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1. Results From Finland's 2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

Author: Asunta, P., Kämppi, K., Ng, K., Saari, A., and Tammelin, T.
Subjects: LEISURE, PSYCHOLOGY of children with disabilities, FOCUS groups, RESEARCH methodology, INTERVIEWING, PHYSICAL fitness, PHYSICAL activity, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICAL sampling, THEMATIC analysis, HEALTH promotion
Abstract: Finland's 2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities includes a summary of results and grades for 10 physical activity indicators and highlights how these grades are interpreted by stakeholders. The disability classification was based on the UNICEF/Washington Group on Disability Statistics measure, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD7) measure, or education status. Data between 2017 and 2021 were reviewed by 24 physical activity specialists using benchmarks adapted for data on disabilities from the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. The grades were assigned as follows: Overall Physical Activity, C+; Organized Sport, C; Active Play, D; Active Transportation, B; Family and Peers, C+; School, B; Community and Environment, C−; Government, A−; sedentary behavior and physical fitness were graded as incomplete. Stakeholder focus-group discussions highlighted the need for multidisciplinary cooperation and increasing competence of specialists working with children to promote a physically active lifestyle for all children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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2. Differences in Physical Activity at Recess and School-Related Social Factors in Four Finnish Lower Secondary Schools

Author: Haapala, H. L., Hirvensalo, M. H., Laine, K., Laakso, L., Hakonen, H., Lintunen, T., and Tammelin, T. H.
Abstract: This study investigated the differences in physical activity (PA) at recess and school-related social factors, and described school PA promotion processes and staff experiences at four lower secondary schools from the Finnish Schools on the Move programme. Recess PA, peer relationships at school, relatedness to school, and school climate were assessed via surveys with eighth-grade students in spring 2011 (n = 385) and spring 2013 (n = 373). Local contact people in the school projects (n = 6), school staff (n = 83) and principals (n = 3) provided information on the PA promotion process via telephone interviews and surveys. Differences in student-level data in years 2011 and 2013 were analysed by gender using two-way ANOVA. Data on school processes were analysed using a combination of classification, narrative approach and content analysis. In two of the four schools, male students reported higher levels of recess PA in 2013 compared to 2011. In three schools, school-related social factors did not differ between 2011 and 2013. School cultures and routes towards a more physically active school day differed; the project was highly visible in all schools, but staff participation varied. More research is needed to determine the effective physically active strategies to promote positive social well-being and to enhance staff engagement.
Published: 2017
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3. Effects of school-based physical activity on mathematics performance in children: a systematic review

Author: Sneck, S., Viholainen, H., Syväoja, H., Kankaapää, A., Hakonen, H., Poikkeus, A.-M., and Tammelin, T.
Published: 2019
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4. Temperament and longitudinal changes in physical activity:the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

Author: Karppanen, A.-K. (Anna-Kaisa), Miettunen, J. (Jouko), Hurtig, T. (Tuula), Nordström, T. (Tanja), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Karppanen, A.-K. (Anna-Kaisa), Miettunen, J. (Jouko), Hurtig, T. (Tuula), Nordström, T. (Tanja), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), and Korpelainen, R. (Raija)
Abstract: Background: Insufficient physical activity is risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. This population-based birth cohort study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between self-reported temperament at age 31 and self-reported leisure-time moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels and changes thereof from the age of 31 to the age of 46 years. Methods: The study population comprised 3,084 subjects (1,359 male and 1,725 female) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MVPA was self-reported at ages 31 and 46 years. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence and their subscales were measured using Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory at age 31. Four temperament clusters were used in the analyses: persistent, overactive, dependent, and passive. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between temperament and MVPA. Results: The persistent and overactive temperament profiles at age 31 were positively associated with higher MVPA levels both in young adulthood and in midlife, while the passive and dependent temperament profiles were associated with lower MVPA levels. The overactive temperament profile was associated with a decrease in MVPA levels from young adulthood to midlife among males. Conclusion: A passive temperament profile characterized by high harm avoidance is associated with a higher risk of low MVPA level than other temperament profiles over the life cycle in females. The results suggest that temperament may play a role in determining the level and sustainability of MVPA. Individual targeting and intervention tailoring for promoting physical activity should consider temperament traits.
Published: 2023

5. More active lessons:teachers’ perceptions of student engagement during physically active maths lessons in Finland

Author: Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), Järvelä, S. (Sanna), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), Järvelä, S. (Sanna), and Tammelin, T. (Tuija)
Abstract: The Moving Maths study was conducted to increase third grade pupils’ physical activity and support their learning in Finland. Altogether 397 children (mean age 9.3 years) and 22 teachers took part in an intervention with two types of physically active maths lessons for five months. One group carried out lessons in which PA was integrated into maths learning goals, while another group implemented PA as short breaks. A control group was also allocated. The aim of the current study was to qualitatively examine classroom teachers’ (n = 12) experiences and perceptions of student engagement during the intervention. The results indicated that pupils showed positive emotional and social engagement in both intervention groups. Positive cognitive engagement was indicated by concentration on seated work after the activities, but some teachers reported uncertainty about the learning results. It is concluded that in addition to reducing children’s harmful sedentary behaviour, physically active lessons can positively affect student engagement and may thus enhance learning.
Published: 2023

6. Adolescents' Physical Activity at Recess and Actions to Promote a Physically Active School Day in Four Finnish Schools

Author: Haapala, H. L., Hirvensalo, M. H., Laine, K., Laakso, L., Hakonen, H., Lintunen, T., and Tammelin, T. H.
Abstract: The national Finnish Schools on the Move programme support schools with their individual plans to promote school-based physical activity (PA). We examined the changes in adolescents' recess and overall PA in four lower secondary schools and described the school actions to promote students' PA and the local contact persons' perceptions of the effects. Recess and overall PA were assessed four times by anonymous questionnaires from students in grades 7-9 (n = 789) in 2010-12, and local contact persons (n = 7) provided information on school actions with diaries, interviews and surveys. Student data were analysed with descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, and school actions data were analysed with quantitative content analysis. The proportion of students who participated in physical activities at recess at least sometimes increased from 30% to 49% in physically active play and from 33% to 42% in ball games, mostly due to improvements in males' participation. Females' participation in recess activities increased in two schools with gender-specific physical activities or facilities. Overall PA levels declined slightly. Organized recess activities, student recess activators and equipment provision and sports facilities development were considered to have affected students' PA positively. Solutions for getting females more physically active in the school setting are needed.
Published: 2014
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7. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic outcomes in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for body mass index

Author: Berntzen, B., Jukarainen, S., Kataja, M., Hakkarainen, A., Lundbom, J., Lundbom, N., Tammelin, T., Simonen, R., Piirilä, P., Rissanen, A., Kaprio, J., Paavonen, E. J., and Pietiläinen, K. H.
Published: 2018
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8. Longitudinal physical activity trajectories from childhood to adulthood and their determinants: The Young Finns Study

Author: Rovio, S. P., Yang, X., Kankaanpää, A., Aalto, V., Hirvensalo, M., Telama, R., Pahkala, K., Hutri‐Kähönen, N., Viikari, J. S. A., Raitakari, O. T., and Tammelin, T. H.
Published: 2018
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9. Physical Activity, Emotional and Behavioural Problems, Maternal Education and Self-Reported Educational Performance of Adolescents

Author: Kantomaa, M. T., Tammelin, T. H., Demakakos, P., Ebeling, H. E., and Taanila, A. M.
Abstract: This study examined whether physical activity, mental health and socio-economic position were associated with the overall academic performance and future educational plans of adolescents aged 15-16 years. We used a sample of 7002 boys and girls from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Data were collected by a postal enquiry in 2001-02. Multivariable logistic regression models were estimated and adjusted for family structure and all variables in the models. In the fully adjusted models, higher levels of physical activity and high parental socio-economic position were associated with higher overall academic performance and future plans for higher education. High scoring on behavioural problems was related to lower overall academic performance and poorer future academic plans. In summary, a higher level of physical activity, fewer behavioural problems and higher socio-economic position were independently associated with high self-perceived overall academic performance and plans for higher education among adolescents. The interrelations of these factors and the positive relationship between physical activity, mental health and school outcomes provide a context of critical importance for future research, intervention programming and policy directed at improving the educational attainment of adolescents.
Published: 2010
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10. Association between adolescent sport activities and lumbar disk degeneration among young adults

Author: Takatalo, J., Karppinen, J., Näyhä, S., Taimela, S., Niinimäki, J., Blanco Sequeiros, R., Tammelin, T., Auvinen, J., and Tervonen, O.
Published: 2017
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11. Role of nanocellulose in tailoring electroanalytical performance of hybrid nanocellulose/multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes

Author: Durairaj, V. (Vasuki), Liljeström, T. (Touko), Wester, N. (Niklas), Engelhardt, P. (Peter), Sainio, S. (Sami), Wilson, B. P. (Benjamin P.), Li, P. (Panpan), Kontturi, K. S. (Katri S.), Tammelin, T. (Tekla), Laurila, T. (Tomi), Koskinen, J. (Jari), Durairaj, V. (Vasuki), Liljeström, T. (Touko), Wester, N. (Niklas), Engelhardt, P. (Peter), Sainio, S. (Sami), Wilson, B. P. (Benjamin P.), Li, P. (Panpan), Kontturi, K. S. (Katri S.), Tammelin, T. (Tekla), Laurila, T. (Tomi), and Koskinen, J. (Jari)
Abstract: Nanocellulose has emerged as a promising green dispersant for carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and there is an increasing trend in developing nanocellulose/CNT hybrid materials for electrochemical detection of various small molecules. However, there have been very few comprehensive studies investigating the role of nanocellulosic material properties upon the electroanalytical performance of the resultant hybrid electrodes. In this work, we demonstrate the influence of both nanocellulose functionalization and geometry, utilizing sulfated cellulose nanocrystals, sulfated cellulose nanofibers, and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers. Transmission electron microscopy tomography enables direct visualization of the effect of nanocellulosic materials on the hybrid architectures. High resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy verifies that the chemical nature of CNTs in the different hybrids is unmodified. Electroanalytical performances of the different nanocellulose/CNT hybrid electrodes are critically evaluated using physiologically relevant biomolecules with different charge such as, dopamine (cationic), paracetamol (neutral), and uric acid (anionic). The hybrid electrode containing fibrillar nanocellulose geometry with a high degree of sulfate group functionalization provides the highest electroanalytical sensitivity and strongest enrichment towards all studied analytes. These results clearly demonstrate for the first time, the extent of tailorability upon the electroanalytical response of nanocellulose/CNT hybrid electrodes towards different biomolecules, offered simply by the choice of nanocellulosic materials.
Published: 2022

12. Moving Maths:effects and experiences of physical activity integrated into primary school mathematics lessons

Author: Järvelä, S. (Sanna), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Järvelä, S. (Sanna), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), and Sneck, S. (Sirpa)
Abstract: The daily physical activity (PA) of children in Finland does not meet WHO recommendations, causing concern over children’s well-being. One solution would be to integrate PA into the school day. The aims of this dissertation are to analyse evidence on the effects of school-based PA interventions on performance in mathematics, describe the experiences and perceptions of participants in the Moving Maths intervention and present the effects of this intervention on mathematics performance. The Moving Maths study was conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Finland on pupils aged 9 years. This randomised controlled trial was designed to investigate the effects of two different types of mathematics lessons on learning and engagement: one with PA integrated into learning goals and another with PA implemented through short breaks. A third group was allocated as a control. This dissertation is compiled from four original articles. The results of the first study (a systematic review and meta-analysis) indicated that 45% of the included school-based PA interventions positively influenced mathematics performance. The second study was based on interview data and comprised an investigation into pupils’ experiences and perceptions of student engagement during the nine-week pilot study. The pupils in the PA break group expressed mixed experiences, while the integrated PA group experienced positive emotional and social engagement and improved concentration. Based on individual interviews, the third study focused on teachers’ experiences and perceptions of student engagement during the five-month intervention. Although positive emotional and social engagement was indicated in both PA groups, some concerns were reported about learning outcomes and behavioural engagement. The results of the final article indicated that the Moving Maths intervention did not affect pupils’ performance in mathematics. In conclusion, this dissertation presents evidence that indicates PA can positively im, Tiivistelmä Lasten päivittäinen fyysinen aktiivisuus Suomessa ei täytä WHO:n suosituksia, mikä on huolestuttavaa lasten hyvinvoinnille. Yksi vaihtoehto lisätä lasten liikkumista on sisällyttää sitä koulupäiviin. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena on analysoida kouluissa toteutettuja interventiotutkimuksia, joissa lisättiin liikkumista koulupäiviin, kuvailla Liikkuvaa matikkaa -tutkimuksen osallistujien kokemuksia ja käsityksiä interventiosta sekä esittää intervention vaikutukset oppilaiden matematiikan oppimistuloksiin. Tutkimus toteutettiin Suomessa vuosina 2017–2020. Satunnaistetussa kontrolloidussa tutkimuksessa selvitettiin fyysisesti aktiivisten matematiikan oppituntien vaikutusta yhdeksänvuotiaiden matematiikan oppimiseen ja oppimiseen sitoutumiseen. Liikkuen matikkaa -ryhmässä integroitiin liikkumista matematiikan oppimistavoitteisiin, kun taas Liikuntatauot-ryhmän oppilaat aktivoitiin liikuntatauoilla. Tutkimukseen kuului myös vertailuryhmä. Tämä väitöskirja koostuu neljästä artikkelista. Ensimmäisen katsausartikkelin tulosten mukaan 45 % koulupäivän aikaisista liikkumista lisäävistä interventioista vaikutti positiivisesti oppilaiden matematiikan oppimistuloksiin. Toinen artikkeli perustui haastatteluun, jossa selvitettiin oppilaiden kokemuksia oppimiseen sitoutumisesta pilottitutkimuksen aikana. Liikuntatauot-ryhmässä kokemukset olivat vaihtelevia, kun taas Liikkuen matikkaa -ryhmä oli kokenut positiivista tunnetason ja sosiaalisen tason sitoutumista. Kolmas tutkimus selvitti haastattelujen avulla opettajien kokemuksia oppilaiden sitoutumisesta viiden kuukauden intervention aikana ja osoitti, että tunnetason ja sosiaalisen tason sitoutuminen oli positiivista molemmissa tutkimusryhmissä. Osa opettajista ilmaisi kuitenkin huolensa oppilaiden oppimistuloksista ja osaa huolestutti oppilaiden käytöksen tason sitoutuminen. Neljännen artikkelin tulokset osoittivat, että Liikkuvaa matikkaa -interventio ei vaikuttanut matematiikan oppimistuloksiin. Tämä väitöskirja esit
Published: 2022

13. Pupils’ experiences and perceptions of engagement during the Moving Maths programme

Author: Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Järvelä, S. (Sanna), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Järvelä, S. (Sanna), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), and Tammelin, T. (Tuija)
Abstract: This study investigated pupil experiences and perceptions of two kinds of classroom-based physically active math lessons during the Moving Maths programme in a Finnish primary school context. Qualitative data were gathered in focus group interviews with 16 nine-year-old pupils. Pupils in the group with physically active breaks during math lessons expressed mixed experiences, while pupils in the group with physical activity (PA) integrated into math curriculum experienced increased positive emotional and cognitive engagement. It is concluded that integrating PA into mathematics lessons is a feasible pedagogical method, especially in the form of PA integrated into math curriculum goals.
Published: 2022

14. Changes in BMI and physical activity from youth to adulthood distinguish normal-weight, metabolically obese adults from those who remain healthy

Author: Viitasalo, A., Pahkala, K., Lehtimäki, T., Viikari, J. S.A., Tammelin, T. H., Raitakari, O., Kilpeläinen, T. O., Viitasalo, A., Pahkala, K., Lehtimäki, T., Viikari, J. S.A., Tammelin, T. H., Raitakari, O., and Kilpeläinen, T. O.
Abstract: Highlights: Adults with MONW have a lower BMI during youth until young adulthood, but higher BMI after this than adults with metabolically healthy normal weight. Adults with MONW have a greater decrease in physical activity from youth to adulthood than other adults. Healthy lifestyle is important in the prevention of metabolic disorders, particularly in individuals who are slim in childhood. Background: Individuals with metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) have higher risk of cardiovascular events than those with obesity but a metabolically healthy status. Etiological factors leading to MONW are not well known. We hypothesized distinct trajectories of changes in BMI and physical activity may modify metabolic risk and distinguish individuals with MONW from those who remain healthy. Methods: We compared the mean levels of BMI and physical activity at eight time points (1980, 1983, 1986, 1989, 1992, 2001, 2007, 2011) between MONW and healthy normal-weight adults using linear mixed-model analysis. The analyses included 1180 participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study, a population-based study that represents six different age cohorts 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 years of age at baseline. Results: Individuals with adult MONW had significantly lower BMI in childhood and young adulthood, but their BMI increased more than in other adults after this age (p<0.001for interaction between time and MONW status). Physical activity decreased relatively more since youth in individuals with adult MONW (p<0.001). Conclusions: Relative leanness in youth and subsequent weight gain in young adulthood, and a gradual decrease in physical activity levels from youth to adulthood, predispose normal-weight individuals to metabolic impairments. The results highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention of metabolic disorders, particularly in individuals who are slim in childhood.
Published: 2022

15. More active lessons:teachers’ perceptions of student engagement during physically active maths lessons in Finland

Author: Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), Järvelä, S. (Sanna), and Tammelin, T. (Tuija)
Subjects: mathematics, teacher interview, intervention, engagement, physically active learning
Abstract: The Moving Maths study was conducted to increase third grade pupils’ physical activity and support their learning in Finland. Altogether 397 children (mean age 9.3 years) and 22 teachers took part in an intervention with two types of physically active maths lessons for five months. One group carried out lessons in which PA was integrated into maths learning goals, while another group implemented PA as short breaks. A control group was also allocated. The aim of the current study was to qualitatively examine classroom teachers’ (n = 12) experiences and perceptions of student engagement during the intervention. The results indicated that pupils showed positive emotional and social engagement in both intervention groups. Positive cognitive engagement was indicated by concentration on seated work after the activities, but some teachers reported uncertainty about the learning results. It is concluded that in addition to reducing children’s harmful sedentary behaviour, physically active lessons can positively affect student engagement and may thus enhance learning.
Published: 2022

16. Physical activity and fitness in adolescents at risk for psychosis within the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort

Author: Koivukangas, J., Tammelin, T., Kaakinen, M., Mäki, P., Moilanen, I., Taanila, A., and Veijola, J.
Published: 2010
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17. Results From Finland’s 2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities

Author: Asunta, P., primary, Kämppi, K., additional, Ng, K., additional, Saari, A., additional, and Tammelin, T., additional
Published: 2022
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18. Nanocellulose-based mechanically stable immobilization matrix for enhanced ethylene production

Author: Rissanen, V., Vajravel, S., Kosourov, S., Arola, Suvi, Kontturi, E., Allahverdiyeva, Y., Tammelin, T., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, University of Turku, Materials Chemistry of Cellulose, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: CONVERSION, EFFICIENCY, ALGINATE FILMS, HYDROGELS, PHOTOPRODUCTION, CELLULOSE NANOFIBRILS, CYANOBACTERIA
Abstract: openaire: EC/H2020/899576/EU//FuturoLEAF This research was financially supported by the NordForsk NCoE program “NordAqua” (project 82845), the Academy of Finland (AlgaLEAF, project no. 322752, 322754 and 322755). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 899576. The work is a part of the Academy of Finland's Flagship Programme under Projects No. 318890 and 318891 (Competence Center for Materials Bioeconomy, FinnCERES). Dr Suvi Arola was supported by the Academy of Finland postdoctoral fellow grant no 311608 and 326262. We are thankful to Dr Valentina Guccini for help in AFM imaging. Cell immobilization is a promising approach to create efficient photosynthetic cell factories for sustainable chemical production. Here, we demonstrate a novel photosynthetic solid-state cell factory design for sustainable biocatalytic ethylene production. We entrapped cyanobacteria within never-dried hydrogel films of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) cross-linked with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to create a self-standing matrix architecture. The matrix is operational in the challenging submerged conditions and outperforms existing alginate-based solutions in terms of wet strength, long-term cell fitness, and stability. Based on rheological investigations, the critical strength of wet TCNF matrices is three times higher than in the existing immobilization matrices of alginate cross-linked with Ca2+. This is due to the rigid nature of the colloidal nanofiber network and the strong cross-linking with PVA, as opposed to polymeric alginate with reversible ionic Ca2+ bonds. The porous and hygroscopic nanofiber network also shields the cyanobacterial cells from environmental stress, maintaining photosynthetic activity during partial drying of films, and when submerged in the nutrient medium for long-term cultivation. Finally, TCNF matrices allow the ethylene-producing Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells to operate in submerged conditions under high inorganic carbon loads (200 mM NaHCO3), where Ca2+-alginate matrices fail. The latter show severe cell leakage due to matrix disintegration already within 20 min of NaHCO3 supplementation. In contrast, TCNF-based matrices prevent cell leakage to the medium and restrict culture growth, leading to improved ethylene production yields. Furthermore, the operational capacity of the self-standing TNCF cell factory can be maintained long-term by periodically refreshing the nutrient medium. All in all, the results showcase the versatility and potential of cell immobilization with the never-dried colloidal TCNF matrix, paving the way towards novel biotechnological pathways using solid-state cell factories designed for efficient and sustainable production of e.g., monomers and fuels.
Published: 2021

19. Infant motor development and physical activity and sedentary time at midlife

Author: Karppanen, A.-K. (Anna-Kaisa), Hurtig, T. (Tuula), Miettunen, J. (Jouko), Niemelä, M. (Maisa), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), and Korpelainen, R. (Raija)
Subjects: accelerometer, locomotor development, early life, middle-aged
Abstract: This study investigated whether the timing of infant motor development is associated with self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in midlife. This population-based study consisted of 4098 people born in 1966 in Northern Finland (NFBC 1966). Data on nine infant motor developmental milestones included making sounds, holding up the head, grabbing objects, turning from back to tummy, sitting without support, standing with support, walking with support, standing without support, and walking without support. At the age of 46, PA at leisure time and sitting time was self-reported. PA and ST were also measured with a wrist-worn Polar Active accelerometer that was instructed to be worn on the non-dominant hand 24 h/d for 14 days. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between infant motor development and PA and ST in midlife. Later infant motor development was weakly associated with higher accelerometer-measured light PA, but not with moderate-to-vigorous PA. Later infant locomotor development was associated with lower accelerometer-measured ST (β −0.07, p = 0.012) and lower self-reported sitting time at work (β −0.06, p = 0.004) in women. In conclusion, later infant motor development was associated with higher light PA and lower sedentary time at middle age. PA is a multifactorial behavior influenced by various factors from early childhood to midlife. Further research is required before more general conclusions can be drawn.
Published: 2021

20. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome at age 16 using the International Diabetes Federation paediatric definition

Author: Pirkola, J., Tammelin, T., Bloigu, A., Pouta, A., Laitinen, J., Ruokonen, A., Tapanainen, P., Jarvelin, M.-R., and Vaarasmaki, M.
Subjects: Metabolic syndrome X -- Diagnosis, Metabolic syndrome X -- Demographic aspects, Metabolic syndrome X -- Terminology, Metabolic syndrome X -- Research
Published: 2008

21. Systematic evaluation of the association between hemoglobin levels and metabolic profile implicates beneficial effects of hypoxia

Author: Auvinen, J. (Juha), Tapio, J. (Joona), Karhunen, V. (Ville), Kettunen, J. (Johannes), Serpi, R. (Raisa), Dimova, E. Y. (Elitsa Y.), Gill, D. (Dipender), Soininen, P. (Pasi), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Mykkänen, J. (Juha), Puukka, K. (Katri), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Raitoharju, E. (Emma), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Ala-Korpela, M. (Mika), Raitakari, O. T. (Olli T.), Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Koivunen, P. (Peppi), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Tapio, J. (Joona), Karhunen, V. (Ville), Kettunen, J. (Johannes), Serpi, R. (Raisa), Dimova, E. Y. (Elitsa Y.), Gill, D. (Dipender), Soininen, P. (Pasi), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Mykkänen, J. (Juha), Puukka, K. (Katri), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Raitoharju, E. (Emma), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Ala-Korpela, M. (Mika), Raitakari, O. T. (Olli T.), Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), and Koivunen, P. (Peppi)
Abstract: Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway reprograms energy metabolism. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the main carrier of oxygen. Using its normal variation as a surrogate measure for hypoxia, we explored whether lower Hb levels could lead to healthier metabolic profiles in mice and humans (nn = 7175) and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate potential causality (n = 173,480). The results showed evidence for lower Hb levels being associated with lower body mass index, better glucose tolerance and other metabolic profiles, lower inflammatory load, and blood pressure. Expression of the key HIF target genes SLC2A4 and Slc2a1 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, respectively, associated with systolic blood pressure in MR analyses and body weight, liver weight, and adiposity in mice. Last, manipulation of murine Hb levels mediated changes to key metabolic parameters. In conclusion, low-end normal Hb levels may be favorable for metabolic health involving mild chronic activation of the HIF response.
Published: 2021

22. Psychosocial and lifestyle correlates of musculoskeletal pain patterns in adolescence: A 2-year follow-up study

Author: Jussila, L., Paananen, M., Näyhä, S., Taimela, S., Tammelin, T., Auvinen, J., and Karppinen, J.
Published: 2014
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23. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL MOTOR SKILLS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN 4-YEAR-OLD PRESCHOOL CHILDREN,

Author: Iivonen, K. S., Sääkslahti, A. K., Mehtälä, A., Villberg, J. J., Tammelin, T. H., Kulmala, J. S., and Poskiparta, M.
Published: 2013
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24. Nanocellulose-based mechanically stable immobilization matrix for enhanced ethylene production: a framework for photosynthetic solid-state cell factories

Author: Rissanen, V., primary, Vajravel, S., additional, Kosourov, S., additional, Arola, S., additional, Kontturi, E., additional, Allahverdiyeva, Y., additional, and Tammelin, T., additional
Published: 2021
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25. NECK AND SHOULDER PAIN IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY ACTIVITIES IN ADOLESCENCE

Author: Auvinen, J, Tammelin, T, Taimela, S, Zitting, P, and Karppinen, J
Published: 2009

26. ASSOCIATIONS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND INACTIVITY WITH LOW BACK PAIN IN ADOLESCENTS

Author: Auvinen, J, Tammelin, T, Taimela, S, Zitting, P, and Karppinen, J
Published: 2009

27. ARE SLEEP DISTURBANCES A RISK FACTOR FOR NECK AND LOW BACK PAIN? A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN ADOLESCENTS

Author: Auvinen, J, Tammelin, T, Taimela, S, Zitting, P, Järvelin, M-R, Taanila, A, and Karppinen, J
Published: 2009

28. Insulin resistance and lipid levels in adolescents with familial risk for psychosis

Author: Koponen, H., Mäki, P., Halonen, H., Miettunen, J., Laitinen, J., Tammelin, T., Moilanen, I., Taanila, A., Ruokonen, A., Korkeila, J., and Veijola, J.
Published: 2008

29. Associations of physical activity and inactivity with low back pain in adolescents

Author: Auvinen, J., Tammelin, T., Taimela, S., Zitting, P., and Karppinen, J.
Published: 2008

30. Change in the level of physical activity from adolescence into adulthood and obesity at the age of 31 years

Author: Tammelin, T, Laitinen, J, and Näyhä, S
Published: 2004

31. HEAVY PHYSICAL WORK IS RELATED TO GOOD PHYSICAL FITNESS IN YOUNG ADULTS

Author: Tammelin, T, Näyhä, S, Rintamäki, H, and Zitting, P
Published: 2001

32. Is it good to be good?:dispositional compassion and health behaviors

Author: Gluschkoff, K. (Kia), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Elovainio, M. (Marko), Saarinen, A. (Aino), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Hirvensalo, M. (Mirja), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (Liisa), Raitakari, O. (Olli), and Hintsanen, M. (Mirka)
Subjects: animal structures, Physical activity, Compassion, Smoking, Alcohol consumption, Health behaviors
Abstract: Background/Objectives: Despite the documented importance of dispositional compassions for a range of health-related outcomes, its role in predicting health behaviors remains unclear. Purpose: This study examined the associations between dispositional compassion and three domains of health behavior, including physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking. Methods: The participants (N = 1,279–1,913) were from the Finnish population-based Young Finns study. We collected self-reports of compassion in 1997 and 2011 and health behaviors in 2001, 2007, and 2011. In addition, an objective pedometer measure of physical activity was collected in 2011. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between compassion and the health behavior outcomes. Results: In a cross-sectional analysis, compassion was associated with having never smoked and a reduced likelihood of at-risk alcohol use and binge drinking. There was no robust association between compassion and physical activity. In longitudinal analyses over a 14-year period, the associations remained for at-risk alcohol use and binge drinking. Conclusions: Dispositional compassion may have a protective effect against unhealthy behaviors, especially excessive alcohol consumption.
Published: 2019

33. Prolonged bouts of sedentary time and cardiac autonomic function in midlife

Author: Niemelä, M. (Maisa), Kiviniemi, A. (Antti), Kangas, M. (Maarit), Farrahi, V. (Vahid), Leinonen, A. (Anna‐Maiju), Ahola, R. (Riikka), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Puukka, K. (Katri), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Jämsä, T. (Timo), Niemelä, M. (Maisa), Kiviniemi, A. (Antti), Kangas, M. (Maarit), Farrahi, V. (Vahid), Leinonen, A. (Anna‐Maiju), Ahola, R. (Riikka), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Puukka, K. (Katri), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), and Jämsä, T. (Timo)
Abstract: Excessive sedentary time (SED) and long SED bouts are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and increased mortality. Low heart rate variability (HRV), indicating autonomic dysfunction, increases mortality and CVD morbidity. Information about the association between prolonged SED and HRV is lacking. The aim was to assess the relationship between SED bouts and HRV. Physical activity (PA), SED, HRV, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were collected from a birth‐cohort sample (n = 4150) at 46 years. PA and SED were measured for 14 days with an activity monitor (Polar Active, Polar Electro, Finland). SED accumulating in bouts of at least 30 and 60 minutes (SED30, SED60) was calculated. Linear regression was used to study the relationship between prolonged SED and HRV accounting for CRF, PA, and health covariates. Higher SED60 and in women SED30 were associated with higher root mean square of differences in R‐R intervals (rMSSD) after adjustments (β = .082‐.104). In women, higher SED60 was associated with lower ratio between low‐ and high‐frequency powers (β = −.060). Sedentary bouts were not associated with resting HR or post‐exercise HR recovery. A positive relationship between SED bouts and rMSSD independent of PA and CRF was found, prolonged SED being positively associated with cardiac parasympathetic activity in midlife.
Published: 2019

34. Physical activity, sleep, and symptoms of depression in adults:testing for mediation

Author: Kaseva, K. (Kaisa), Dobewall, H. (Henrik), Yang, X. (Xiaolin), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Lipsanen, J. (Jari), Hintsa, T. (Taina), Hintsanen, M. (Mirka), Puttonen, S. (Sampsa), Hirvensalo, M. (Mirja), Elovainio, M. (Marko), Raitakari, O. (Olli), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Kaseva, K. (Kaisa), Dobewall, H. (Henrik), Yang, X. (Xiaolin), Pulkki-Råback, L. (Laura), Lipsanen, J. (Jari), Hintsa, T. (Taina), Hintsanen, M. (Mirka), Puttonen, S. (Sampsa), Hirvensalo, M. (Mirja), Elovainio, M. (Marko), Raitakari, O. (Olli), and Tammelin, T. (Tuija)
Abstract: Purpose: Physical activity, sleep problems, and symptoms of depression contribute to overall well-being. The factors are reciprocally associated, but the nature of these associations remains unclear. The present study examined whether sleep problems mediated the association between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Methods: The eligible population (n = 3596) consisted of adults from the ongoing, population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study started in 1980. Participants’ leisure-time physical activity was assessed with physical activity index (2007) and sleep problems with Jenkins’ Sleep Questionnaire in 2007 and 2011. Depressive symptoms were measured using modified Beck Depression Inventory in 2007 and 2012, from which the items reflecting sleep problems were excluded. Mediation analyses, through which the associations between the variables were examined, were adjusted for sex and a set of health-related covariates assessed in 2007 and 2011. Results: Physical activity was associated with decreased levels of sleep problems and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). The association between physical activity and depressive symptoms (b = −0.10, P < 0.01) was partly mediated by sleep problems (proportion mediated = 0.36, P < 0.01). The adjustment for depressive symptoms at baseline attenuated the mediation effect (proportion mediated = 0.30, P > 0.05). Conclusions: Physical activity’s favorable contribution to depressive symptoms was mediated partly by sleep, but the mediation effect disappeared after adjusting for the previous depressive symptoms in adulthood.
Published: 2019

35. Dose-response relation of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity to perceived health in middle age:the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study

Author: Niemelä, M. S. (Maisa S.), Kangas, M. (Maarit), Ahola, R. J. (Riikka J.), Auvinen, J. P. (Juha P.), Leinonen, A.-M. (Anna-Maiju), Tammelin, T. H. (Tuija H.), Vaaramo, E. S. (Eeva S.), Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (Sirkka M.), Korpelainen, R. I. (Raija I.), Jämsä, T. J. (Timo J.), Niemelä, M. S. (Maisa S.), Kangas, M. (Maarit), Ahola, R. J. (Riikka J.), Auvinen, J. P. (Juha P.), Leinonen, A.-M. (Anna-Maiju), Tammelin, T. H. (Tuija H.), Vaaramo, E. S. (Eeva S.), Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (Sirkka M.), Korpelainen, R. I. (Raija I.), and Jämsä, T. J. (Timo J.)
Abstract: Background: Regular physical activity (PA) promotes health and decreases mortality. The positive relationship between PA and perceived health (PH) is well known. However, previous research in the field has often used self-reported PA measures. The aim of this population-based NFBC1966 birth cohort study was to assess the relationship between both self-reported and objectively measured PA and PH in midlife. Methods: A sample group of 6384 participants (2878 men, 3506 women, response rate 62%) aged 46 completed a questionnaire on PH and health behaviors, including items on weekly leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and daily sitting time (ST). PH was dichotomized as good (very good or good) and other (fair, poor, or very poor). PA was measured with a wrist-worn Polar Active (Polar Electro, Finland) accelerometer for 14 days (n = 5481, 98%) and expressed as daily average time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for good PH were calculated using binary logistic regression and adjusted for relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics, and ST. Results: The level of PA was positively associated with PH after adjustments with covariates and ST. There was a dose-response relationship across the PA quartiles according to the adjusted multivariable models. Self-reported LTPA was more strongly associated with good PH (OR from 1.72 to 4.33 compared to lowest PA quartile) than objectively measured PA (OR from 1.37 to 1.66 compared to lowest PA quartile). Conclusions: In this large population-based birth cohort study, we for the first time show a positive dose-response relationship of both self-reported and objectively measured PA to PH, the relationship being stronger for self-reported LTPA. Despite the cross-sectional design of this study, the results from this large sample suggest that both self-reported and objectively measured physical activity are strongly associated with PH, which is
Published: 2019

36. Koulupäivän aikainen liikunta ja oppiminen:tilannekatsaus tammikuu 2018

Author: Kantomaa, M. (Marko), Syväoja, H. (Heidi), Sneck, S. (Sirpa), Jaakkola, T. (Timo), Pyhältö, K. (Kirsi), and Tammelin, T. (Tuija)
Subjects: nuoret, oppiminen, oppimisen mahdollistavat tekijät, liikunta, kognitiivinen toiminta, koulupäivä, fyysinen aktiivisuus, lapset
Abstract: Tiivistelmä Tässä katsauksessa tarkastellaan koulupäivän aikaisen liikunnan vaikutuksia lasten oppimiseen ja koulumenestykseen. Katsauksen pohjana ovat vuosina 1990–2016 tiedelehdissä julkaistut tutkimukset. Koulupäivän aikaisen liikunnan on havaittu vaikuttavan myönteisesti lasten oppimiseen. Tutkimuksissa erityisesti oppitunnin aikainen tauko ja opetukseen integroitu liikunta ovat olleet yhteydessä hyviin oppimistuloksiin. Koulupäivän aikainen liikunta näyttäisi myös vahvistavan lasten tiedollista toimintaa, etenkin toiminnanohjausta, kuten inhibitiota (käyttäytymisen ja reaktioiden säätelyä), tarkkaavaisuutta ja työmuistia. Koulupäivän aikaisella liikunnalla on myös myönteisiä vaikutuksia oppimisen mahdollistaviin tekijöihin, kuten tehtäviin keskittymiseen, käyttäytymiseen ja viihtyvyyteen. Tutkimusten perusteella koulupäivän aikaisen liikunnan ja koulumenestyksen välinen yhteys on vahva, mutta syy-seuraussuhteesta ei ole selkeää näyttöä. Useimmissa tutkimuksissa eihavaittu välituntien yhteyttä koulumenestykseen. Koulumatkojen osalta tutkimustietoa on vähän, ja liikuntatuntien osalta tulokset ovat osin epäjohdonmukaisia. Koulupäivän aikaisen liikunnan vaikutuksista oppimiseen tarvitaankin lisää laadukasta tutkimusta. Erityisesti tarvitaan tutkimuksia, joissa on satunnaisesti valitut koe- ja vertailuryhmät sekä tarpeeksi pitkä interventio- ja seurantajakso liikunnan oppimisvaikutusten selvittämiseksi. Myös toiminnallisen pedagogiikan vaikutuksista oppimiseen tarvitaan lisää tietoa: millainen toiminnallinen oppiminen edistää parhaiten oppimista ja millaista oppimista? Tähänastisen tutkimuksenperusteella näyttää siltä, että liikunnan avulla voidaan tukea strategista oppimista, esimerkiksi ajattelun, motivaation, tunteiden ja käyttäytymisen arvioimista ja säätelyä. Liikunnan anatomiset ja fysiologiset vaikutukset ulottuvat koko kehon lisäksi aivoihin: liikunta lisää aivojen tilavuutta ja aktiivisuutta erityisesti niillä aivoalueilla, joissa muisti ja toiminnanohjaus toimivat. Liikunnan aikaansaamat muutokset aivojen rakenteissa ja toiminnassa luovat lisää mahdollisuuksia oppimiseen. Motoriset ja tiedolliset taidot kehittyvät käsi kädessä, sillä samat keskushermoston mekanismit vastaavat rinnakkain sekä motoristen että tiedollisten taitojen ohjauksesta. Monipuolinen liikunta tukee tätä kokonaisuutta edistämällä neuromotorista kehitystä ja motoristen taitojen oppimista. Motorisen oppimisen tukeminen tulisikin huomioida etenkin tukea tarvitsevien lasten liikunnassa ja oppimisessa. Parhaimmillaan liikunta tarjoaa mahdollisuuksia sosiaaliseen vuorovaikutukseen ja sosiaalisten taitojen oppimiseen. Myönteinen ilmapiiri ja toimivat vertaissuhteet edistävät oppilaiden jaksamista ja koulumenestystä. Koulupäivän aikainen liikunta voi tukea kouluruokailusuositusten toteutumista sekä pidentää yöunen kestoa ja parantaa unen laatua, ja edistää siten oppimista ja koulumenestystä. Lähes kaikki lapset suorittavat oppivelvollisuutensa koulussa ja viettävät siellä suuren osan arkipäiväänsä. Koulu tarjoaakin otolliset mahdollisuudet sisällyttää liikunta osaksi pedagogisia ratkaisuja ja tukea sitä kautta jokaisen lapsen ja nuoren oppimista, taustasta riippumatta.
Published: 2018

37. Motivational characteristics and resistance training in older adults: A randomized controlled trial and 1-year follow-up

Author: Kekäläinen, T., primary, Kokko, K., additional, Tammelin, T., additional, Sipilä, S., additional, and Walker, S., additional
Published: 2018
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38. Does organized sport participation during youth predict healthy habits in adulthood? A 28-year longitudinal study

Author: Palomäki, S., primary, Hirvensalo, M., additional, Smith, K., additional, Raitakari, O., additional, Männistö, S., additional, Hutri-Kähönen, N., additional, and Tammelin, T., additional
Published: 2018
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39. Global Matrix 3.0 physical activity Report Card grades for children and youth: Results and analysis from 49 countries

Author: Aubert, S, Barnes, JD, Abdeta, C, Nader, PA, Adeniyi, AF, Aguilar-Farias, N, Tenesaca, DSA, Bhawra, J, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Cardon, G, Chang, CK, Delisle Nyström, C, Demetriou, Y, Draper, CE, Edwards, L, Emeljanovas, A, Gába, A, Galaviz, KI, González, SA, Herrera-Cuenca, M, Huang, WY, Ibrahim, IAE, Jürimäe, J, Kämppi, K, Katapally, TR, Katewongsa, P, Katzmarzyk, PT, Khan, A, Korcz, A, Kim, YS, Lambert, E, Lee, EY, Löf, M, Loney, T, López-Taylor, J, Liu, Y, Makaza, D, Manyanga, T, Mileva, B, Morrison, SA, Mota, J, Nyawornota, VK, Ocansey, R, Reilly, JJ, Roman-Viñas, B, Silva, DAS, Saonuam, P, Scriven, J, Seghers, J, Schranz, N, Skovgaard, T, Smith, M, Standage, M, Starc, G, Stratton, G, Subedi, N, Takken, T, Tammelin, T, Tanaka, C, Thivel, D, Tladi, D, Tyler, R, Uddin, Riaz, Williams, A, Wong, SHS, Wu, CL, Zembura, P, Tremblay, MS, Aubert, S, Barnes, JD, Abdeta, C, Nader, PA, Adeniyi, AF, Aguilar-Farias, N, Tenesaca, DSA, Bhawra, J, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Cardon, G, Chang, CK, Delisle Nyström, C, Demetriou, Y, Draper, CE, Edwards, L, Emeljanovas, A, Gába, A, Galaviz, KI, González, SA, Herrera-Cuenca, M, Huang, WY, Ibrahim, IAE, Jürimäe, J, Kämppi, K, Katapally, TR, Katewongsa, P, Katzmarzyk, PT, Khan, A, Korcz, A, Kim, YS, Lambert, E, Lee, EY, Löf, M, Loney, T, López-Taylor, J, Liu, Y, Makaza, D, Manyanga, T, Mileva, B, Morrison, SA, Mota, J, Nyawornota, VK, Ocansey, R, Reilly, JJ, Roman-Viñas, B, Silva, DAS, Saonuam, P, Scriven, J, Seghers, J, Schranz, N, Skovgaard, T, Smith, M, Standage, M, Starc, G, Stratton, G, Subedi, N, Takken, T, Tammelin, T, Tanaka, C, Thivel, D, Tladi, D, Tyler, R, Uddin, Riaz, Williams, A, Wong, SHS, Wu, CL, Zembura, P, and Tremblay, MS
Published: 2018

40. Preterm birth and parental and pregnancy related factors in association with physical activity and fitness in adolescence and young adulthood

Author: Kajantie, E. (Eero), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana), Kajantie, E. (Eero), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), and Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana)
Abstract: A low level of physical activity and poor physical fitness are important risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Much of the risk of these diseases originates in fetal life. The associations of early-life determinants with physical activity and fitness later in life are as yet not well studied. The aim of this work was to investigate early-life factors as predictors of physical activity and fitness in adolescence and young adulthood. We assessed a wide range of parental and pregnancy-related factors in 16-year-old adolescent participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n=7,344), and focused on the long-term consequences of preterm birth in the 23-year-old adult participants of the ESTER study (n=1,161). Prenatal and parental predictors of low physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence included high gestational age-related birth weight as well as parental overweight or obesity. Also, both short and long gestational lengths were associated with lower physical activity, and maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and smoking during pregnancy were associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Young adults born before 34 weeks of gestation reported substantially less leisure-time physical activity than those born at term, although this was not detected by accelerometer measurement. Those born preterm had lower muscular fitness, as individuals born before 37 weeks were able to perform fewer modified push-ups, and those born before 34 weeks had lower handgrip strength, but no difference was observed in cardiorespiratory fitness. Based on questionnaire data, young adults born before 34 weeks perceived themselves to be less fit than their term-born peers. Most individuals exposed to preterm birth or maternal gestational disorders are relatively healthy when reaching adulthood. However, their lower levels of physical activity and physical fitness compared with their peers born at term may contribute, Tiivistelmä Vähäinen fyysinen aktiivisuus ja heikko fyysinen kunto ovat merkittäviä kroonisten sairauksien ja ennenaikaisen kuoleman riskitekijöitä. Jo sikiökautisten tekijöiden tiedetään vaikuttavan syntyvän lapsen kroonisten sairauksien riskiin myöhemmin elämässä, mutta elämän varhaisvaiheen tekijöiden yhteyttä myöhempään fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja kuntoon on tutkittu verrattain vähän. Väitöstutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää elämän varhaisvaiheen tekijöiden yhteyttä fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja kuntoon nuoruusiässä ja nuorena aikuisena. Tarkastelimme useiden vanhempiin ja raskausaikaan liittyvien tekijöiden vaikutuksia Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1986 16-vuotistutkimuksessa (n=7344) ja keskityimme ennenaikaisen syntymän pitkäaikaisvaikutuksiin ESTER-tutkimuksen 23-vuotiaiden nuorten aikuisten aineistossa (n=1161). Tutkimustulostemme mukaan raskauden kestoon suhteutettu suuri syntymäpaino sekä vanhempien ylipaino tai lihavuus ennustivat vähäisempää liikunta-aktiivisuutta ja heikompaa kestävyyskuntoa nuoruusiässä. Sekä keskimääräistä lyhyempi että pidempi raskaudenkesto olivat yhteydessä vähäisempään liikunta-aktiivisuuteen ja äidin raskausdiabetes ja tupakointi raskauden aikana puolestaan heikompaan kestävyyskuntoon. Alle 34-viikkoisena syntyneet raportoivat liikkuvansa nuorena aikuisena vapaa-aikanaan huomattavasti vähemmän kuin täysiaikaisena syntyneet, vaikka eroa ei kiihtyvyysantureilla mitattuna fyysisessä aktiivisuudessa havaittukaan. Verrattuna täysiaikaisena syntyneisiin, ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä aikuisilla oli heikompi lihaskunto etunojapunnerrustestillä mitattuna ja hyvin ennenaikaisesti syntyneillä käden puristusvoima oli heikompi. Kestävyyskunnossa ei havaittu eroja. Hyvin ennenaikaisesti syntyneet myös arvioivat fyysisen kuntonsa huonommaksi kuin täysiaikaisena syntyneet ikätoverinsa. Vaikka valtaosa ennenaikaisena syntyneistä ja äidin raskaudenaikaisille sairauksille altistuneista on aikuisena varsin terveitä, liikunnan vähäisyys ja heikko f
Published: 2018

41. Prenatal determinants of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence:Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study

Author: Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), Sipola-Leppänen, M. (Marika), Miettola, S. (Satu), Pouta, A. (Anneli), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), and Kajantie, E. (Eero)
Abstract: Background: Lower levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are key risk factors of chronic adult diseases. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are predicted by birth weight, but the underlying parental and pregnancy-related factors remain largely unknown. We examined how prenatal determinants are associated with physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence. Methods: Of the 16-year-old members of the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986), 6682 singletons with no major physical disability reported their amount of physical activity outside school hours, and 4706 completed a submaximal cycle ergometer test assessing cardiorespiratory fitness. Physical activity was expressed as metabolic equivalent hours per week (METh/week) and cardiorespiratory fitness as peak oxygen uptake (ml·kg−1·min−1). Prenatal determinants included birth weight, length of gestation, mother’s and father’s body mass index (BMI), maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and maternal hypertension and smoking during pregnancy. Data were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results: A higher birth weight and longer length of gestation predicted lower levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness at 16 years, although the association between length of gestation and physical activity was inverse U-shaped. Mother’s or father’s overweight or obesity before pregnancy were associated with lower levels of their offspring’s physical activity and fitness in adolescence. Adjusting for maternal pregnancy disorders and the adolescent’s own BMI attenuated the associations with the mother’s but not the father’s overweight/obesity. Furthermore, maternal GDM predicted lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: A high birth weight and parental overweight/obesity are associated with lower levels of both physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence, while maternal GDM and longer length of gestation are associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness. Both long and short lengths of gestation predict low physical activity.
Published: 2017

42. Physical activity and obesity mediate the association between childhood motor function and adolescents’ academic achievement

Author: Kantomaa, M. T., Stamatakis, E., Kankaanpaa, A., Kaakinen, M., Rodriguez, A., Taanila, A., Ahonen, T., Jarvelin, M.-R., and Tammelin, T.
Published: 2013
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43. Longitudinal physical activity trajectories from childhood to adulthood and their determinants: The Young Finns Study

Author: Rovio, S. P., primary, Yang, X., additional, Kankaanpää, A., additional, Aalto, V., additional, Hirvensalo, M., additional, Telama, R., additional, Pahkala, K., additional, Hutri-Kähönen, N., additional, Viikari, J. S. A., additional, Raitakari, O. T., additional, and Tammelin, T. H., additional
Published: 2017
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44. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic outcomes in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for body mass index

Author: Berntzen, B., primary, Jukarainen, S., additional, Kataja, M., additional, Hakkarainen, A., additional, Lundbom, J., additional, Lundbom, N., additional, Tammelin, T., additional, Simonen, R., additional, Piirilä, P., additional, Rissanen, A., additional, Kaprio, J., additional, Paavonen, E. J., additional, and Pietiläinen, K. H., additional
Published: 2017
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45. Fitness, fatness, physical activity, and autonomic function in midlife

Author: Kiviniemi, A. M. (Antti M.), Perkiömäki, N. (Nelli), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Niemelä, M. (Maisa), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Puukka, K. (Katri), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Tulppo, M. P. (Mikko P.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jämsä, T. (Timo), Huikuri, H. V. (Heikki V.), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Kiviniemi, A. M. (Antti M.), Perkiömäki, N. (Nelli), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Niemelä, M. (Maisa), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Puukka, K. (Katri), Ruokonen, A. (Aimo), Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. (Sirkka), Tulppo, M. P. (Mikko P.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Jämsä, T. (Timo), Huikuri, H. V. (Heikki V.), and Korpelainen, R. (Raija)
Abstract: Purpose: Although low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical inactivity, and obesity are associated with impaired autonomic function, they are also extensively interrelated. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which they contribute to autonomic function independently of each other. Methods: At the age of 46 yr, 1383 men and 1761 women without cardiorespiratory diseases and diabetes underwent assessments of vagally mediated heart rate (HR) variability (root mean square of successive differences in R-R interval (rMMSD)), peak HR during a submaximal step test (CRF), and 60-s HR recovery (HRR). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; ≥3.5 METs, 2 wk) was measured by wrist-worn accelerometer and body fat percentage (Fat%) by bioimpedance Results: In men, CRF and Fat% were significantly associated with higher rMSSD (standardized β = 0.31 and -0.16) and HRR (β = 0.19 and -0.18), whereas higher MVPA was linked with higher HRR (β = 0.13) when including CRF, MVPA, and Fat% in the initial regression. After adjustments for other lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors, CRF remained significantly associated with rMMSD (β = 0.24) and HRR (β = 0.14), as did MVPA with HRR (β = 0.11). In women, CRF was associated with rMSSD (β = 0.23) and HRR (β = 0.15), and MVPA (β = 0.17) and Fat% (β = -0.07) with HRR, when CRF, MVPA, and Fat% were adjusted for each other. After further adjustments, CRF remained a significant determinant of rMSSD (β = 0.20) and HRR (β = 0.13), as did MVPA with HRR (β = 0.15). The final models explained 23% and 21% of variation in rMSSD and HRR in men, and 10% and 12% in women, respectively. Conclusions: CRF was a more important determinant of cardiac autonomic function than MVPA and body fat. Furthermore, MVPA but not body fat was independently associated with cardiac autonomic function in both men and women.
Published: 2017

46. Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults

Author: Graff, M.J. (Maud J.L.), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Justice, A.E. (Anne), Young, K.L. (Kristin L.), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Barata, L. (Llilda), Winkler, T.W. (Thomas W.), Chu, A.Y. (Audrey), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Hadley, D. (David), Xue, L. (Luting), Workalemahu, T. (Tsegaselassie), Heard-Costa, N.L. (Nancy), Hoed, M. (Marcel) den, Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Qi, Q., Ngwa, J.S., Renström, F. (Frida), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Eicher, J.D. (John D.), Hayes, J.E. (James E.), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lim, E. (Elise), Luan, J. (Jian'An), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Zhao, W. (Wei), Griffin, P.J. (Paula J.), Haller, T. (Toomas), Ahmad, S. (Shafqat), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Bien, S. (Stephanie), Yengo, L. (Loic), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Kumari, M. (Meena), Harder, M.N. (Marie Neergaard), Justesen, J.M. (Johanne M.), Kleber, M.E. (Marcus), Hollensted, M. (Mette), Lohman, K. (Kurt), Rivera, N.V. (Natalia), Whitfield, J.B. (John B.), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Stringham, H.M. (Heather), Lyytikäinen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Huppertz, C. (Charlotte), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Peyrot, W.J. (Wouter ), Wu, Y. (Ying), Kristiansson, K. (Kati), Demirkan, A. (Ayşe), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Hassinen, M. (Maija), Bielak, L.F. (Lawrence F.), Cadby, G. (Gemma), Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Jackson, A.U. (Anne), Bragg-Gresham, J.L. (Jennifer L.), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Navarro, P. (Pau), Bellis, C. (Claire), Pasko, D. (Dorota), Johansson, Å. (Åsa), Snitker, S. (Soren), Cheng, Y.-C. (Yu-Ching), Eriksson, J. (Joel), Lim, U. (Unhee), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Adair, L.S. (Linda), Amin, N. (Najaf), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Beilby, J.P. (John), Bergman, R.N. (Richard N.), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Bertoni, A.G. (Alain G.), Blangero, J. (John), Bonnefond, A. (Amélie), Bonnycastle, L.L. (Lori), Borja, J.B. (Judith), Brage, S. (Soren), Busonero, F., Buyske, S. (Steven), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chines, P.S. (Peter), Collins, F.S. (Francis), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Delgado, G., Dueker, N. (Nicole), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Ebeling, T. (Tapani), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Fu, M. (Mao), Færch, K. (Kristine), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gläser, S., Gong, J. (Jian), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Penny), Grallert, H. (Harald), Grammer, T.B. (Tanja B), Grarup, N. (Niels), Grootheest, G. (Gerard) van, Harald, K. (Kennet), Hastie, N. (Nick), Havulinna, A.S. (Aki), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Hindorff, L.A. (Lucia A), Hocking, L.J. (Lynne), Holmens, O.L. (Oddgeir L.), Holzapfel, C. (Christina), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huang, J. (Jian), Huang, T. (Tao), Hui, J. (Jennie), Huth, C. (Cornelia), Hutri-Kähönen, N. (Nina), James, A. (Alan), Jansson, J.-O. (John-Olov), Jhun, M.A. (Min A.), Juonala, M. (Markus), Kinnunen, L. (Leena), Koistinen, H. (Heikki), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Komulainen, P. (Pirjo), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Kvaløy, K. (Kirsti), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Lindgren, C.M. (Cecilia M.), Lorentzon, M. (Mattias), Luben, R.N. (Robert), Marre, M. (Michel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Monda, K.L. (Keri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Moor, M.H.M. de, Mulas, A. (Antonella), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Musk, A.W., Männikkö, R. (Reija), Männistö, S. (Satu), Narisu, N. (Narisu), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nettleton, J.A. (Jennifer ), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja M.), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Olden, M. (Matthias), Ong, K.K. (Ken K.), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Perez, J. (Jeremiah), Perola, M. (Markus), Peters, A. (Annette), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Peyser, P.A. (Patricia A.), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Puolijoki, H. (Hannu), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Rankinen, T. (Tuomo), Rasmussen-Torvik, L.J. (Laura J.), Rawal, R. (Rajesh), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Rose, L.M. (Lynda), Rudan, I. (Igor), Sarti, C. (Cinzia), Sarzynski, M.A. (Mark A.), Savonen, K. (Kai), Scott, W.R. (William R.), Sanna, S. (Serena), Shuldiner, A.R. (Alan), Sidney, S. (Steve), Silbernagel, G. (Günther), Smith, B.H., Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Snieder, H. (Harold), Stancáková, A. (Alena), Sternfeld, B. (Barbara), Swift, A.J. (Amy), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Tan, S.-T. (Sian-Tsung), Thorand, B. (Barbara), Thuillier, D. (Dorothee), Vandenput, L. (Liesbeth), Vestergaard, H. (Henrik), Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V. (Jana) van, Vohl, M.-C. (Marie-Claude), Völker, U. (Uwe), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Walker, M. (Mark), Wild, S. (Sarah), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Zillikens, M.C. (Carola), Zubair, N. (Niha), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), LeMarchand, L. (Loic), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Ohlsson, C. (Claes), Hofman, A. (Albert), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Perusse, L. (Louis), Wilson, J.F. (James), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Cucca, F. (Francesco), Hveem, K. (Kristian), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina A.), Tönjes, A. (Anke), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Palmer, L.J. (Lyle J.), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon L. R.), Rauramaa, R. (Rainer), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Laakso, M. (Markku), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Kuh, D. (Diana), Liu, Y. (YongMei), Linneberg, A. (Allan), März, W. (Winfried), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Kivimaki, M. (Mika), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Völzke, H. (Henry), Qi, L. (Lu), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Chambers, J.C. (John), Kooner, J.S. (Jaspal S.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Kooperberg, C. (Charles), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Hallmans, G. (Göran), Hansen, T. (T.), Pedersen, O. (Oluf), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Weir, D.R. (David), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo R.), Barroso, I.E. (Inês), McCarthy, M.I. (Mark I.), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), O’Connell, J.R. (Jeffrey R.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Boehnke, M. (Michael), Heid, I.M. (Iris), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Strachan, D.P. (David), Fox, C.S. (Caroline), Liu, C.-T. (Ching-Ti), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Klein, R.J. (Robert J.), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Franks, P.W. (Paul), North, K.E. (Kari), Cupples, L.A. (Adrienne), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Kilpeläinen, T.O. (Tuomas), Graff, M.J. (Maud J.L.), Scott, R.A. (Robert), Justice, A.E. (Anne), Young, K.L. (Kristin L.), Feitosa, M.F. (Mary Furlan), Barata, L. (Llilda), Winkler, T.W. (Thomas W.), Chu, A.Y. (Audrey), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Hadley, D. (David), Xue, L. (Luting), Workalemahu, T. (Tsegaselassie), Heard-Costa, N.L. (Nancy), Hoed, M. (Marcel) den, Ahluwalia, T.S. (Tarunveer Singh), Qi, Q., Ngwa, J.S., Renström, F. (Frida), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Eicher, J.D. (John D.), Hayes, J.E. (James E.), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lim, E. (Elise), Luan, J. (Jian'An), Huffman, J.E. (Jennifer), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Zhao, W. (Wei), Griffin, P.J. (Paula J.), Haller, T. (Toomas), Ahmad, S. (Shafqat), Marques-Vidal, P. (Pedro), Bien, S. (Stephanie), Yengo, L. (Loic), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Smith, A.V. (Albert Vernon), Kumari, M. (Meena), Harder, M.N. (Marie Neergaard), Justesen, J.M. (Johanne M.), Kleber, M.E. (Marcus), Hollensted, M. (Mette), Lohman, K. (Kurt), Rivera, N.V. (Natalia), Whitfield, J.B. (John B.), Zhao, J.H. (Jing Hua), Stringham, H.M. (Heather), Lyytikäinen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Huppertz, C. (Charlotte), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Peyrot, W.J. (Wouter ), Wu, Y. (Ying), Kristiansson, K. (Kati), Demirkan, A. (Ayşe), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Hassinen, M. (Maija), Bielak, L.F. (Lawrence F.), Cadby, G. (Gemma), Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Mägi, R. (Reedik), Most, P.J. (Peter) van der, Jackson, A.U. (Anne), Bragg-Gresham, J.L. (Jennifer L.), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Navarro, P. (Pau), Bellis, C. (Claire), Pasko, D. (Dorota), Johansson, Å. (Åsa), Snitker, S. (Soren), Cheng, Y.-C. (Yu-Ching), Eriksson, J. (Joel), Lim, U. (Unhee), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Adair, L.S. (Linda), Amin, N. (Najaf), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Beilby, J.P. (John), Bergman, R.N. (Richard N.), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Bertoni, A.G. (Alain G.), Blangero, J. (John), Bonnefond, A. (Amélie), Bonnycastle, L.L. (Lori), Borja, J.B. (Judith), Brage, S. (Soren), Busonero, F., Buyske, S. (Steven), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chines, P.S. (Peter), Collins, F.S. (Francis), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Smith, G.D. (George Davey), Delgado, G., Dueker, N. (Nicole), Dörr, M. (Marcus), Ebeling, T. (Tapani), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Faul, J.D. (Jessica D.), Fu, M. (Mao), Færch, K. (Kristine), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gläser, S., Gong, J. (Jian), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Penny), Grallert, H. (Harald), Grammer, T.B. (Tanja B), Grarup, N. (Niels), Grootheest, G. (Gerard) van, Harald, K. (Kennet), Hastie, N. (Nick), Havulinna, A.S. (Aki), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Hindorff, L.A. (Lucia A), Hocking, L.J. (Lynne), Holmens, O.L. (Oddgeir L.), Holzapfel, C. (Christina), Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Huang, J. (Jian), Huang, T. (Tao), Hui, J. (Jennie), Huth, C. (Cornelia), Hutri-Kähönen, N. (Nina), James, A. (Alan), Jansson, J.-O. (John-Olov), Jhun, M.A. (Min A.), Juonala, M. (Markus), Kinnunen, L. (Leena), Koistinen, H. (Heikki), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Komulainen, P. (Pirjo), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Kvaløy, K. (Kirsti), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Lindgren, C.M. (Cecilia M.), Lorentzon, M. (Mattias), Luben, R.N. (Robert), Marre, M. (Michel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Monda, K.L. (Keri), Montgomery, G.W. (Grant W.), Moor, M.H.M. de, Mulas, A. (Antonella), Müller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Musk, A.W., Männikkö, R. (Reija), Männistö, S. (Satu), Narisu, N. (Narisu), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nettleton, J.A. (Jennifer ), Nolte, I.M. (Ilja M.), Oldehinkel, A.J. (Albertine), Olden, M. (Matthias), Ong, K.K. (Ken K.), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Perez, J. (Jeremiah), Perola, M. (Markus), Peters, A. (Annette), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Peyser, P.A. (Patricia A.), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Puolijoki, H. (Hannu), Raitakari, O.T. (Olli T.), Rankinen, T. (Tuomo), Rasmussen-Torvik, L.J. (Laura J.), Rawal, R. (Rajesh), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Rose, L.M. (Lynda), Rudan, I. (Igor), Sarti, C. (Cinzia), Sarzynski, M.A. (Mark A.), Savonen, K. (Kai), Scott, W.R. (William R.), Sanna, S. (Serena), Shuldiner, A.R. (Alan), Sidney, S. (Steve), Silbernagel, G. (Günther), Smith, B.H., Smith, J.A. (Jennifer A), Snieder, H. (Harold), Stancáková, A. (Alena), Sternfeld, B. (Barbara), Swift, A.J. (Amy), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Tan, S.-T. (Sian-Tsung), Thorand, B. (Barbara), Thuillier, D. (Dorothee), Vandenput, L. (Liesbeth), Vestergaard, H. (Henrik), Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J.V. (Jana) van, Vohl, M.-C. (Marie-Claude), Völker, U. (Uwe), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Walker, M. (Mark), Wild, S. (Sarah), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Zillikens, M.C. (Carola), Zubair, N. (Niha), Haiman, C.A. (Christopher), LeMarchand, L. (Loic), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Ohlsson, C. (Claes), Hofman, A. (Albert), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Perusse, L. (Louis), Wilson, J.F. (James), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Cucca, F. (Francesco), Hveem, K. (Kristian), Hartman, C.A. (Catharina A.), Tönjes, A. (Anke), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Palmer, L.J. (Lyle J.), Kardia, S.L.R. (Sharon L. R.), Rauramaa, R. (Rainer), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Penninx, B.W.J.H. (Brenda), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Laakso, M. (Markku), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Martin, N.G. (Nicholas), Kuh, D. (Diana), Liu, Y. (YongMei), Linneberg, A. (Allan), März, W. (Winfried), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Kivimaki, M. (Mika), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Völzke, H. (Henry), Qi, L. (Lu), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Chambers, J.C. (John), Kooner, J.S. (Jaspal S.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Kooperberg, C. (Charles), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Hallmans, G. (Göran), Hansen, T. (T.), Pedersen, O. (Oluf), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Weir, D.R. (David), Porteous, D.J. (David J.), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Abecasis, G.R. (Gonçalo R.), Barroso, I.E. (Inês), McCarthy, M.I. (Mark I.), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), O’Connell, J.R. (Jeffrey R.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Boehnke, M. (Michael), Heid, I.M. (Iris), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Strachan, D.P. (David), Fox, C.S. (Caroline), Liu, C.-T. (Ching-Ti), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Klein, R.J. (Robert J.), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Borecki, I.B. (Ingrid), Franks, P.W. (Paul), North, K.E. (Kari), Cupples, L.A. (Adrienne), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), and Kilpeläinen, T.O. (Tuomas)
Abstract: Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the FTO gene, of which the effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.
Published: 2017
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47. Leisure time physical activity in young adults born preterm

Author: Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana), Kaseva, N. (Nina), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Sipola-Leppänen, M. (Marika), Matinolli, H.-M. (Hanna-Maria), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), Kajantie, E. (Eero), Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana), Kaseva, N. (Nina), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Sipola-Leppänen, M. (Marika), Matinolli, H.-M. (Hanna-Maria), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), and Kajantie, E. (Eero)
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the amount of self-reported physical activity in young adults born prematurely compared with those born at term. Study design: Unimpaired participants of the Preterm Birth Study (Preterm Birth and Early Life Programming of Adult Health and Disease) birth cohort study were studied at age 23.3 ± 1.2 (SD) years: 118 born early preterm (<34 weeks), 210 late preterm (34—36 weeks), and 311 born at term (≥37 weeks, controls). The participants completed a validated 30—item, 12—month physical activity questionnaire. The annual frequency and total volume of conditioning and nonconditioning leisure time physical activity and commuting physical activity were calculated and the data analyzed by means of linear regression. Results: Adults born early preterm reported a 31.5% (95% CI, 17.4—43.2) lower volume of leisure time physical activity (in metabolic equivalents [MET] h/year) and had a 2.0—fold increased OR (1.2—3.3) of being in the least active quintile than controls. Lower amounts of conditioning, nonconditioning, and commuting physical activity all contributed to the difference. In addition, early preterm participants undertook less vigorous physical activity (≥6 MET). No differences in physical activity were found between the late preterm and control groups. Adjustments for potential early life confounders and current mediating health characteristics did not change the results. Conclusions: Young adults born early preterm engage less in leisure time physical activities than peers born at term. This finding may in part underlie the increased risk factors of cardiometabolic and other noncommunicable diseases in adults born preterm. Low physical activity is a risk factor for several noncommunicable diseases and amenable to prevention.
Published: 2017

48. High-impact exercise in adulthood and vertebral dimensions in midlife:the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study

Author: Oura, P. (Petteri), Paananen, M. (Markus), Niinimäki, J. (Jaakko), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Karppinen, J. (Jaro), Junno, J.-A. (Juho-Antti), Oura, P. (Petteri), Paananen, M. (Markus), Niinimäki, J. (Jaakko), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Korpelainen, R. (Raija), Karppinen, J. (Jaro), and Junno, J.-A. (Juho-Antti)
Abstract: Background: Vertebral size and especially cross-sectional area (CSA) are independently associated with vertebral fracture risk. Previous studies have suggested that physical activity and especially high-impact exercise may affect vertebral strength. We aimed to investigate the association between high-impact exercise at 31 and 46 years of age and vertebral dimensions in midlife. Methods: We used a subsample of 1023 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study with records of self-reported sports participation from 31 and 46 years and MRI-derived data on vertebral dimensions from 46 years. Based on the sports participation data, we constructed three impact categories (high, mixed, low) that represented longitudinal high-impact exercise activity in adulthood. We used linear regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to analyse the association between high-impact exercise and vertebral CSA, with adjustments for vertebral height and body mass index. Results: Participation in high-impact sports was associated with large vertebral CSA among women but not men. The women in the ‘mixed’ group had 36.8 (95% confidence interval 11.2–62.5) mm² larger CSA and the women in the ‘high’ group 43.2 (15.2–71.1) mm² larger CSA than the ‘low’ group. Conclusions: We suggest that participation (≥ 1/week) in one or more high-impact sports in adulthood is associated with larger vertebral size, and thus increased vertebral strength, among middle-aged women.
Published: 2017

49. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in young adults born preterm:the ESTER study

Author: Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Kaseva, N. (Nina), Sipola-Leppänen, M. (Marika), Matinolli, H.-M. (Hanna-Maria), Hakonen, H. (Harto), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), Kajantie, E. (Eero), Tikanmäki, M. (Marjaana), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Kaseva, N. (Nina), Sipola-Leppänen, M. (Marika), Matinolli, H.-M. (Hanna-Maria), Hakonen, H. (Harto), Ekelund, U. (Ulf), Eriksson, J. G. (Johan G.), Järvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Vääräsmäki, M. (Marja), and Kajantie, E. (Eero)
Abstract: Background: Young adults born preterm have higher levels of cardio metabolic risk factors and they report less physical activity than their peers born at term. Physical activity provides important cardio metabolic health benefits. We hypothesized that objectively measured physical activity levels are lower and time spent sedentary is higher among preterm-born individuals compared with controls. Methods: We studied unimpaired participants of the ESTER birth cohort study at age 23.3 y (SD: 1.2): 60 born early preterm (<34 wk), 108 late preterm (34–36 wk), and 178 at term (controls). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph). Results: As compared with controls’ (mean physical activity, 303 counts per minute (cpm; SD 129)), physical activity was similar among adults born early preterm (mean difference = 21 cpm, 95% CI −61, 19) or late preterm (5 cpm, −27, 38). Time spent sedentary was also similar. Adjustments for early life confounders or current mediating characteristics did not change the results. Conclusion: In contrast to our hypothesis, we found no difference in objectively measured physical activity or time spent sedentary between adults born preterm and at term. The previously reported differences may be limited to physical activity captured by self-report.
Published: 2017

50. Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity:a meta-analysis of 200,452 adults

Author: Graff, M. (Mariaelisa), Scott, R. A. (Robert A.), Justice, A. E. (Anne E.), Young, K. L. (Kristin L.), Feitosa, M. F. (Mary F.), Barata, L. (Llilda), Winkler, T. W. (Thomas W.), Chu, A. Y. (Audrey Y.), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Hadley, D. (David), Xue, L. (Luting), Workalemahu, T. (Tsegaselassie), Heard-Costa, N. L. (Nancy L.), den Hoed, M. (Marcel), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Qi, Q. (Qibin), Ngwa, J. S. (Julius S.), Renstrom, F. (Frida), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Eicher, J. D. (John D.), Hayes, J. E. (James E.), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltan), Lim, E. (Elise), Luan, J. (Jian'an), Huffman, J. E. (Jennifer E.), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Zhao, W. (Wei), Griffin, P. J. (Paula J.), Haller, T. (Toomas), Ahmad, S. (Shafqat), Marques-Vidal, P. M. (Pedro M.), Bien, S. (Stephanie), Yengo, L. (Loic), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Smith, A. V. (Albert Vernon), Kumari, M. (Meena), Harder, M. N. (Marie Neergaard), Justesen, J. M. (Johanne Marie), Kleber, M. E. (Marcus E.), Hollensted, M. (Mette), Lohman, K. (Kurt), Rivera, N. V. (Natalia V.), Whitfield, J. B. (John B.), Zhao, J. H. (Jing Hua), Stringham, H. M. (Heather M.), Lyytikainen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Huppertz, C. (Charlotte), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Peyrot, W. J. (Wouter J.), Wu, Y. (Ying), Kristiansson, K. (Kati), Demirkan, A. (Ayse), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Hassinen, M. (Maija), Bielak, L. F. (Lawrence F.), Cadby, G. (Gemma), Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Magl, R. (Reedlk), Van der Most, P. J. (Peter J.), Jackson, A. U. (Anne U.), Bragg-Gresham, J. L. (Jennifer L.), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Navarro, P. (Pau), Bellis, C. (Claire), Pasko, D. (Dorota), Johansson, A. (Asa), Snitker, S. (Soren), Cheng, Y.-C. (Yu-Ching), Eriksson, J. (Joel), Lim, U. (Unhee), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Adair, L. S. (Linda S.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Beilby, J. (John), Bergman, R. N. (Richard N.), Bergmann, S. (Sven), Bertoni, A. G. (Alain G.), Blangero, J. (John), Bonnefond, A. (Amelle), Bonnycastle, L. L. (Lori L.), Borja, J. B. (Judith B.), Brage, S. (Soren), Busonero, F. (Fabio), Buyske, S. (Steve), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chines, P. S. (Peter S.), Collins, F. S. (Francis S.), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Smith, G. D. (George Davey), Delgado, G. E. (Graciela E.), Dueker, N. (Nicole), Doerr, M. (Marcus), Ebeling, T. (Tapani), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Esko, T. (Tonu), Faul, J. D. (Jessica D.), Fu, M. (Mao), Faerch, K. (Kristine), Gieger, C. (Christian), Glaeser, S. (Sven), Gong, J. (Jian), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Penny), Grallert, H. (Harald), Grammer, T. B. (Tanja B.), Grarup, N. (Niels), van Grootheest, G. (Gerard), Harald, K. (Kennet), Hastie, N. D. (Nicholas D.), Havulinna, A. S. (Aki S.), Hernandez, D. (Dena), Hindorff, L. (Lucia), Hocking, L. J. (Lynne J.), Holmens, O. L. (Oddgeir L.), Holzapfel, C. (Christina), Hottenga, J. J. (Jouke Jan), Huang, J. (Jie), Huang, T. (Tao), Hui, J. (Jennie), Huth, C. (Cornelia), Hutri-Kahonen, N. (Nina), James, A. L. (Alan L.), Jansson, J.-O. (John-Olov), Jhun, M. A. (Min A.), Juonala, M. (Markus), Kinnunen, L. (Leena), Koistinen, H. A. (Heikki A.), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Komulainen, P. (Pirjo), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Kvaloy, K. (Kirsti), Kahonen, M. (Mika), Lakka, T. A. (Timo A.), Launer, L. J. (Lenore J.), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Lindgren, C. M. (Cecilia M.), Lorentzon, M. (Mattias), Luben, R. (Robert), Marre, M. (Michel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Monda, K. L. (Keri L.), Montgomery, G. W. (Grant W.), De Moor, M. H. (Marleen H. M.), Mulas, A. (Antonella), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Musk, A. W. (A. W.), Mannikko, R. (Reija), Mannisto, S. (Satu), Narisu, N. (Narisu), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nettleton, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Nolte, I. M. (Ilja M.), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Albertine J.), Olden, M. (Matthias), Ong, K. K. (Ken K.), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Perez, J. (Jeremiah), Perola, M. (Markus), Peters, A. (Annette), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Peyser, P. A. (Patricia A.), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Puolijoki, H. (Hannu), Raitakari, O. T. (Olli T.), Rankinen, T. (Tuomo), Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. (Laura J.), Rawal, R. (Rajesh), Ridker, P. M. (Paul M.), Rose, L. M. (Lynda M.), Rudan, I. (Igor), Sarti, C. (Cinzia), Sarzynski, M. A. (Mark A.), Savonen, K. (Kai), Scott, W. R. (William R.), Sanna, S. (Serena), Shuldiner, A. R. (Alan R.), Sidney, S. (Steve), Silbernagel, G. (Guenther), Smith, B. H. (Blair H.), Smith, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Snieder, H. (Harold), Stancakova, A. (Alena), Sternfeld, B. (Barbara), Swift, A. J. (Amy J.), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Tan, S.-T. (Sian-Tsung), Thorand, B. (Barbara), Thuillier, D. (Dorothee), Vandenput, L. (Liesbeth), Vestergaard, H. (Henrik), van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V. (Jana V.), Vohl, M.-C. (Marie-Claude), Voelker, U. (Uwe), Waeber, G. (Gerard), Walker, M. (Mark), Wild, S. (Sarah), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wright, A. F. (Alan F.), Zillikens, M. C. (M. Carola), Zubair, N. (Niha), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Lemarchand, L. (Loic), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Ohlsson, C. (Claes), Hofman, A. (Albert), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Uitterlinden, A. G. (Andre G.), Perusse, L. (Louis), Wilson, J. F. (James F.), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Cucca, F. (Francesco), Hveem, K. (Kristian), Hartman, C. A. (Catharina A.), Toenjes, A. (Anke), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Palmer, L. J. (Lyle J.), Kardia, S. L. (Sharon L. R.), Rauramaa, R. (Rainer), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Penninx, B. W. (Brenda W. J. H.), de Geus, E. J. (Eco J. C.), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret I.), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Laakso, M. (Markku), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Martin, N. G. (Nicholas G.), Kuh, D. (Diana), Liu, Y. (Yongmei), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Maerz, W. (Winfried), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Kivimaki, M. (Mika), Harris, T. B. (Tamara B.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Voelzke, H. (Henry), Qi, L. (Lu), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Chambers, J. C. (John C.), Kooner, J. S. (Jaspal S.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Kooperberg, C. (Charles), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Hallmans, G. (Goran), Hansen, T. (Torben), Pedersen, O. (Oluf), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wareham, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Weir, D. R. (David R.), Porteous, D. J. (David J.), Boerwinkle, E. (Eric), Chasman, D. I. (Daniel I.), Abecasis, G. R. (Goncalo R.), Barroso, I. (Ines), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Frayling, T. M. (Timothy M.), O'Connell, J. R. (Jeffrey R.), van Duijn, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Heid, I. M. (Iris M.), Mohlke, K. L. (Karen L.), Strachan, D. P. (David P.), Fox, C. S. (Caroline S.), Liu, C.-T. (Ching-Ti), Hirschhorn, J. N. (Joel N.), Klein, R. J. (Robert J.), Johnson, A. D. (Andrew D.), Borecki, I. B. (Ingrid B.), Franks, P. W. (Paul W.), North, K. E. (Kari E.), Cupples, L. A. (L. Adrienne), Loos, R. J. (Ruth J. F.), Kilpelainen, T. O. (Tuomas O.), Graff, M. (Mariaelisa), Scott, R. A. (Robert A.), Justice, A. E. (Anne E.), Young, K. L. (Kristin L.), Feitosa, M. F. (Mary F.), Barata, L. (Llilda), Winkler, T. W. (Thomas W.), Chu, A. Y. (Audrey Y.), Mahajan, A. (Anubha), Hadley, D. (David), Xue, L. (Luting), Workalemahu, T. (Tsegaselassie), Heard-Costa, N. L. (Nancy L.), den Hoed, M. (Marcel), Ahluwalia, T. S. (Tarunveer S.), Qi, Q. (Qibin), Ngwa, J. S. (Julius S.), Renstrom, F. (Frida), Quaye, L. (Lydia), Eicher, J. D. (John D.), Hayes, J. E. (James E.), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltan), Lim, E. (Elise), Luan, J. (Jian'an), Huffman, J. E. (Jennifer E.), Zhang, W. (Weihua), Zhao, W. (Wei), Griffin, P. J. (Paula J.), Haller, T. (Toomas), Ahmad, S. (Shafqat), Marques-Vidal, P. M. (Pedro M.), Bien, S. (Stephanie), Yengo, L. (Loic), Teumer, A. (Alexander), Smith, A. V. (Albert Vernon), Kumari, M. (Meena), Harder, M. N. (Marie Neergaard), Justesen, J. M. (Johanne Marie), Kleber, M. E. (Marcus E.), Hollensted, M. (Mette), Lohman, K. (Kurt), Rivera, N. V. (Natalia V.), Whitfield, J. B. (John B.), Zhao, J. H. (Jing Hua), Stringham, H. M. (Heather M.), Lyytikainen, L.-P. (Leo-Pekka), Huppertz, C. (Charlotte), Willemsen, G. (Gonneke), Peyrot, W. J. (Wouter J.), Wu, Y. (Ying), Kristiansson, K. (Kati), Demirkan, A. (Ayse), Fornage, M. (Myriam), Hassinen, M. (Maija), Bielak, L. F. (Lawrence F.), Cadby, G. (Gemma), Tanaka, T. (Toshiko), Magl, R. (Reedlk), Van der Most, P. J. (Peter J.), Jackson, A. U. (Anne U.), Bragg-Gresham, J. L. (Jennifer L.), Vitart, V. (Veronique), Marten, J. (Jonathan), Navarro, P. (Pau), Bellis, C. (Claire), Pasko, D. (Dorota), Johansson, A. (Asa), Snitker, S. (Soren), Cheng, Y.-C. (Yu-Ching), Eriksson, J. (Joel), Lim, U. (Unhee), Aadahl, M. (Mette), Adair, L. S. (Linda S.), Amin, N. (Najaf), Balkau, B. (Beverley), Auvinen, J. (Juha), Beilby, J. (John), Bergman, R. N. (Richard N.), Bergmann, S. (Sven), Bertoni, A. G. (Alain G.), Blangero, J. (John), Bonnefond, A. (Amelle), Bonnycastle, L. L. (Lori L.), Borja, J. B. (Judith B.), Brage, S. (Soren), Busonero, F. (Fabio), Buyske, S. (Steve), Campbell, H. (Harry), Chines, P. S. (Peter S.), Collins, F. S. (Francis S.), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Smith, G. D. (George Davey), Delgado, G. E. (Graciela E.), Dueker, N. (Nicole), Doerr, M. (Marcus), Ebeling, T. (Tapani), Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Esko, T. (Tonu), Faul, J. D. (Jessica D.), Fu, M. (Mao), Faerch, K. (Kristine), Gieger, C. (Christian), Glaeser, S. (Sven), Gong, J. (Jian), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Penny), Grallert, H. (Harald), Grammer, T. B. (Tanja B.), Grarup, N. (Niels), van Grootheest, G. (Gerard), Harald, K. (Kennet), Hastie, N. D. (Nicholas D.), Havulinna, A. S. (Aki S.), Hernandez, D. (Dena), Hindorff, L. (Lucia), Hocking, L. J. (Lynne J.), Holmens, O. L. (Oddgeir L.), Holzapfel, C. (Christina), Hottenga, J. J. (Jouke Jan), Huang, J. (Jie), Huang, T. (Tao), Hui, J. (Jennie), Huth, C. (Cornelia), Hutri-Kahonen, N. (Nina), James, A. L. (Alan L.), Jansson, J.-O. (John-Olov), Jhun, M. A. (Min A.), Juonala, M. (Markus), Kinnunen, L. (Leena), Koistinen, H. A. (Heikki A.), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Komulainen, P. (Pirjo), Kuusisto, J. (Johanna), Kvaloy, K. (Kirsti), Kahonen, M. (Mika), Lakka, T. A. (Timo A.), Launer, L. J. (Lenore J.), Lehne, B. (Benjamin), Lindgren, C. M. (Cecilia M.), Lorentzon, M. (Mattias), Luben, R. (Robert), Marre, M. (Michel), Milaneschi, Y. (Yuri), Monda, K. L. (Keri L.), Montgomery, G. W. (Grant W.), De Moor, M. H. (Marleen H. M.), Mulas, A. (Antonella), Mueller-Nurasyid, M. (Martina), Musk, A. W. (A. W.), Mannikko, R. (Reija), Mannisto, S. (Satu), Narisu, N. (Narisu), Nauck, M. (Matthias), Nettleton, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Nolte, I. M. (Ilja M.), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Albertine J.), Olden, M. (Matthias), Ong, K. K. (Ken K.), Padmanabhan, S. (Sandosh), Paternoster, L. (Lavinia), Perez, J. (Jeremiah), Perola, M. (Markus), Peters, A. (Annette), Peters, U. (Ulrike), Peyser, P. A. (Patricia A.), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Puolijoki, H. (Hannu), Raitakari, O. T. (Olli T.), Rankinen, T. (Tuomo), Rasmussen-Torvik, L. J. (Laura J.), Rawal, R. (Rajesh), Ridker, P. M. (Paul M.), Rose, L. M. (Lynda M.), Rudan, I. (Igor), Sarti, C. (Cinzia), Sarzynski, M. A. (Mark A.), Savonen, K. (Kai), Scott, W. R. (William R.), Sanna, S. (Serena), Shuldiner, A. R. (Alan R.), Sidney, S. (Steve), Silbernagel, G. (Guenther), Smith, B. H. (Blair H.), Smith, J. A. (Jennifer A.), Snieder, H. (Harold), Stancakova, A. (Alena), Sternfeld, B. (Barbara), Swift, A. J. (Amy J.), Tammelin, T. (Tuija), Tan, S.-T. (Sian-Tsung), Thorand, B. (Barbara), Thuillier, D. (Dorothee), Vandenput, L. (Liesbeth), Vestergaard, H. (Henrik), van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, J. V. (Jana V.), Vohl, M.-C. (Marie-Claude), Voelker, U. (Uwe), Waeber, G. (Gerard), Walker, M. (Mark), Wild, S. (Sarah), Wong, A. (Andrew), Wright, A. F. (Alan F.), Zillikens, M. C. (M. Carola), Zubair, N. (Niha), Haiman, C. A. (Christopher A.), Lemarchand, L. (Loic), Gyllensten, U. (Ulf), Ohlsson, C. (Claes), Hofman, A. (Albert), Rivadeneira, F. (Fernando), Uitterlinden, A. G. (Andre G.), Perusse, L. (Louis), Wilson, J. F. (James F.), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Cucca, F. (Francesco), Hveem, K. (Kristian), Hartman, C. A. (Catharina A.), Toenjes, A. (Anke), Bandinelli, S. (Stefania), Palmer, L. J. (Lyle J.), Kardia, S. L. (Sharon L. R.), Rauramaa, R. (Rainer), Sorensen, T. I. (Thorkild I. A.), Tuomilehto, J. (Jaakko), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Penninx, B. W. (Brenda W. J. H.), de Geus, E. J. (Eco J. C.), Boomsma, D. I. (Dorret I.), Lehtimaki, T. (Terho), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Laakso, M. (Markku), Bouchard, C. (Claude), Martin, N. G. (Nicholas G.), Kuh, D. (Diana), Liu, Y. (Yongmei), Linneberg, A. (Allan), Maerz, W. (Winfried), Strauch, K. (Konstantin), Kivimaki, M. (Mika), Harris, T. B. (Tamara B.), Gudnason, V. (Vilmundur), Voelzke, H. (Henry), Qi, L. (Lu), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Chambers, J. C. (John C.), Kooner, J. S. (Jaspal S.), Froguel, P. (Philippe), Kooperberg, C. (Charles), Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Hallmans, G. (Goran), Hansen, T. (Torben), Pedersen, O. (Oluf), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Wareham, N. J. (Nicholas J.), Langenberg, C. (Claudia), Weir, D. R. (David R.), Porteous, D. J. (David J.), Boerwinkle, E. (Eric), Chasman, D. I. (Daniel I.), Abecasis, G. R. (Goncalo R.), Barroso, I. (Ines), McCarthy, M. I. (Mark I.), Frayling, T. M. (Timothy M.), O'Connell, J. R. (Jeffrey R.), van Duijn, C. M. (Cornelia M.), Boehnke, M. (Michael), Heid, I. M. (Iris M.), Mohlke, K. L. (Karen L.), Strachan, D. P. (David P.), Fox, C. S. (Caroline S.), Liu, C.-T. (Ching-Ti), Hirschhorn, J. N. (Joel N.), Klein, R. J. (Robert J.), Johnson, A. D. (Andrew D.), Borecki, I. B. (Ingrid B.), Franks, P. W. (Paul W.), North, K. E. (Kari E.), Cupples, L. A. (L. Adrienne), Loos, R. J. (Ruth J. F.), and Kilpelainen, T. O. (Tuomas O.)
Abstract: Physical activity (PA) may modify the genetic effects that give rise to increased risk of obesity. To identify adiposity loci whose effects are modified by PA, we performed genome-wide interaction meta-analyses of BMI and BMI-adjusted waist circumference and waist-hip ratio from up to 200,452 adults of European (n = 180,423) or other ancestry (n = 20,029). We standardized PA by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable where, on average, 23% of participants were categorized as inactive and 77% as physically active. While we replicate the interaction with PA for the strongest known obesity-risk locus in the FTO gene, of which the effect is attenuated by ~30% in physically active individuals compared to inactive individuals, we do not identify additional loci that are sensitive to PA. In additional genome-wide meta-analyses adjusting for PA and interaction with PA, we identify 11 novel adiposity loci, suggesting that accounting for PA or other environmental factors that contribute to variation in adiposity may facilitate gene discovery.
Published: 2017

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