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Two new species of Vaccinium from the Philippines are described and illustrated from historical herbarium collections. Vaccinium burburan from Luzon Island, Northern Philippines is morphologically similar to V. tenuipes, but is distinguished by having shorter petioles, pedicels and corolla, adaxially pubescent leaf blades with cordate base, apically pubescent corollas, and pubescent filaments throughout. It is only one of two species of Vaccinium in the Philippines known to have a cordate leaf blade base. Vaccinium burburan is considered critically endangered. Vaccinium jubatum from Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines, is morphologically similar to V. sylvaticum, but is distinguished by having a dentate leaf blade margin, shorter inflorescences and pedicels, a glabrous calyx, and shorter filaments. The dentate leaf blade margin of V. jubatum uniquely distinguishes it from other Philippine Vaccinium species. The conservation status of V. jubatum is considered data deficient. These discoveries further increase the current number of known Vaccinium species in the Philippines to 40.

Vaccinium carmesinum is described as a new species of Ericaceae from Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines. It is similar to V. platyphyllum Merrill and V. luzoniense S.Vidal but is distinct from the former by longer and wider leaves, longer racemes, longer bracts, glabrous corollas, and glabrescent fruits, and from the latter by longer petioles, leaf glands distributed along the blade margin, glabrous rachis, and lanate filaments. Vaccinium carmesinum bears the widest leaves among Philippine Vaccinium. Its discovery increases the number of Vaccinium species recognized in the Philippines to 37.

Ardisia kalimbahin is herein described and illustrated as a new species. It is the latest addition to the richness of Ardisia in the Philippines. It closely resembles A. romanii Elmer but is distinct in having shorter petiole, shorter elliptic leaves, racemose inflorescence, longer and sparsely puberulent pedicels, magenta corolla lobes, basifixed anthers, shorter filaments, and a beaked stigma. Based on current collection and available herbarium specimens, Ardisia kalimbahin is distributed in the islands of Palawan (Aborlan), Mindoro, and Luzon (Carranglan). Available data is not enough to assess its conservation status; hence, it is proposed as data deficient (DD).

Vaccinium jubatum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 3–4). Type: — PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Municipality of Impasug-ong, Sitio Intavas, Mt. Kitanglad, 18 July 1991, PPI [Philippine Plant Inventory] 3256 (holotype BRIT BRIT26945!, isotype L L3786394!). Paratypes: — PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Mt. Kitanglad (southern slope), 2200 m elevation, 16 March 1949, Sulit 3390 (A 00016194!, L L0008222!). Diagnosis:— Vaccinium jubatum resembles V. sylvaticum Elmer (1911: 1095) but differs by having dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), shorter inflorescences (2–5 cm vs. 5–8 cm), shorter pedicels (3.0–5.0 mm vs. ca. 7.5 mm), a glabrous calyx (vs. puberulent), and shorter filaments (2.5–2.8 mm vs. ca. 3.5 mm). Description:—Habit shrub or vine, epiphytic, evergreen, multi-branched. Branchlets brown, terete, 2–5 mm wide, glabrous, lenticellate; perennating buds broadly triangular, 1.5–2.0 mm long; bud scales overlapping, margins ciliolate. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, glossy and dark green adaxially, light green abaxially, slightly overlapping, internodes 5–10 mm long; petiole dark brown, in cross-section rounded abaxially and flattened adaxially, 3.0–7.0 × 1.5–3.0 mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic, with larger blades on each branchlet 4.0–7.5 × 1.2–2.0 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces glabrous, brown, abaxially with scattered minute punctae; midvein strongly raised abaxially, slightly raised adaxially, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially and adaxially raised, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cuneate, margin dentate, non-revolute, teeth tipped by a prominent gland, 8 to 12 per side, scattered along length of margin but more concentrated toward apex, 0.5–0.8 mm wide, apex acuminate. Inflorescences pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 2–5 cm long at anthesis, densely 10- to 14-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark brown, slightly ridged, terete, glabrous; bracts early caducous. Pedicel nodding, 3–5 × 0.4–0.5 mm at anthesis, terete, spreading, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or 2 globose glands near base; ebracteolate. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 2.5–6.0 mm long. Hypanthium dark brown, 1.2–1.4 × 1.2–1.5 mm, glabrous; calyx limb 0.9–1.1 mm long, glabrous; calyx lobes 5 or 6, crescent-shaped, 0.7–0.8 mm long, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate, rounded, with a sessile terminal gland. Corolla ampullaceous, white in upper 1/3 portion, pink at base, 4–5 × 1.3–2.2 mm, both sides glabrous; corolla lobes 5 or 6, 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens 8–10, monomorphic, 3.5–4.0 mm long; filaments light brown, straight, bulged at base, 2.5–2.8 mm long, white-lanate especially toward base, trichomes 0.2–0.4 mm long; anthers 1.0– 1.2 mm long, cells 0.7–0.8 mm long, minutely echinulate, tubules parallel, broadly cylindrical, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.3–0.4 mm long, pore apex rounded or truncate, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12- locular with false partitions extending ca. 0.5 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk annular, slightly bulky, ca. 0.7 mm × ca. 1.5 mm, glabrous, margin obscurely ridged. Style brown, not exserted from corolla, 4–6 mm long, glabrous. Fruit dark brown, globose, smooth, non-ridged, 4–5 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, slightly recurved; fruiting pedicels ca. 5 mm long. Distribution and Habitat: —This new species is endemic to Mindanao Island, Southern Philippines. It occurs on the northeastern and southern slopes of Mt. Kitanglad Range. Paratypes of V. jubatum were collected near the vicinity of the summit at 2200 m elevation. Etymology: —The specific epithet “ jubatum ” is derived from the Latin word “jubatus” meaning “crested.” This is in reference to the dentate leaf margin of the new species that is tipped by a prominent gland. Phenology: —Flowering in March and July. Proposed Conservation Status: — Vaccinium jubatum is currently only known from its type locality. We know of no other collections of this species. Although Mt. Kitanglad Range is a protected area, the lack of population data precludes assessment with IUCN guidelines. Thus, we recommend a Data Deficient (DD) status for this species (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). Discussion: — Vaccinium jubatum is a member of Vaccinium sect. Bracteata Nakai in Nakai and Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (1966 –1967) as per its multi-flowered racemose inflorescences, (minute) caducous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the corolla, and anthers that open by short terminal pores or introrse slits (Sleumer 1966 –1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In the artificial key to Philippine Vaccinium (Copeland 1930) and the key to the Malesian Vaccinium (Sleumer 1966 –1967), V. jubatum keys to V. sylvaticum, a species endemic to Mindanao Island. It is distinguished from this species by having longer petioles (3–7 mm vs. ca. 5 mm), shorter corollas (4–5 mm vs. ca. 8 mm), shorter anthers (1.0– 1.2 mm vs. ca. 1.5 mm), and a shorter style (4–6 mm vs. ca. 8 mm) (Elmer 1911; Sleumer 1966 –1967). In the key to Bornean Vaccinium (Argent 2019), V. jubatum keys to V. phillyreoides Sleumer (1940: 163). However, the new species is distinct from V. phillyreoides by having glabrous branchlets (vs. puberulent), larger leaf blades (4.0–7.5 × 1.2–2.0 cm vs. 2.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.0 cm) with dentate leaf margins (vs. entire), glabrous inflorescences (vs. pubescent), shorter pedicels (3–5 mm vs. 5–7 mm), shorter corollas (4–5 mm vs. 8–9 mm), shorter stamens (3.5–4.0 mm vs. 6.0–7.0 mm), and a glabrous disk (vs. densely pubescent). Moreover, the dentate leaf margins with large and raised marginal glands are unique to V. jubatum among the species of Philippine Vaccinium. The specimens Sulit 3390 (A 00016194!; L L0008222!) were annotated as Vaccinium sulitii P.F.Stevens, a name that apparently was never published. These specimens clearly belong to V. jubatum as exhibited by the dentate leaf blade margins. The reason that this name was not published might be because the specimens are merely in flower bud, thus making it difficult to dissect and examine the flower characters within the corolla.

Vaccinium burburan M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2). Type:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon Island, Ifugao Province, Municipality of Banaue, Mt. Semegar, along the ridge, 1704 m elevation, 28 March 1994, PPI [Philippine Plant Inventory] 12790 (holotype BRIT BRIT26917!, isotype L L3786386!). Paratypes:— PHILIPPINES. Luzon Island, Mountain Province, Mt. Polis, 2042 m elevation, March 1948, Celestino 7974 (L L2625604!, A02006792!); Luzon Island, Ifugao and Bontoc Provinces, May 1923, Zschokke & Laraya 29412 (UC UC 237454!); Luzon Island, Banaue, Ifugao, 16 May 1967, Mendoza 97474 (L L2625603!). Diagnosis:— Vaccinium burburan resembles V. tenuipes Merrill (1908: 375), but differs by having shorter petioles (1.0–2.0 mm vs. 2.0–3.0 mm), pubescent adaxial leaf surface (vs. glabrous), a cordate leaf blade base (vs. rounded), shorter pedicels (5.0–6.0 mm vs. 10–20 mm), shorter corollas (5.0–6.0 mm vs. ca. 10 mm) with exterior apical pubescence (vs. glabrous), and pubescent filaments throughout (vs. pubescent only at base). Description:—Habit shrub or vine, epiphytic, evergreen, multi-branched. Branchlets brown, lanate when young, sparsely pubescent at maturity, with a combination of simple and stipitate-glandular trichomes, 0.3–3.0 mm long, rounded in cross section, 1.5–5.0 mm wide, lenticellate; perennating buds triangular, obtuse, 1.0– 1.3 mm long; bud scales non-overlapping, hirsute. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, condensed, overlapping, internodes 2–10 mm long; petiole brown, in cross section abaxially and adaxially rounded, 1.0–2.0 × 0.8–1.0 mm, pubescent; leaf blade elliptic to cordate, with larger blades on each branchlet 2.2–4.0 × 2.0– 2.5 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces reddish when young turning dull green abaxially and dark green adaxially, without punctae, pubescent on both surfaces, partially glabrescent adaxially when mature, hirsute, trichomes simple, abaxial surface generally more pubescent than adaxial surface; midvein raised abaxially and adaxially, secondary veins 2 to 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially raised, adaxially faintly evident or obscure, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cordate, margin entire, thinly revolute, apex acuminate, marginal glands slightly raised, ca. 1.0 mm from leaf base, one pair per leaf, 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Inflorescences pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 1.5–2.5 cm long at anthesis, 4- or 5-flowered; peduncle and rachis brown, terete, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets; bracts semi-persistent, reddish brown, non-foliaceous, ovate to elliptic, planar or occasionally cucullate, 1.0–1.5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, subcoriaceous, glabrous abaxially, pubescent adaxially, margin entire, occasionally with 1 or 2 glands near base. Pedicel ascending to slightly erect, 5.0–6.0 × 0.5–0.7 mm at anthesis, terete, pubescent; bracteoles borne at base of pedicel, linear or lanceolate, ca. 0.2 mm long, pubescent. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 5.0–7.0 mm long. Hypanthium dark brown, triangular-obtuse, 1.0–1.2 × 0.8–1.0 mm, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets; calyx limb ca. 1.5 mm long; calyx lobes 5 or 6, narrowly triangular, 1.0– 1.2 mm long, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets, margin entire, apex acuminate, without sessile terminal gland. Corolla narrowly conical-urceolate, tapering at middle toward apex, dark brown, 5.0–6.0 × 2.0– 2.5 mm, glabrous outside except for apical portion including corolla lobes, inside glabrous; corolla lobes 5 or 6, pubescent, 0.5–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Stamens 8 to 10, monomorphic, distinct, 3.7–4.5 mm long; filaments brown, straight, dilated at base, 2.8–3.1 mm long, white-lanate especially toward base, trichomes 0.4–0.5 mm long; anthers 1.0– 1.4 mm long, cells 0.6–0.9 mm long, obscurely echinulate, tubules parallel, broadly cylindrical, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.4–0.5 mm long, pore apex shallowly crested, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12-locular with false partitions extending ca. 0.8 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk annular, bulky, conspicuously larger than hypanthium, 0.7–1.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm, puberulent, margin obscurely ridged. Style not seen. Fruit dark brown, globose, non-ridged, 3.0–3.5 × 2.5–3.0 mm, pubescent, trichomes same as on branchlets; calyx lobes persistent, slightly recurved, disk bulged, annular, ca. 1.0 × ca. 2.0 mm; fruiting pedicels ca. 5 mm long. Distribution and Habitat: —This new species is endemic to Luzon Island, Northern Philippines. It can be found within the montane forests of the central Cordillera Mountain Range in Ifugao and Mountain Provinces. Etymology: —The new species is notably hairy on the stem, leaves, and inflorescences. We have therefore used “ burburan,” derived from the Iloco (Ilokano) language meaning hairy, for the specific epithet. Iloco (Ilokano) is the most frequently spoken regional language in the north and central parts of Luzon Island. Phenology: —Flowering and fruiting from March to May. Proposed Conservation Status: — Vaccinium burburan is restricted to montane forests of the central Cordillera Mountain Range. It has a very narrow distribution that is confined only to the high-elevation area. Based on the available data of its distribution (EOO 48.986 km 2), we recommend that this species be categorized as critically endangered [CR:B1(i,iv)] (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022). Discussion: —We consider Vaccinium burburan to be a member of Vaccinium sect. Bracteata Nakai in Nakai and Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (Sleumer 1966 –1967), as based on its multi-flowered racemose inflorescences, caducous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the ampullaceous corolla, and anthers that open by short terminal pores or introrse slits (Sleumer 1966 –1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In the keys to Philippine Vaccinium [Merrill 1908; Copeland 1930 (the artificial key in the treatment)] and Malesian Vaccinium sect. Bracteata (Sleumer 1966 –1967), V. burburan keys to V. tenuipes. Vaccinium tenuipes is also present in Luzon Island and is typically found as an epiphyte in high-elevation forests (1800–2800 m elevation) (Tamayo pers. obs.). In addition to the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, V. burburan can be distinguished from V. tenuipes by its fewer-flowered (4 or 5 vs. 5 to 10) and shorter [1.5–2.5 cm vs. (2–) 3–5 cm] inflorescences. In the key to the Bornean species of Vaccinium (Argent 2019), the species best keys to Vaccinium beamanianum Wilbur & Luteyn (2008: 219, non Vaccinium cordifolium Stapf 1894: 189). However, the new species is distinct by having non-leafy bracts (vs. leafy), shorter pedicels (5.0–6.0 mm vs. 8.0– 12 mm), shorter and narrower corollas (5.0–6.0 × 2.0– 2.5 mm vs. 12–15 × 5.0–6.0 mm) that are narrowly conical-urceolate (vs. tubular urceolate), apically pubescent corollas (vs. glabrous), shorter filaments (2.8–3.1 mm vs. 6.0–7.0 mm), and an absence of dorsal spurs (vs. presence). Moreover, the leaves of V. burburan are pubescent (vs. glabrous except basally in V. beamanianum). The new species also bears stipitate-glandular trichomes on its stem and inflorescence, a character not present in V. beamanianum. Vaccinium burburan has long been presumed to be a phenotypic variant of V. tenuipes. In his treatment of the Philippine Vaccinium, Copeland (1930) cited the specimen Zschokke & Laraya 29412 (UC UC237454!) as V. tenuipes; however, he also suspected that this variant might soon result in the description of a new infraspecific taxon or even species once more material had been studied. His decision to consider the specimens as conspecific under a broad V. tenuipes circumscription may also be due to the absence of flowers in any of the specimens previously available. The paratype Celestino 7974 (L L2625604!) was annotated as Vaccinium polisense Merr. & Quisumb., a name that apparently was never published. This specimen clearly represents V. burburan as exhibited by its spirally arranged and condensed leaves that are pubescent on both surfaces, cordate leaf blade base, and the presence of stipitate glands on the stem and inflorescence. The reason that this name was not published might be because the specimen is sterile, preventing a complete description for the species or leaving some doubt as to its distinctness.The isotype (L L3786386!) was annotated by Dr. George Argent as “ Vaccinium sp. ” We presume that this specimen was not confidently identified because the specimen is sterile, thus precluding confident identification. Vaccinium burburan is only one of two species in the Philippines that possesses a cordate leaf blade base, the other being V. oscarlopezianum Co (2002: 373) (Co et al. 2002). However, V. burburan is distinct from V. oscarlopezianum by the presence of stipitate-glandular trichomes (vs. absence), smaller leaf blades (2.2–4.0 × 2.0– 2.5 cm vs. 4.0–8.0 × 2.0– 4.2 cm), shorter inflorescences (1.5–2.5 cm vs. 8.0– 15 cm), non-foliaceous bracts (vs. foliaceous), apically pubescent corollas (vs. non-apically pubescent), and shorter stamens (3.7–4.5 mm vs. 5.0–7.0 mm). Moreover, the widespread Vaccinium myrtoides (Blume 1826: 861) Miquel (1859: 1062) on occasion may exhibit a cordate leaf blade base. However, V. burburan can be distinguished from this species by the presence of stipitate-glandular trichomes on its branches, leaves, and hypanthium (vs. absence), and a narrowly conical corolla (vs. urceolate) that is apically pubescent (vs. glabrous)., Published as part of Tamayo, Maverick N. & Fritsch, Peter W., 2022, Two new endemic species of blueberry (Vaccinium L., Ericaceae) from Luzon and Mindanao islands, Philippines, pp. 139-148 in Phytotaxa 564 (2) on pages 140-143, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7087136, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1908) Philippine Ericaceae. The Philippine Journal of Science, vol. 3, section C (Botany): 369 - 382.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2022) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. 1. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / resources / redlistguidelines (accessed 10 September 2022).","Nakai, T. & Koidzumi, G. (1927) Trees and shrubs indigenous in Japan proper (revised Ed.), Vol. 1. Seibido Shoten, Tokyo, 714 pp.","Sleumer, H. (1966 - 1967) Ericaceae. In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1, Vol. 6, Parts 4, 5. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, pp. 469 - 914.","Co, L. L., Madulid, D. & Argent, G. (2002) A new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) from the Philippines. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59 (3): 373 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428602000227","Salares, V. B., Obico, J. J. A., Ormerod, P., Barcelona, J. F. & Pelser, P. B. (2018) Taxonomic novelties from Cebu: a new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) and a new record of Phaius (Orchidaceae) for the Philippines. Phytotaxa 360 (3): 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 360.3.5","Copeland, H. F. (1930) Philippine Ericaceae, II: the species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of Science 42: 537 - 607.","Argent, G. (2019) Rigiolepis and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 76: 55 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428618000276","Wilbur, R. L. & Luteyn, J. L. (2008) A synopsis of the Mexican and Central American species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae). Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2: 207 - 241.","Stapf, O. (1894) On the flora of Mt. Kinabalu in north Borneo. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 4: 69 - 263.","Blume, C. L. (1826) Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, 1169 pp.","Miquel, F. A. W. (1859) Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, Vol 2. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam, 1103 pp."]}

Vaccinium carmesinum M.N.Tamayo & P.W.Fritsch, sp. nov. (Figs. 1���2) Type:��� PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island, Bukidnon Province, Municipality [City] of Malaybalay, Barangay Kibalabag, Mt. Limbawon, [Mt. Tago Range,] accessory trail to peak, 8.26217��N, 125.18055��E, 1546 m elevation, 10 June 2019, Plants and Lichens of the Southern Philippines Survey 611 (holotype PNH!, isotypes A!, BRIT BRIT572077!, CAS!, CMUH!, NY!). Paratypes:��� PHILIPPINES. Mindanao Island: Province of Bukidnon, Municipality [City] of Malaybalay, Barangay Kibalabag, Mt. Limbawon, [Mt. Tago Range,] open area with Pandanus, 8.27577��N, 125.18333��E, 1832 m elevation, 30 June 2015, Peter W. Fritsch 2081 (BRIT BRIT554025!, CAS 490415!); Mt. Kiamo summit, [Mt. Tago Range,] on ridge of heathland scrub, 8.2563��N, 125.14799��E, 1760 m elevation, 7 May 2014, Darin S. Penneys 2377 (BRIT BRIT554030!, CAS 490401!). Diagnosis:��� Vaccinium carmesinum resembles V. platyphyllum Merrill (1917: 294) and V. luzoniense S. Vidal (1886: 168), but differs from the former by longer and wider leaves, longer racemes, longer bracts, glabrous corollas, and glabrescent fruits, and from the latter by longer petioles, leaf glands distributed along the length of the blade margin, a glabrous inflorescence rachis, and lanate filaments. Description: ��� Terrestrial leaning shrub or tree, evergreen, 2���5 m tall, sparsely branched. Branchlets glabrous, red when young, grayish brown at maturity, terete, 3���8 mm wide, lenticellate; perennating buds compressed-ovoid, 1.5���2.5 mm long; bud scales overlapping with minutely ciliate margins. Leaves persistent on older branchlets, spirally and evenly arranged, slightly overlapping, internodes 1���5 cm long; petiole crimson red, in cross section rounded abaxially and slightly raised adaxially, 10���18 �� 1���5 mm, glabrous; lamina broadly elliptic, ovate, or rarely subrounded, with the larger leaves on each branchlet 7���15 �� 0.4���9 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces reddish when young turning pale green abaxially and glossy adaxially, in sicco both surfaces light brown to ferrugineous, without punctae, glabrous; midvein flattened or sunken adaxially, strongly raised abaxially, secondary veins 3 or 4 on each side of midvein with first pair arising from base and remainder along midvein, arc-ascending, abaxially raised, adaxially sunken, tertiary veins faintly evident or obscure, base cuneate to truncate, margin entire, weakly revolute, apex slightly acuminate, marginal glands sunken, 10���18 per side, scattered along length of margin but more concentrated towards the apex, 0.3��� 0.5 mm wide. Inflorescence pseudo-terminal or terminal, racemose, developing beyond confines of perennating bud, 1 per axil, 6���8 cm long at anthesis, densely 10- to 12-flowered; peduncle and rachis crimson red, slightly ridged, terete, glabrous; flower bracts caducous, crimson red, dark brown in sicco, foliaceous, ovate to elliptic, planar or occasionally cucullate, 6���15 �� 2.5���3.5 mm, coriaceous, glabrous, margin entire, ciliolate, with several yellowish or reddish globose glands, 0.15���0.20 mm diameter mainly on basal half and with cilia ca. 0.1 mm mainly on apical third, apex acute to obtuse with a terminal gland. Pedicel 3.5���15 �� 0.5���0.9 mm at anthesis, terete, spreading, glabrous, occasionally with 1 or 2 globose glands near base or occasionally on apical half, ebracteolate. Flowers articulated at junction with pedicel, 3.5���12 mm long. Hypanthium crimson red, cupuliform, 1.5���2 �� 2���2.5 mm, white-hirsutulous with trichomes 0.10���0.15 mm long; calyx limb 1.0��� 1.2 mm long, white-hirsutulous; calyx lobes broadly triangular, 0.8���1.2 mm long, white hirsutulous, margin entire, often ciliolate, apex acute, with a prominent greenish (reddish in sicco) globose sessile terminal gland ca. 0.25 mm diameter. Corolla broadly acute, lustrous white, conical-urceolate, 7���12 �� 2.5���6 mm, outside glabrous, inside white-lanate especially on upper and lower third, trichomes 0.5���1 mm long; corolla lobes 5 or 6, 1���2 �� 1���1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Stamens 8 to 10, monomorphic, distinct, 5.5���7.2 mm long; filaments white, straight, gradually dilated at base, 3.5���4.8 mm long, pink towards base, densely white-lanate with trichomes 0.5���1 mm long; anthers 2���2.4 mm long, cells 1.4���1.6 mm long, echinulate, tubules parallel, narrowly cylindrical, distinctly narrower than cells, opening by oblique ventrally oriented apical pores, 0.6���0.8 mm long, pore apex rounded, spurs absent. Ovary 5- or 6-locular but appearing pseudo-10- to 12-locular with false partitions extending ca. 1.5 mm from inner wall; ovules in two columns per locule. Disk disciform, ca. 2 mm in diameter, puberulent, margin shallowly ridged. Style reddish, not exserted from corolla, 10���12 mm long, glabrous. Fruit on pedicels 1.4���2.1 cm long, deep purple, dark brown or reddish in sicco, globose, slightly ridged, 4���6 �� 4���6 mm, glabrescent except for minute cilia on calyx lobe margins; persistent calyx lobes erect; disk ca. 4.5 mm in diameter. Seeds numerous, minute, brown, ca. 0.8 mm long. Distribution and Habitat:��� Vaccinium carmesinum is endemic to two mountains (Mt. Kiamo and Mt. Limbawon) in Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao, growing in tropical lower montane rainforest to upper montane rainforest. Populations of V. carmesinum were mostly found near summits where they thrive on volcanic-igneous or clay substrate with abundant humus. They also occur in areas of open shaded mossy forests, or on ridges covered in heathland scrub. Paratypes of the new species were collected on ca. 10���30% west-facing slopes. Etymology:��� The epithet carmesinum is derived from the Greek word for crimson (blood red), as depicted by its crimson red petioles, floral bracts, peduncle, rachis, pedicels, hypanthium, and calyces. Moreover, a crimson red stain is extracted in notable quantity when the plants are soaked in a denatured alcohol solution. Phenology: ��� Flowering in June. Fruiting from January to May. Proposed Conservation Status:��� Mt. Tago Range has not been extensively explored botanically, which results in uncertainty as to the conservation status of the species. This range is a non-protected area; thus, the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy for the species cannot be assessed. There are only two populations currently known. Hence, we recommend a conservation status of data deficient (DD) (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019). Discussion:��� In its combination of morphological characters, Vaccinium carmesinum matches no other species treated in relevant taxonomic treatments. In the artificial key to the species of Philippine Vaccinium (Copeland 1930), V. carmesinum keys to V. platyphyllum. The new species differs from V. platyphyllum by having longer and wider leaves (7���15 �� 0.4���9 cm vs. 11���14 cm �� 5���7 cm), longer racemes (6���8 cm vs. 4���6 cm), longer bracts (6���15 mm vs. ca. 8 mm), longer pedicels (3.5���15 mm vs. ca. 8 mm) that are glabrous (vs. slightly pubescent) and ebracteolate (vs. bracteolate), a glabrous (vs. sparsely pubescent) corolla outside, longer anthers (2.0��� 2.3 mm vs. ca. 1.5 mm), and longer (4.0���6.0 mm vs. ca. 3 mm) and glabrescent (vs. pubescent) fruits (Merrill 1917). Vaccinium carmesinum can be distinguished from all other species of Philippine Vaccinium by its leaves, which are the widest of any Vaccinium in the Philippines. The pedicels are also notably ebracteolate and have 0 to 2 globose glands near the base or occasionally on the apical half. These glands might be homologous with bracteoles (typically two per pedicel in Vaccinium) with a reduction in size and/or number. Copeland (1930) mentioned pedicel glands in V. luzoniense. Unfortunately, this character was not thoroughly described for the other Philippine species in former publication where the absence of bracteoles in a specimen is noted as ���unobserved��� (i.e. Sleumer 1966 ���1967). Vaccinium carmesinum is a member of V. section Bracteata Nakai in Nakai & Koidzumi (1927: 234) sensu Sleumer (Sleumer 1966 ���1967) as based on the combination of many-flowered racemose inflorescences, caducous foliaceous bracts, absence of a membranaceous wing at the sinuses of the corolla, and anthers that open by short introrse slits or terminal pores (Sleumer 1966 ���1967; Co et al. 2002; Salares et al. 2018). In Sleumer���s (1966 ���1967) key to the Malesian V. section Bracteata, V. carmesinum keys to V. luzoniense. Vaccinium carmesinum differs from V. luzoniense, however, by having longer petioles (10���18 mm vs. ca. 10 mm), longer and wider leaves (7���15 �� 0.4���9 cm vs. 7���9 cm �� 3���4.5 cm), with leaf glands distributed along the length of the leaf margin (vs. with merely a pair of glands near the base), glabrous rachis (vs. with capitate-glandular trichomes), white (vs. red) corollas, and densely lanate (vs. sparsely pubescent) filaments (Vidal 1886; Copeland 1930). In the key to the Bornean species of Vaccinium (Argent 2018), V. carmesinum keys to V. sarawakense subsp. montanum Argent (2018: 108) but differs from it by having an inflorescence with fewer flowers (10- to 12-flowered vs. 7- to 20-flowered), glabrous rachis (vs. densely covered by short brown curved glandular trichomes), calyx lobes with a sessile terminal gland (vs. absent), white (vs. pale pink) corollas, and the absence of anther spurs (vs. presence). In the sectional treatment of Vaccinium (Vander Kloet and Dickinson 2009), V. carmesinum can be treated as a member of V. section Euepigynium Schlechter (1919: 174) by its evergreen habit, monomorphic perennating buds, each with more than two scales, one perennating bud per leaf axil, plinerved leaf blade venation, entire leaf blade margin, peduncle longer than pedicels, calyx tube completely fused to the ovary, and pseudo-10-locular ovary. However, the boundaries of V. section Euepigynium and other sections of Malesian Vaccinium delimited by Vander Kloet and Dickinson (2009) were vaguely defined (i.e. the species included in each section are not provided). Hence, the sectional limits of Vaccinium in Malesia need further study. During the process of diagnosing Vaccinium carmesinum as distinct from other Philippine species, we have become cognizant of problems in the taxonomy of the Philippine species. For example, V. ilocanum Merrill (1919: 441) and V. rizalense Merrill (1925: 43) were synonymized under V. platyphyllum by Copeland (1930) but characters seem divergent among these species and the justification relied mainly on macroscopic characters. A detailed study of this complex is currently in progress with emphasis on, e.g., ovary indumentum, corolla surfaces, and stamen characters., Published as part of Tamayo, Maverick N., Coritico, Fulgent P., Amoroso, Victor B., Penneys, Darin S., Tandang, Danilo N. & Fritsch, Peter W., 2022, Vaccinium carmesinum (Ericaceae), a new species of blueberry from Mt. Tago Range, Mindanao Island, Philippines, pp. 173-180 in Phytotaxa 533 (3) on pages 174-178, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6048443, {"references":["Merrill, E. D. (1917) New Philippine shrubs and trees. Philippine Journal of Science, section C, Botany, 12 (1): 1 - 391.","Vidal, S. (1886) Revision de plantas vasculares Filipinas, Fam. 67 - Vacciniaceas. Establecimiento Tipo-Litografico de M. Perez, Hijo, Binondo, Manila. pp. 1 - 455.","IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed: 14 September 2021)","Copeland, H. F. (1930) Philippine Ericaceae, II: the species of Vaccinium. Philippine Journal of Science 42: 537 - 607.","Sleumer, H. (1966 - 1967) Ericaceae: In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (Ed.) Flora Malesiana. Ser. 1, Vol. 6, Parts 4, 5. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, pp. 469 - 914.","Nakai, T. & Koidzumi, G. (1927) Trees and shrubs indigenous in Japan proper (revised Ed.), Vol. 1. Seibido Shoten, Tokyo, 714 pp.","Co, L. L., Madulid, D. & Argent, G. (2002) A new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) from the Philippines. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 59 (3): 373 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428602000227","Salares, V. B., Obico, J. J. A., Ormerod, P., Barcelona, J. F. & Pelser, P. B. (2018) Taxonomic novelties from Cebu: a new species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) and a new record of Phaius (Orchidaceae) for the Philippines. Phytotaxa 360 (3): 255 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 360.3.5","Argent, G. (2018) Rigiolepis and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 76: 55 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0960428618000276","Vander Kloet, S. P. & Dickinson, T. A. (2009) A subgeneric classification of the genus Vaccinium and the metamorphosis of V. section Bracteata Nakai: more terrestrial and less epiphytic in habit, more continental and less insular in distribution. Journal of Plant Research 122 (3): 253 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10265 - 008 - 0211 - 7","Schlechter, R. (1919) Die Ericaceen von Deutsch-Neu-Guinea. Botanische Jahrbucher 55: 137 - 194.","Merrill, E. D. (1919) New or noteworthy Philippine plants, XV. Philippine Journal of Science 14 (4): 1 - 694.","Merrill, E. D. (1925) New species of Philippine plants collected by A. Loher. Philippine Journal of Science 27 (1): 1 - 59."]}

Ardisia kalimbahin Magtoto, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) Type:��� PHILIPPINES. Luzon Island: Sitio Binbin, Municipality of Carranglan, Province of Nueva Ecija, Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed Forest Reserve (PCWFR), ca. 920 m elevation, 13 March 2021, PTI-PCWFRI-96 with L. M . Magtoto & L. Udasco (holotype: PNH258564!; isotypes: CAHUP074214!; LBC9579!). Paratypes:��� PHILIPPINES. Palawan Island: Victoria Mountains, Municipality of Aborlan, Province of Palawan, 13 May 1950, M . D. Sulit 3817 (PNH 12374!); Mindoro Island: 25 April 1986, C. E . Ridsdale 1235 (PNH 62664!). Diagnosis:��� Ardisia kalimbahin closely resembles A. romanii in vegetative characters but can be distinguished by its shorter petiole (0.5���1.2 cm vs. 1.5 cm), shorter leaves (6���10.2 cm vs. 15 cm) that are elliptic (vs. ovate), racemose inflorescence (vs. umbel), longer pedicels (10���12 mm vs. 7.5 mm) that are sparsely puberulent (vs. glabrous), magenta corolla lobes (vs. deep lividus), basifixed anthers (vs. dorsifixed), shorter filaments (1.5 mm vs. 3 mm), and a beaked stigma (vs. pointed). Description:���Tree, ca. 6 m high, stem terete, monopodial, branched from middle to top; branches forming dense crown. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.5���1.2 cm long, glabrous; lamina chartaceous, elliptic, apex obtuse, base subcuneate, entire, 6.0��� 10.2 cm �� 2.1���4.5 cm, paler on abaxial surface; glabrous; midrib prominent beneath, flat on the upper side with a shallow groove toward the base; secondary veins about 12 pairs with 1���3 intersecondary veins extending halfway to the midrib, reticulately anastomosing. Inflorescence arising from leaf axils; stalk pink, 1���2.5 cm long, bears relatively compact racemose flowers; pedicels 10���12 mm, ca. 2 mm thick, pink, sparsely puberulent. Flowers ca. 8, buds subglobose-ovoid. Calyx lobes 5, sparsely puberulent, same color as the pedicel, ovate, 3���5 mm �� 2���3.5 mm, connate at the base, subrotund, margin thin and sparsely ciliate. Corolla lobes 5, magenta, 0.8���1 cm long, broadly ovate, slightly connate at the base, upper half margin rolled up upon the surface toward the apex, apex obtuse, glands sparse and denser near apex, spreading. Stamens 5, filaments white on the inner side and faint pink on the outer side, ca. 1.5 mm long; anthers 6 mm �� 3 mm, yellowish and rugose on the inner side, gland-punctate on the outer side, with larger black glands toward the acute apex, basifixed. Style yellowish, gland-dotted, 6���8 mm long, glabrous, not exserted before anthesis; stigma beaked. Ovary yellowish, subglobose, glabrous. Fruits black when ripe, oblate, 1.0��� 1.2 cm in diameter. Distribution and habitat:��� Ardisia kalimbahin is endemic to the Philippines and is currently distributed in the islands of Luzon (Municipality of Carranglan), Palawan (Victoria Mountains in Municipality of Aborlan), and Mindoro. Etymology:���The epithet ��� kalimbahin ��� is derived from a Filipino word referring to a range of colors from pink to red-violet. This color range is a reminiscent of the flower color of the new species. Phenology:���Flowering from May���April. Proposed Conservation Status:���Only a single flowering individual was documented in one location within the vicinity of PCWFR. The paratypes which were collected at least three decades ago, also lack population and habitat descriptions. For these reasons, we propose the conservation status DD (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019), as currently available information is inadequate to assess its risk of extinction using the IUCN guidelines. Notes:���Apart from the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, Ardisia kalimbahin can be further distinguished from A. romanii by its pink (vs. greenish) inflorescence stalk, narrower calyx lobe basal portion (2���3.5 mm vs. 6.0 mm), shorter corolla lobes (0.8���1.0 cm vs. 1.25 cm), shorter filaments (1.5 mm vs 3 mm) that are white (vs. pink), and shorter style (0.6���0.8 cm vs 1.0 cm) that are yellowish (vs. whitish) in color. There were previous collections purportedly attributed to A. romanii from Palawan [M.D. Sulit 3817 (PNH12374!)] and Mindoro [C.E. Ridsdale 1235 (PNH62664!)]. However, these specimens were mistakenly identified.The characters exhibited by these herbarium specimens confidently suggests that these materials belong to Ardisia kalimbahin mainly due to the elliptic leaves, racemose inflorescence, and longer pedicels in addition to some notes on the specimens��� flower color. The plant in Palawan was annotated in the herbarium sheet as ���small tree ca. 5���6 m high, flower bright pink, fruit black when ripe, edible��� while the specimen from Mindoro was annotated thriving on ���ridge forest with some large Agathis, small monopodial treelet, branches swollen at junction orthotropic branch, detaching and leaving branch scar, flowers magenta���. The herein-listed paratypes are stored under the name A. romanii but these were not confidently determined as such by Stone when he made annotations on the above-cited PNH collections between 1991 and 1992., Published as part of Magtoto, Liezel M., Tamayo, Maverick N., Udasco, Leonardo C. & Bustamante, Rene Alfred Anton, 2021, Ardisia kalimbahin (Primulaceae, Myrsinoideae), a new species from the Philippines, pp. 295-300 in Phytotaxa 525 (4) on pages 296-297, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.525.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5723162, {"references":["IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 25 July 2021)"]}

Tamayo, Maverick N., Magtoto, Liezel M., Sumalinog, Melchor S., Reyes, Tomas D., Austria, Celia M. (2021): Amorphophallus calcicolus (Thomsonieae, Araceae), a new species from the Bohol island, Central Visayas, Philippines. Phytotaxa 489 (2): 229-235, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.2.12

Tamayo, Maverick N., Pranada, Mc Andrew K., Bustamante, Rene Alfred Anton (2020): Dendrochilum ignisiflorum (Coelogyninae, Arethuseae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Luzon Island, Philippines. Phytotaxa 455 (4): 240-244, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.455.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.4.1