has been a lack of empirical studies that show this, because of the complexity of taking field-measurements. The in-field measurements of sediment resuspension taken for this study are the first ever to carried out in Lake Peipsi. Consequently, these data contribute to the overall knowledge on the unique ecosystems of large and shallow lakes. The Enonselkä basin of the large and shallow Lake Vesijärvi had been suffering from eutrophication, but the lake was successfully restored in the 1990s by reducing the external nutrient loading and also by efficiently removing fish. Since then however, signs of a recurrence in the deterioration of the water quality triggered further investigations of the gross sedimentation and sediment resuspension activities in that lake. The core findings of the studies carried out for this thesis are listed below. 1) Only a small decrease in P loading from the Estonian part of the catchment followed the dramatic reductions in the use of fertilizers, the downturn in livestock production and the improvement in wastewater treatment. Moreover, no significant long-term changes in TP concentrations in Lake Peipsi s.s. occurred, specifically since the 1990s. The annual in-lake TP concentrations were insensitive to the changes in TP loading through the major inflow. The hysteresis in the P dynamics of Lake Peipsi can be due to high P levels in its catchment soils, unchanged external loading from shared parts of its catchment, to internal P loading, and from changes in weather. 2) Sediment resuspension constituted the majority of the gross sedimentation in both Lake Peipsi and in Enonselkä. The spatial differences of the sediment resuspension were determined by the lake’s morphometry. Resuspension-mediated internal loading of TP dominated over the external loading in Lake Peipsi. Therefore, the present study provided the first empirical evidence for the high potential for recycling of P, which was originally brought into the lake by external loading. Sediment resuspension controlled the water quality through its significant influence on the loading of SS, turbidity, the concentrations of TP, and Chl a. Moreover, the results obtained from Enonselkä indicated that sediment fluxes from the shallow areas may govern the water quality of that whole lake. Resuspension, particularly in the shallow areas, triggered the internal loading of SS, which resulted in high water turbidity in the Enonselkä basin. This may be associated with the signs of recurring deterioration of the ecosystem exhibited since the late 1990s following the successful restoration in the 1990s. Macrophyte-based management of the shallow areas could contribute to the restoration of the whole basin. 3) The study of the long-term series of TP measurements revealed the significant contributions to the TP anomalies made by water temperature, water level, photosynthetically active radiation and wind speed. The variability of all these weather factors causes unexpected temporal and geographical deviations of the TP dynamics. Our quantitative estimations of the impacts of different weather variables on TP will help to predict changes in the water quality under different scenarios of climate change. Highly anomalous wind events were the main cause for TP changes. Extensive resuspension measurements in Lake Peipsi demonstrated that the wind affected TP concentration in the water column through the mechanism of sediment resuspension. As a higher frequency of extreme wind events can be expected in the future due to the climate change, severe implications on the lake ecosystems may follow due to the increase of internal P loading. Järvede vee kvaliteet kujuneb paljude looduslike ja inimtekkeliste survetegurite koosmõjul ning nende faktorite mõju selgitamine on esmatähtis keskkonnakaitselisest seisukohast. Käesolevas töös uuriti jõgede reostuskoormuse, setete resuspensiooni ning ilmastiku mõju järvevee kvaliteedi muutlikkusele. Peamiseks uurimisobjektiks oli Peipsi järv, kus tähtsaimaks keskkonnaprobleemiks peetakse vee kõrget fosfori (P) sisaldust. Kvantitatiivselt hinnati P kontsentratsiooni tundlikkust ilmastikutegurite suhtes, mida on siiani vähe uuritud. Esmakordselt uuriti Peipsil katseliselt (settelõksude abil) setete resuspensiooni. Kuigi suuri madalaid järvi peetakse eriti mõjustatuks setete tuuletekkelise resuspensiooni poolt, jäävad empiirilised andmed tihti puudulikeks keeruliste uurimistingimuste tõttu. Võrdluseks uuriti tugevalt eutrofeerunud Vesijärve osa, Enonselkä (Soomes), mille vee kvaliteet paranes 1990. aastatel tänu toiteainete väliskoormuse alandamisele ning kalade väljapüügile. 2000. aastatel täheldati seal taas vee kvaliteedi halvenemist, mis ajendas settimise ja setete resuspensiooni kui selle potentsiaalse põhjuse uurimist. 1) Täheldati vaid vähest Eesti-poolsete jõgede P-koormuse muutust põllumajandustegevuse vähenemise järel 1990. aastate alguses, ning Peipsi Suurjärve vee P kontsentratsioon alates 1990., pikemaajalise perioodi keskmisena, ei muutunud oluliselt. Aastakeskmine järve vee P kontsentratsioon ei reageerinud aastast-aastasse muutuvale P reostuskoormusele. Seoseid võisid mõjutada valgla pinnases ja pinnaveekogudes akumuleerunud P (sisekoormus), muutused ilmastikus ja P sissevoolus uurimata valglalt. 2) Nii Peipsis kui Enonselkäs moodustas setete resuspensioon valdava osa kogu settimisvoost. Uuritud järvedes sõltus setete resuspensiooni (ja settimisvoo) ruumiline varieeruvus peamiselt järve morfomeetriast. Ajaline dünaamika oli seotud põhiliselt tuule mõjuga (tugevate tuulte esinemissagedus; tuule suund). Setete resuspensiooni tekitatud üldfosfori (TP) sisekoormus ületas tunduvalt väliskoormuse väärtust. Seega valglalt pärit P taasringluse potentsiaal Peipsis on väga kõrge. Setete resuspensioon reguleeris Peipsi vee kvaliteeti, mõjutades hõljuvaine (SS), TP ja klorofüll a kontsentratsiooni. Setete resuspensiooni uuringud Enonselkäs näitasid, et järve madalamates piirkondades resuspendeeritud setete ümberpaiknemine võib kontrollida kogu järve vee kvaliteeti. Madalate alade setete resuspensioon oli SS sisevoogude ning suurenenud veehägususe põhjuseks. Antud nähtust võib seostada Enonselkäs ka vee kvaliteedi halvenemisega alates 1990. lõpust. 3) Uuritud ilmastikunäitajad (veetase ja vee temperatuur, päevakeskmine ja maksimaalne tuule kiirus, fotosünteetiliselt aktiivne kiirgus) osutusid olulisteks Peipsi vee kvaliteeti määrajateks. TP kontsentratsiooni muutused olid eriti tundlikud tuule kiiruse muutuste suhtes. Ulatuslikud resuspensiooni mõõtmised, mida tehti Peipsis esmakordselt, näitasid, et tuule mõju vee kvaliteedile avaldub just setete resuspensiooni kaudu. Vastavalt saadud uuringutulemustele võivad kliimamuutuste tagajärjed vee ökosüsteemidele olla dramaatilised. Ekstreemselt kõrge tuulekiiruse juhtude sagenemine, mida prognoositakse seoses kliimamuutustega, võib esile kutsuda P sisekoormuse suurenemist tulevikus. Käesoleva töö tulemused rõhutavad eelkõige väliskoormuse piiramise vajalikkust, mis võimaldaks vähendada primaarproduktsiooni ning teiselt poolt vältida uute toiteainete akumuleerumist setetesse. The doctoral studies and the publication of the current thesis were supported by the Doctoral School of Earth Sciences and Ecology created under the auspices of European Social Fund.
- Published
- 2014
36. Weather conditions influencing phosphorus concentration in the growing period in the large shallow Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia)
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University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Tammeorg, Olga, Möls, Tonu, Kangur, Külli, University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental Sciences, Tammeorg, Olga, Möls, Tonu, and Kangur, Külli
- Published
- 2014
37. Weather conditions influencing phosphorus concentration in the growing period in the large shallow Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia)
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Möls, Tõnu, additional, and Kangur, Külli, additional
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- 2014
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38. Sedimentation and resuspension dynamics in Lake Vesijärvi (Finland): comparison of temporal and spatial variations of sediment fluxes in deep and shallow areas
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Tammeorg, Olga, primary, Niemistö, Juha, additional, Horppila, Jukka, additional, Haldna, Marina, additional, and Kangur, Külli, additional
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- 2013
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39. Opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring to reflect on water quality in large transboundary Lake Peipsi
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Tammeorg, Olga, Tuvikene, Lea, Kondratyev, Sergey, Golosov, Sergey, Zverev, Ilya, Zadonskaya, Olga, and Nõges, Peeter
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transboundary ,monitoring ,Ecology ,Lake Peipsi ,filling gaps ,articles ,lake water quality assessment ,Aquatic Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Lake Peipsi, one of the world’s largest lakes, is shared between Estonia and Russia. The water quality in different parts of the lake has so far been assessed independently. Here we explore opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring. For that, we 1) analysed the compatibility of data for some water quality variables; 2) estimated the potential effects of the differences in sampling frequency; 3) provided a few regression models to calculate the missing data for months not sampled by the Russian side. Data of the concurrent Estonian and Russian sampling indicated a good compatibility. Estonian data analysis suggested that water quality assessment results are sensitive to sampling frequency. For example, total phosphorus (TP) in the largest basin showed a long-term decreasing trend in three month data that disappeared when data for other months were added. Disregarding some months may lead to underor overestimation of certain factors with no consistency in the response of different basins. Hence, data of the whole ice-free period are recommended for an adequate water quality assessment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that monthly values of the water quality variables of the same year are autocorrelated. Based on this, we filled the gaps in the long-term data and compiled a dataset for the whole lake that enables its most comprehensive use in water quality assessment and management. Long-term data revealed no water quality improvement of Lake Peipsi. Further reduction of the external nutrient load is needed. Eutrophication is sustained by high internal phosphorus load. The study has received funding from the Estonian Research Council grants PRG1167 and PRG709, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 951963, and grant No 0154-2019-0001 of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The study has received funding from the Estonian Research Council grants PRG1167 and PRG709, European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 951963, and grant No 0154-2019-0001 of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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40. Opportunities for combining data of Estonian and Russian monitoring to reflect on water quality in large transboundary Lake Peipsi
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'Tammeorg, Olga
41. Closing the phosphorus cycle by recycling lake sediments in agriculture
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Kiani, Mina, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, Uusiutuvien luonnonvarojen kestävän käytön tohtoriohjelma, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, Doktorandprogrammet i hållbart utnyttjande av förnybara naturresurser, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agriculture Sciences, Doctoral Programme in Sustainable Use of Renewable Natural Resources, Renella, Giancarlo, Tammeorg, Priit, Tammeorg, Olga, and Simojoki, Asko and Penttinen, Petri
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plant Production Sciences (Agroecology) - Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant macronutrient, originating mainly from non-renewable phosphate rocks. Rock phosphate (phosphorite) is one of the critical raw materials listed by the European Commission. Unsustainable P use affects food and water security and causes serious environmental problems such as the eutrophication (i.e., nutrient enrichment) of lakes. Given the essential role of P recycled from sediment to overlaying water in sustaining eutrophication, the removal of nutrient-rich sediments from lakes is one of the most effective restoration techniques, especially for small shallow lakes. Sediment removal removes P accumulated in lake sediments and offers the opportunity to close the P cycle by using the removed P in a sustainable manner. In the three studies of this thesis, I examined the potential of closing the agricultural P cycle by using lake sediments for crop production. The studies focused on the best practice for sediment recycling based on pot (I) and field experiments (II) along with investigating the changes to lake P dynamics after sediment removal (III). Excavating all the 7500 m3 of sediment from a 1-ha shallow eutrophic Lake Mustijärv (Viljandi, Estonia) was the starting point of this work. During the lake restoration, 6.4 Mg of P was removed, including 2.4 Mg of NaOH-extracted P (Fe−P), one of the major potentially bioavailable P forms. In the next step, various application methods were examined to use large quantities of lake sediments for grass production during a nine-month lysimeter experiment. The heavy metal and organic contaminant contents in the sediment were below the levels that would pose ecological or health risks according to the threshold values set by Ministry of the Environment, Finland. Using the excavated sediment with a low Fe:P mass ratio (6) resulted in a greater plant-availability of P and other nutrients compared with the sandy loam soil from the lake shore. The fertilization effect and the substantial increase in the growth and P uptake of ryegrass in the sediment-based treatments made the sediment application advisable for crop production. Of all the P fractions, the Fe-P fraction contributed most to plant P uptake. From an environmental impact perspective, even if a relatively thick layer of sediment was applied on top of the soil, it did not increase the risk of phosphate and mineral nitrogen (N) leaching. In addition, a biochar layer slightly reduced P and N leaching from the sediment. Furthermore, the environmental effects of various sediment application methods for grass production were studied in a four-year field experiment on the shore of the restored lake. The treatment effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, N and P leaching, aggregate stability, and soil biota were analyzed. The excavated sediment sustained grass biomass yield of 12 Mg ha−1 in the field, even though yield enhancement was less obvious compared with the lysimeter experiment. In addition to 75 g m−3 of easily soluble P, the sediment had also high contents of other soluble essential plant nutrients, including sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and a fair supply of copper (Cu). Also, the sediment continuously provided a moderate supply of N to the plants over the four-year field experiment, which was likely due to mineralization of the organic reserves of the sediment. Considering the environmental impacts, the sediment-based growing media were observed to have higher carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (579 vs. 400 mg CO2−C m−2 h−1) yet broadly similar nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions compared with the soil surrounding the lake. Also, applying a thick layer of excavated sediment increased the risk of phosphate and mineral N leaching. In addition, sediment treatments had different bacterial and fungal community compositions compared with soil. This could result in different mineralization pathways in soil and sediment-based treatments. During a two-year follow-up period, internal P loading formation in a recently restored lake was examined using sediment and lake water chemistry data. Soon after sediment removal, a high pool of releasable P was rebuilt in the lake due to exceptionally high external P loading. In addition, extensive anoxia of the surface sediments and in the water overlying the lake bottom was revealed. This resulted in high internal P loading, which sustained the eutrophication. Variations in the release rate of P from the newly formed sediments were explained by changes in sediment Fe−P and labile P fractions. Moreover, the gradual decrease in different P forms and organic matter from lake inflow towards outflow revealed the important role of sediment accumulation basins in lake restoration. Sediment from Lake Mustijärv was rich in organic matter and was a good source of several essential nutrients, including P, in plant-available form. I suggest that, instead of using a thick layer of sediments alone as a growing medium, sediment would be applied to soils based on crop nutrient requirements. Such an application, similar to the application of organic fertilizers, may reduce nutrient losses through leaching. With the aim of closing the agricultural P cycle, this case study can be upscaled to other shallow lakes with similar sediment properties. Fosfori (P) on kasveille välttämätön makroravinne, joka on peräisin pääasiassa kiviaineksen uusiutumattomista raakafosfaattivarannoista. Raakafosfaatti (fosforiitti) on yksi Euroopan komission luettelemista kriittisistä raaka-aineista. Kestämätön fosforin käyttö vaikuttaa ruoka- ja vesiturvaan ja aiheuttaa vakavia ympäristöongelmia, kuten järvien rehevöitymistä (eli ravinteiden rikastumista). Koska sedimentistä veteen liukenevalla fosforilla on keskeinen rooli rehevöitymisen ylläpitämisessä, ravinnepitoisten sedimenttien poistaminen on yksi tehokkaimmista ennallistamistekniikoista erityisesti pienissä ja matalissa järvissä. Sedimentin poisto poistaa kertyneen fosforin ja mahdollistaa fosforin kierron sulkemisen hyödyntämällä sitä kestävällä tavalla. Väitöskirjani kolmessa osatutkimuksessa tarkastelin maatalouden fosforin kierron sulkemisen mahdollisuuksia käyttämällä järvisedimenttejä kasvintuotantoon. Tutkimukset kohdistuivat sedimentin kierrätyksen parhaisiin käytäntöihin perustuen astia- (I) ja kenttäkokeisiin (II) sekä järviveden laadun muutosten tutkimiseen sedimentin poiston jälkeen (III). Tutkimuksen alussa yhden hehtaarin kokoisesta, matalasta ja rehevöityneestä Mustijärv-järvestä (Viljandi, Viro) poistettiin järven koko sedimentti, yhteensä 7500 m3. Sedimentin mukana järvestä poistettiin 6,4 Mg fosforia, josta vähintään 2,4 Mg oli potentiaalisesti biosaatavassa muodossa, mukaan lukien NaOH-uuttoisen fosforin (Fe−P) ja labiilin fosforin (Plab) fraktiot. Seuraavassa vaiheessa yhdeksän kuukautta kestäneessä lysimetrikokeessa tutkittiin menetelmiä suurten sedimenttimäärien käyttämiseksi nurmentuotannossa. Raskasmetallien ja orgaanisten vierasaineiden pitoisuudet sedimentissä alittivat ympäristöministeriön asettamat raja-arvot, joita suuremmat pitoisuudet aiheuttaisivat ekologisia tai terveydellisiä riskejä. Matalan Fe:P-suhteen (6) vuoksi fosforin ja muiden ravinteiden käyttökelpoisuus kasveille oli suurempi sedimentissä kuin järven rannan hietamaassa. Jo pelkkä lannoitusvaikutus olisi riittävä syy suositella sedimentin hyödyntämistä kasvintuotannossa. Raiheinän kasvu ja fosforin otto lisääntyi huomattavasti sedimenttipohjaisissa käsittelyissä. Fosforifraktioista Fe-P-fraktio myötävaikutti eniten kasvien fosforinottoon. Ympäristövaikutusten näkökulmasta oli myönteistä, että vaikka vaikka maan päälle levitettiin suhteellisen paksu sedimenttikerros, se ei lisännyt fosfaatin ja mineraalitypen huuhtoutumisen riskiä. Lisäksi sedimentin päälle lisätty biohiilikerros vähensi hieman fosforin ja typen huuhtoutumista sedimentistä. Sedimentin eri hyödyntämismenetelmien ympäristövaikutuksia nurmentuotannossa selvitettiin edelleen kunnostetun järven rannalle perustetussa nelivuotisessa kenttäkokeessa, jossa mitattiin käsittelyjen vaikutuksia kasvihuonekaasupäästöihin, fosforin ja typen huuhtoutumiseen, maa-aggregaattien kestävyyteen ja maaperän eliöstöön. Kentällä sedimenttilisäyksen saaneissa koejäsenissä nurmibiomassan tuotto oli 12 Mg ha−1, mutta sadon lisääntyminen ei ollut yhtä ilmeistä kuin lysimetrikokeessa. Helppoliukoisen fosforin (75 g m−3) lisäksi sedimentissä oli helppoliukoisena runsaasti myös muita välttämättömiä kasviravinteita, kuten rikkiä (S), kalsiumia (Ca), magnesiumia (Mg), booria (B) ja sinkkiä (Zn). Sedimentissä oli myös kohtalaisesti typpeä kasveille käyttökelpoisessa muodossa koko nelivuotisen kenttäkokeen ajan, mikä johtui todennäköisesti sedimentin orgaanisen aineksen mineralisoitumisesta. Ympäristövaikutusten tarkastelu osoitti, että kentällä sedimenttipohjaisten kasvualustojen hiilidioksidipäästöt (CO2) olivat suurempia kuin järveä ympäröivästä hietamaasta (579 vs. 400 mg CO2−C m−2 h−1), mutta typpioksiduulipäästöt (N2O) olivat samalla tasolla. Lisäksi paksu sedimenttikerros lisäsi fosfaatin ja mineraalitypen huuhtoutumisen riskiä. Sedimenttikäsittelyiden bakteeri- ja sieniyhteisöt poikkesivat hietamaan yhteisöistä, mikä saattaa johtaa eroihin ravinteiden mineralisaatiossa. Kunnostetun järven sisäistä P-kuormitusta tutkittiin seuraamalla sedimentin ja järven ravinnepitoisuuksia kahden vuoden ajan. Suuren ulkoisen fosforikuormituksen vuoksi järven liukenevan fosforin varastot palasivat ennalleen pian sedimentin poiston jälkeen. Havaittiin myös, että järven sedimentti ja sitä välittömästi peittänyt vesikerros olivat laajalti vähähappisia. Tämä johti korkeaan sisäiseen fosforikuormitukseen, joka ylläpiti rehevöitymistä. Fosforin vapautumisnopeuden vaihtelut äskettäin muodostuneista sedimenteistä selittyivät sedimentin Fe−P- ja Plab-fraktioiden muutoksilla. Lisäksi eri fosforimuotojen ja orgaanisen aineksen asteittainen väheneminen sedimenttien laskeutusaltaissa, kun mentiin järven sisäänvirtauksesta kohti ulosvirtausta, paljasti sedimentin kertymisaltaiden tärkeän roolin järvien kunnostuksessa. Mustijärv-järven sedimentissä oli runsaasti orgaanista ainesta ja useita kasveille välttämättömiä ravinteita, kuten fosforia, kasveille käyttökelpoisessa muodossa. Suosittelen, että kasvintuotannossa maahan lisättävät sedimenttimäärät valitaan viljelykasvien tarpeiden perusteella, kuten maanparannusaineilla, sen sijaan että paksua sedimenttikerrosta käytettäisiin yksinomaisena kasvualustana. Tämä voi vähentää huuhtoutumisesta johtuvaa ravinteiden hävikkiä. Rehevöityneitä matalia järviä, joilla on samanlaiset sedimenttiominaisuudet kuin tämän tutkimuksen järvellä, voidaan kunnostaa ja niiden sedimenttiä voidaan hyödyntää maatalouden fosforikierron sulkemiseksi tässä tutkimuksessa kuvatulla tavalla.
- Published
- 2023
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