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Background This study delves into the intricate interplay among paradoxical leadership (PL), employees’ proactive work behaviour (PAB), and perceived psychological contract fulfilment (PPCF). PL, characterized by its simultaneous emphasis on apparently contradictory behaviours, has garnered attention due to its potential to foster innovation, adaptability, and creativity. The study’s main objective is to thoroughly explore the complexities of PL, its influence on PAB, and whether the PPCF serves as a mediator. Methods A survey was distributed to 338 hotel and travel agency employees to gather data. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling through a SmartPLS program. Results The results reveal a positive correlation between PL and PAB. Additionally, PPCF partially mediates this relationship, indicating its vital role in exploring the positive impact of PL on boosting proactive behaviours. Conclusions This research brings forth meaningful contributions to both theoretical and practical dimensions. Theoretically, it enhances our comprehension of how PL manifests in the distinctive landscape of the hospitality and tourism domain, substantiating its potential to drive proactive behaviours among employees. The mediation of PPCF enriches our grasp of the underlying mechanisms, accentuating the significance of maintaining harmonized and consistent leadership practices. From a practical vantage point, these findings offer valuable insights for hospitality and tourism establishments aspiring to optimize their leadership strategies for cultivating proactive work behaviour among their workforces.

Recently, nanomaterials including alumina have been extensively involved in aquaculture for many purposes resulting in potential hazards in fish. However, its effect on the developing metabolic organs and lipid metabolism remains unclear. This study, investigated the effects of aluminium nanoparticles (AL-NPs) on the metabolic organs of the growing zebrafish larvae including intestine, liver, and pancreas in addition to the potential ameliorative role of rosmarinic acid (RA) against AL-NPs - induced toxicity. Briefly, fertilized zebrafish eggs were divided into 4 groups. The 1st group was kept as a control. The 2nd group was exposed to RA (0.5 mg/L). The 3rd group was exposed to AL-NPs (160 mg/L). The 4th group received both RA and AL-NPs at the same concentrations from 1st day post fertilization (dpf) till the 14th dpf. Here, AL-NPs exposed group showed the highest mortality rate, external morphology defects and gastrointestinal malformations after larval-to-juvenile transition. Interestingly, mixing RA to AL-NPs significantly reduced these effects. Additionally, AL-NPs induced intestinal epithelium defects at the histological and genetic levels and abnormal lipid retention via up-regulation of the lipogenesis-related genes and down-regulation of the hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation. However, addition of RA to AL-NPs could reverse these effects. AL-NPs also induce inflammatory response and mediated endoplasmic reticulum ER and cellular oxidative stress indicated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis which were then be reduced by RA. Collectively, AL-NPs were highly correlated with the induction of steatohepatitis and lipogenesis after the larval-to-juvenile transition and this could be relief in the presence of RA suggesting it as a promising nutrient for fish.

The present research amid to investigate the toxic effect of diazinon (DZN) and assess the modulatory role of chitosan nanoparticle (ChNP), orange peel extract (OPE), spirulina platensis (SP) and curcumin nanoparticles (CNP) as feed additives in O. niloticus fish. A total of 900 fish were divided into six equal groups, each with 3 replicates by random distribution. The 1st group was kept as the control group which was fed a basal diet. The 2nd group (DZN) was given a basic diet and exposed to 1/10th of the 96-hour LC50 of DZN. The 3rd group (DZN+ChNP) was exposed to DZN (0.28 mg/L) + 1 gm ChNP/kg diet. The 4th group (DZN+OPE) was exposed to DZN (0.28 mg/L) + 2 gm OPE/kg diet. The 5th group (DZN+SP) was exposed to DZN (0.28 mg/L) + 5 gm SP/kg diet, while, the 6th group (DZN+SP) was exposed to DZN (0.28 mg/L) + 150 mg CNP/kg diet. Apart from feed conversion, DZN decreased fish's growth performance parameters as compared to the control, while these values were modulated with ChNP, SP or CNP supplement to fish with DZN exposure. Fish exposed to DZN had the lowest values Hb, RBCs WBCs, total protein, albumin and globulin and the highest values of ALT, AST and uric acid while dietary supplementation with ChNP, OPE, SP and CNP to DZN exposed fish restored their levels to the control values. Fish group fed diet supplemented with DZN+OPE or DZN+ChNP recorded the lowest value of ALT among all studied groups. DZN altered the lipid profile of exposed fish while the DZN+SP group had the best values of all lipid profile among all groups followed by DZN+CNP group. Fish exposed to DZN had lower serum lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin (M, A and G) levels and antioxidant parameters (SOD, GSH, CAT and TAC) while dietary supplementation of ChNP or OPE to DZN exposed fish had higher values for these traits but still under control values. The highest level of lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in DZN group while dietary supplementation of ChNP or OPE to DZN exposed fish decreased the MDA level. According to the genetic distance and dendrogram for the analysis of genetic diversity between treatments, compared to control; it is clear that the highest genetic diversity was found with DZN group samples (4.80) while dietary treatments with ChNP, OPE or SP to DZN exposed fish showed the lowest diversity of (3.00, 3.32 and 3.87), respectively. It could be concluded that long-term exposure to a sub-lethal DZN dose resulted in growth retardation, haemato-biochemical alteration, immune depression, oxidative stress and genetic material damage of Nile tilapia. Furthermore, the antioxidant and protective properties of ChNP, OPE, SP, and CNP induced nearly total protection in fish exposed to DZN through diet.

SUMMARY: This study evaluated the effects of pumpkin oil (PKO), a novel feed additive, on growth, carcass, digestive enzymes, blood metabolites, and cecal bacterial load in broiler chickens. 250 one-wk-old chicks were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups. Group 1(control) was fed the basal diet (BD). Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed the basal diet (BD) with 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 ml of PKO/kg diet, respectively. According to GC-MS analysis, pumpkin oil contains Anthracene, Pyrene, Anethole, Estragole, Oleic Acid, Eugenol, 1-Dodecanamine, N, N-dimethyl- and Hexadecanoic acid, etc. The broilers fed the PKO-supplemented diet had better growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed the control diet, with no effect on feed intake (P > 0.05). The highest body weight gain (P < 0.05) was obtained with 1 and 2 ml of PKO/kg diet compared to 0.5 and 1.5 ml/kg. The best FCR (P < 0.05) was achieved with 1 ml of PKO/kg diet compared to other treatments. Ileal lipase, amylase, and protease levels were increased significantly while the reverse was observed for plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, urea, and uric acid (P < 0.05) by PKO-supplemented diets. PKO supplementation did not, however, alter the percentage of giblets, internal organs, dressing, or carcass (P > 0.05). When compared to control birds, broilers' plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher and those of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower at every tested level of PKO (P < 0.05). Similarly, all PKO levels increased Lactobacilli and decreased the caecal counts of Salmonella, coliforms, and E. coli (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased while the malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased in broilers fed PKO-supplemented diet vs control birds. PKO enhanced immune response parameters including total protein, globulin, IgA, IgG, and C3 (P < 0.05) dose dependently. It was concluded that adding PKO in the broilers’ diet positively affected growth performance, induced hypolipidemic effect, enhanced immunity, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is characterized by poor performance and higher mortality rates in poultry farms. Novel dietary intervention involving bioactive molecules loaded into smart magnetized nano-system with a potent antioxidant function (quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs), was evaluated for their impact on growth performance, intestinal immune and antioxidant defenses, and resistance against Clostridium perfringens in a necrotic enteritis challenge model. Four experimental groups comprising a total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed different diets: a control basal diet, a diet supplemented with quercetin (300 mg/kg), a diet with Fe3O4-NPs (60 mg/kg), and a diet with quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs (300 mg/kg). These groups were then challenged with C. perfringens during the grower period. Dietary inclusion of quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs prominently reduced C. perfringens colonization and its associated virulence genes expression, which subsequently restored the impaired growth performance and intestinal histopathological changes in challenged broilers. Quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs supplemented group displayed higher Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts, upregulation of intestinal host defense antimicrobial peptides related genes (avian β-defensin 6 and 12) and downregulation of intestinal inflammatory regulated genes (Interleukin-1 beta, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, chemokine C–C motif ligand 20, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloox-ygenase-2). Intestinal redox balance was boosted via upregulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and heme Oxygenase 1 genes along with simultaneous decrease in hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents in groups fed quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs. Overall, new nutritional intervention with quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs impacted better immune and antioxidant defenses, attenuated C. perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and contributed to better performance in the challenged birds.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of dietary butyric acid (BA) on the Japanese quail' performance, immunology, lipid profile, cecal microbiota, and antioxidant levels. 250 unsexed, one-week-old quail chicks were divided into 5 groups, each with fifty chicks (5 replicates of 10 chicks). The first group was given the basal diet (BD), while the 2nd to 5th groups were fed BD with 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg BA/kg, respectively. The results indicated that BA improved weight gain and FCR (p < 0.05) and decreased total FI. The 200 mg BA/kg of diet showed the lowest FI (p < 0.05) and the best FCR (p > 0.05). BA boosted immunity through increasing IgA, IgM, IgG, and Complement 3. Significantly lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were observed at 150 and 200 mg BA/kg (P < 0.05) than the control group. The BA-supplemented quail showed lower total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) than the control one. This effect was more pronounced for 100 and 200 mg of BA/kg. However, high low-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not differ from the control group (p > 0.05). BA at ≥100 mg/kg diet reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and induced greater levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), globulin, total protein, digestive enzymes than the control group (P < 0.05). BA decreased cecal E. coli, Salmonella, Enterococcus, and Coliforms and increased Lactic acid bacteria (p < 0.05) compared to non-supplemented group. Collectively, the inclusion of 100 mg BA/kg diet is ideal for Japanese quail production and health.

AIM: To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) parameters, using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici (CSO) machine, in an Egyptian population sample. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, analytic study, in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included. Both upper lids were examined, using “Sirius CSO” machine. Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss (MGL), which was calculated by the software of the machine. RESULTS: Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%, and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%. Thirty-four volunteers (32.7%) had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid, and 67.3% had second-degree loss. One volunteer (1%) had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid, 28 (26.9%) had first-degree loss, and 75 (72.1%) had second-degree loss. Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age, but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age. There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye (P=0.036) and in left eye (P=0.027). CONCLUSION: Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL. MGL is diagnosed in 100% of apparently normal individuals; 26.9%-32.7% of which have first-degree MGL, and 67.3%-72.1% have second-degree MGL.

Background This study delves into the intricate interplay among paradoxical leadership (PL), employees’ proactive work behaviour (EPWB), and perceived psychological contract fulfilment (PPCF). PL, characterized by its simultaneous emphasis on apparently contradictory behaviours, has garnered attention due to its potential to foster innovation, adaptability, and creativity. The study’s main objective is to thoroughly explore the complexities of PL, its influence on EPWB, and whether the PPCF serves as a mediator. Methods A survey was distributed to 338 hotel and travel agency employees to gather data. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling through a SmartPLS program. Results The results reveal a positive correlation between PL and EPWB. Additionally, PPCF partially mediates this relationship, indicating its vital role in exploring the positive impact of PL on boosting proactive behaviours. Conclusions This research brings forth meaningful contributions to both theoretical and practical dimensions. Theoretically, it enhances our comprehension of how PL manifests in the distinctive landscape of the hospitality and tourism domain, substantiating its potential to drive proactive behaviours among employees. The mediation of PPCF enriches our grasp of the underlying mechanisms, accentuating the significance of maintaining harmonized and consistent leadership practices. From a practical vantage point, these findings offer valuable insights for hospitality and tourism establishments aspiring to optimize their leadership strategies for cultivating proactive work behaviour among their workforces.

AIM: To study and compare the predisposing factors and clinical features of pediatric, adult, and elderly rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: This is an observational analytic cross-sectional study in which patients with RRD admitted for surgery during 6mo period were divided into 3 age groups: pediatric (60y). Patients' demographic data, clinical features, RRD predisposing factors/features including myopia (axial length ≥26.5 mm), aphakia/pseudophakia, blunt trauma, peripheral retinal degenerations, history of RRD in the fellow eye, and surgical interventions/findings were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 142 patients (142 eyes) were studied: 26 (18.31%) pediatrics, 86 (60.56%) adults, and 30 (21.13%) elderly. Elderly patients had a significantly higher intraocular pressures and cataracts compared to the other 2 groups (P=0.04). The RRD extent was larger in pediatric group (mostly 4 quadrants) compared to adults and elderly (mostly 2 quadrants), but it was not statistically insignificant (P=0.242). There were not statistically significantly differences in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) rate, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) rate, number, site, shape, and size of breaks in three groups. All three groups had macular detachment in all eyes. Myopia and peripheral retinal degenerations were found to be more significant in adults (P=0.049, P=0.035, respectively), while blunt trauma was higher but insignificant in pediatric eyes (P=0.052). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil as a tamponade was the most used surgery in all groups. CONCLUSION: There are no significant difference in PVR rate in pediatric eyes but a significant higher rate of total RRD. Blunt trauma is more frequent in pediatrics eyes while myopia and/or peripheral retinal degenerations are more frequent in older ages. The rate of PPV as a choice for surgery is similar among all age groups.

In the evolving landscape of logistics, drone technology presents a solution to the challenges posed by traditional ground-based deliveries, such as traffic congestion and unforeseen road closures. This research addresses the Truck–Drone Delivery Problem (TDDP), wherein a truck collaborates with a drone, acting as a mobile charging and storage unit. Although the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) can represent the TDDP, it becomes computationally burdensome when nodes are dynamically altered. Motivated by this limitation, our study’s primary objective is to devise a model that ensures swift execution without compromising the solution quality. We introduce two meta-heuristics: the Strawberry Plant, which refines the initial truck schedule, and Genetic Algorithms, which optimize the combined truck–drone schedule. Using “Dataset 1” and comparing with the Multi-Start Tabu Search (MSTS) algorithm, our model targeted costs to remain within 10% of the optimum and aimed for a 73% reduction in the execution time. Of the 45 evaluations, 37 met these cost parameters, with our model surpassing MSTS in eight scenarios. In contrast, using “Dataset 2” against the CPLEX solver, our model optimally addressed all 810 experiments, while CPLEX managed only 90 within the prescribed time. For 20-customer scenarios and more, CPLEX encountered memory limitations. Notably, when both methods achieved optimal outcomes, our model’s computational efficiency exceeded CPLEX by a significant margin. As the customer count increased, so did computational challenges, indicating the importance of refining our model’s strategies. Overall, these findings underscore our model’s superiority over established solvers like CPLEX and the economic advantages of drone-assisted delivery systems.

Multiple studies have provided evidence that the hospitality and tourism sector is experiencing a growing reliance on information and communication technology (ICT). Consequently, employees in this industry are facing an escalating expectation to stay connected and address work-related communication even outside their regular working hours. Little is known about how using ICTs during off-job can raise employee unfairness perceptions and job overload and how managers can control this. The primary focus of the current study is to examine the association between work-related ICT use after hours and employees' perceived injustice and the mediating role of work-role overload and the moderating role of psychological detachment in this relationship within the hospitality and tourism industry. By convenient sampling method, 400 employee responses were collected. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the ''Partial least squares (PLS)'' technique, employing SmartPLS-4 software. The empirical findings demonstrate a positive association between work-related ICT use after hours and employees' perceived injustice (EPI) and work role overload (WRO). Similarly, the mediating role of work-role overload and the moderating role of psychological detachment were supported. The study concludes by providing theoretical and practical implications and discusses how these findings can be applied within the tourism and hospitality industry.

Abstract The use of metal phosphides, particularly aluminum phosphide, poses a significant threat to human safety and results in high mortality rates. This study aimed to determine mortality patterns and predictive factors for acute zinc and aluminum phosphide poisoning cases that were admitted to Menoufia University Poison and Dependence Control Center from 2017 to 2021. Statistical analysis revealed that poisoning was more common among females (59.7%), aged between 10 and 20 years, and from rural regions. Most cases were students, and most poisonings were the result of suicidal intentions (78.6%). A new hybrid model named Bayesian Optimization-Relevance Vector Machine (BO-RVM) was proposed to forecast fatal poisoning. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 97%, with high positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) values of 100% and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity was 89.3%, while the specificity was 100%. The F1 score was 94.3%, indicating a good balance between precision and recall. These results suggest that the model performs well in identifying both positive and negative cases. Additionally, the BO-RVM model has a fast and accurate processing time of 379.9595 s, making it a promising tool for various applications. The study underscores the need for public health policies to restrict the availability and use of phosphides in Egypt and adopt effective treatment methods for phosphide-poisoned patients. Clinical suspicion, positive silver nitrate test for phosphine, and analysis of cholinesterase levels are useful in diagnosing metal phosphide poisoning, which can cause various symptoms.

Grass pea is a promising crop with the potential to provide food and fodder, but its genomics has not been adequately explored. Identifying genes for desirable traits, such as drought tolerance and disease resistance, is critical for improving the plant. Grass pea currently lacks known R-genes, including the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) gene family, which plays a key role in protecting the plant from biotic and abiotic stresses. In our study, we used the recently published grass pea genome and available transcriptomic data to identify 274 NBS-LRR genes. The evolutionary relationships between the classified genes on the reported plants and LsNBS revealed that 124 genes have TNL domains, while 150 genes have CNL domains. All genes contained exons, ranging from 1 to 7. Ten conserved motifs with lengths ranging from 16 to 30 amino acids were identified. We found TIR-domain-containing genes in 132 LsNBSs, with 63 TIR-1 and 69 TIR-2, and RX-CCLike in 84 LsNBSs. We also identified several popular motifs, including P-loop, Uup, kinase-GTPase, ABC, ChvD, CDC6, Rnase_H, Smc, CDC48, and SpoVK. According to the gene enrichment analysis, the identified genes undergo several biological processes such as plant defense, innate immunity, hydrolase activity, and DNA binding. In the upstream regions, 103 transcription factors were identified that govern the transcription of nearby genes affecting the plant excretion of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene, and abscisic acid. According to RNA-Seq expression analysis, 85% of the encoded genes have high expression levels. Nine LsNBS genes were selected for qPCR under salt stress conditions. The majority of the genes showed upregulation at 50 and 200 μM NaCl. However, LsNBS-D18, LsNBS-D204, and LsNBS-D180 showed reduced or drastic downregulation compared to their respective expression levels, providing further insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. They provide valuable insights into the potential functions of LsNBSs under salt stress conditions. Our findings also shed light on the evolution and classification of NBS-LRR genes in legumes, highlighting the potential of grass pea. Further research could focus on the functional analysis of these genes, and their potential use in breeding programs to improve the salinity, drought, and disease resistance of this important crop.

Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between anemia and depression and whether the treatment of anemia modifies the effect of the association between anemia and depression. Methods This secondary data analysis is based on data from the Enquête sur la santé des aînés (ESA)‐Services study conducted in 2011–2013 on community‐dwelling older adults recruited in primary care and have given access to their medico‐administrative data (n = 1447). The presence of anemia was self‐reported, as was depression (major and minor) aligned with symptoms of the DSM‐5. Treated anemia was based on the presence of medications delivered to participants. Cross‐sectional associations were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, controlling for confounders. Results The prevalence of self‐reported anemia in our sample was estimated at 6.7%. Self‐reported anemia was associated with increased odds of depression. Individuals with untreated anemia had a 2.6‐fold increased odds of depression compared to those with no anemia. In contrast, the odds of depression in individuals with treated anemia were not different from individuals with no anemia. Conclusion The findings underline the importance of treating anemia in older adults. Future longitudinal studies are needed to replicate the findings and further explore the role of treating anemia on symptoms of depression.

Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is characterized by poor performance and higher mortality rates in poultry farms. Novel dietary intervention involving bioactive molecules loaded into smart magnetized nano-system with a potent antioxidant function (quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs), was evaluated for their impact on growth performance, intestinal immune and antioxidant defenses, and resistance against Clostridium perfringens in a necrotic enteritis challenge model. Four experimental groups comprising a total of 200 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were fed different diets: a control basal diet, a diet supplemented with quercetin (300 mg/kg), a diet with Fe3O4-NPs (60 mg/kg), and a diet with quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs (300 mg/kg). These groups were then challenged with C. perfringens during the grower period. Dietary inclusion of quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs prominently reduced C. perfringens colonization and its associated virulence genes expression, which subsequently restored the impaired growth performance and intestinal histopathological changes in challenged broilers. Quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs supplemented group displayed higher Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts, upregulation of intestinal host defense antimicrobial peptides related genes (avian β -defensin 6 and 12) and downregulation of intestinal inflammatory regulated genes (Interleukin-1 beta, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, tumor necrosis factor- α , chemokine C–C motif ligand 20, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloox-ygenase-2). Intestinal redox balance was boosted via upregulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and heme Oxygenase 1 genes along with simultaneous decrease in hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents in groups fed quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs. Overall, new nutritional intervention with quercetin-loaded Fe3O4-NPs impacted better immune and antioxidant defenses, attenuated C. perfringens induced necrotic enteritis and contributed to better performance in the challenged birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global corporations face a significant challenge in addressing the lack of green innovation. Thus, this study develops a conceptual model to unveil the role of leader competencies in "smart technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, algorithms" (STARA) in promoting employees' green innovative behaviors. The study strives to analyze the mediating effect of green crafting behavior on the impact of leader STARA competencies on green innovative behavior. Additionally, the study tests the moderating roles of STARA awareness and employee promotion focus on the relationship between leader STARA competencies and green crafting behavior. Data were collected from 319 employees to test the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling. Findings reveal that leader STARA competencies drive employee green innovative behavior through green crafting behavior. Furthermore, STARA awareness and employee promotion focus moderate the influence of leader STARA competencies on green crafting behavior. Our research develops practical implications to improve leaders' STARA competencies, which could impact employees' green innovative behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatological diseases can severely impair mobility and workability, with hip fusion being a significant complication. Bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) is often the last resort for these patients, yet its role in treating bilateral fused hips has been minimally explored in the literature. Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of bilateral THA in patients from a low-income setting with bilateral hip fusion. Patients and Methods: This retrospective case series involved 16 patients with bilateral fused hips and some degree of mobility. Exclusion criteria included active infection or debilitating diseases. All patients underwent weight-bearing Xrays and subsequent bilateral THA using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI). Outcomes assessed included the Harris Hip Score (HHS), range of motion (ROM), pain in the hips, knees, and lower back, and leg length discrepancy. Results: The study included 16 patients (seven females), with an average age of 39.0 years (SD = 15.9). The most common causes of fused hips were rheumatoid arthritis and avascular necrosis (25% each). Significant improvements were observed postoperatively in HHS, ROM, hip and knee pain, lower back pain, hip deformity, and leg length discrepancy (p<0.05). Two patients experienced minor postoperative complications, which resolved. Conclusion: Bilateral THA is a viable option for bilateral fused hips regardless of the etiology, sex, or age of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several optimization problems can be abstracted into many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs). The key to solving MaOPs is designing an effective algorithm to balance the exploration and exploitation issues. This paper proposes a novel many-objective African vulture optimization algorithm (MaAVOA) that simulating the African vultures' foraging and navigation behaviours to solve the MaOPs. MaAVOA is an updated version of the African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), which was recently proposed to solve the MaOPs. A new social leader vulture for the selection process is introduced and integrated into the proposed model. In addition, an environmental selection mechanism based on the alternative pool is adapted to improve the selection process to maintain diversity for approximating different parts of the whole Pareto Front (PF). The best-nondominated solutions are saved in an external Archive based on the Fitness Assignment Method (FAM) during the population evolution. FAM is based on a convergence measure that promotes convergence and a density measure that promotes variety. Also, a Reproduction of Archive Solutions (RAS) procedure is developed to improve the quality of archiving solutions. RAS has been designed to help reach out to the missing areas of the PF that the vultures easily miss. Two experiments are conducted to verify and validate the suggested MaAVOA's performance efficacy. First, MaAVOA was applied to the DTLZ functions, and its performance was compared to that of several popular many-objective algorithms and according to the results, MaAVOA outperforms the competitor algorithms in terms of inverted generational distance and hypervolume performance measures and has a beneficial adaptation ability in terms of both convergence and diversity performance measures. Also, statistical tests are implemented to demonstrate the suggested algorithm's statistical relevance. Second, MaAVOA has been applied to solve two real-life constrained engineering MaOPs applications, namely, the series-parallel system and overspeed protection for gas turbine problems. The experiments show that the suggested algorithm can tackle many-objective real-world applications and provide promising choices for decision-makers.