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Purpose: Studies involving small ease series have suggested that malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (MFH-B) is a chemosensitive tumor and that chemotherapy may improve survival, In this study, we evaluated clinical and pathologic response rates and survival in a series of patients treated with a consistent chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin and cisplatin (DOX/DDP), Patients and Methods: Study patients were required to have biopsy-proven MFH-B, no previous chemotherapy, and primary or metastatic measurable disease and to be less than or equal to 65 years of age, Treatment consisted of doxorubicin 25 mg/m(2)/d days 1 through 3 and cisplatin 100 mg/m(2) by 4-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks for six cycles. In patients with operable primary tumors, chemotherapy was planned to start within 42 days of biopsy, with definitive surgery performed after three cycles. Results: Forty-one patients herd operable nonmetastatic limb sarcomas, and 23 (56%) completed six chemotherapy cycles. Limb salvage was possible in 33 patients (80%), and 16 (42%) of 38 assessable specimens showed a good pathologic response (greater than or equal to 90% necrosis), Median time to progression was 56 months, and the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 56% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40% to 72%). Median survival time war 63 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 59% (95% CI, 41% to 77%). Patients with a good pathologic response had longer survival times and times to progression than did those with a poor response. Also treated were two patients with locally recurrent and nine with metastatic disease, and these patients had a median survival time of 17.5 months. Conclusion: Our study suggests that adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with DOX/DDP is beneficial in MFH-B, Good pathologic response rates and survivors are quite comparable with those far osteosarcoma, a related bone tumor for which adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an accepted practice. (C) 1999 by American Soci