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The present case report puts on record of successful management of dystocia in a jenny suffering from posterior presentation of fetus and torsion of the umbilical cord. A five-year-old pregnant jenny in its last trimester with the history of vaginal discharges followed by mild straining without any progress was reported at the farm. The vaginal examination revealed a fully dilated cervix with the presence of a fetus with breech presentation. The fetus was relieved successfully by repulsion of the fetus, extension of flexed hind legs and final traction of the fetus without any administration of anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was undertaken with an aim to record and analyse the data related to basic reproductive parameters such as length of estrous cycle, estrus duration, pre-ovulatory follicle size at ovulation, day of ovulation, length of gestation and days of occurrence of foal heat in respect of Kathiawari mares for a period of thirteen consecutive breeding seasons (2010-2023). The mares were monitored closely for their estrus signs, examined with transrectal ultrasonography for the size of the follicle variation and to determine the size of the follicle at ovulation. The mares were inseminated with the frozen thawed semen collected from Kathiawari stallions. This is the first time ever report that live foals have been obtained using frozen semen via artificial insemination in kathiawari horses. The data on reproductive indices of the mares of Kathiawari breed in India are scanty and there are no available reports on reproductive characteristics of Kathiawari breed until today in the literature. The results of the present findings are of much useful and may serve as a ready reckoner for the reproductive traits of Kathiawari breed reared under arid region. The differences in the reproductive parameters observed in relation to other breeds of Indian horses may be attributed to breed differences and other environmental factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In bovines, cryopreserved semen is used for artificial insemination; however, the fertility of cryopreserved semen is far lower than that of fresh semen. Although cryopreservation alters sperm phenotypic characteristics, its effect on sperm molecular health is not thoroughly understood. The present study applied nextgeneration sequencing to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the sperm transcriptomic composition of bull spermatozoa. While freshly ejaculated bull spermatozoa showed 14,280 transcripts, cryopreserved spermatozoa showed only 12,375 transcripts. Comparative analysis revealed that 241 genes were upregulated, 662 genes were downregulated, and 215 genes showed neutral expression in cryopreserved spermatozoa compared to fresh spermatozoa. Gene ontology analysis indicated that the dysregulated transcripts were involved in nucleic acid binding, transcriptionspecific activity, and protein kinase binding involving protein autophosphorylation, ventricular septum morphogenesis, and organ development. Moreover, the dysregulated genes in cryopreserved spermatozoa were involved in pathways associated with glycogen metabolism, MAPK signalling, embryonic organ morphogenesis, ectodermal placode formation, and regulation of protein auto-phosphorylation. These findings suggest that the cryopreservation process induced alterations in the abundance of sperm transcripts related to potential fertility-associated functions and pathways, which might partly explain the reduced fertility observed with cryopreserved bull spermatozoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seven-year-old Marwari mare that was routinely used in semen collection programme was mismated by a fertile stallion. The mare was active and alert and all the clinical and hematological parameters were observed to be normal at the time of examination of pregnancy. Rectal examination of the mare through ultrasonography on day 15 revealed an embryonic vesicle confirming the pregnancy. Initially, the pregnancy was tried to terminate with prostaglandins and prostaglandins in combination with oxytocin, but, the pregnancy persisted and the levels of progesterone (P4) were observed to be elevated. Manual crushing for pregnancy termination was also tried but proved unsuccessful. Uterine lavage by infusing the weak iodine solution in combination with Ringer's lactate helped in flushing out the conceptus and the levels of P4 were also observed to decrease after the expulsion and the uterus was also found to be devoid of any fluid. The mare showed uneventful recovery and exhibited regular cycles later on and did not show up any abnormalities in conceiving in the consecutive cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antioxidants are used to minimize oxidative stress during liquid semen storage. The main aim of current study was to elucidate effect of supplementing melatonin and canthaxanthin in Tris‐based extender could enhance seminal quality of ram at 4°C up to 72 h. A total of 48 ejaculates were collected from breeding Magra rams (n = 8) and were preliminarily subjected for various macroscopic and microscopic semen evaluation tests. These ejaculates were pooled and divided into three equal aliquots. Two aliquots were diluted (1:10) using extender encompassing final concentration of 1mM melatonin and 25 µM canthaxanthin and stored at 4°C. Third aliquot with extender only was kept as control. Structural and functional seminal changes were observed at different time points of preservation. Results revealed that mean values for progressive sperm motility, viability and total antioxidant capacity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in melatonin group while hypo‐osmotic swelling test was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in canthaxanthin group. Total sperm abnormalities and malondialdehyde levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in both treatment groups indicating their antioxidant efficacy in protection of spermatozoa from oxidative stress. Results of study indicated that supplementation of these antioxidants to ram semen could be used to enhance storage life of liquid semen at 4°C up to 72 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the significance of equine conservation in India and highlights the successful implementation of embryo transfer technology to preserve indigenous horse breeds, exemplified by the birth of Raj-Prathama, India's first Marwari filly born through this method. Topics include the declining population of equines, the role of the National Research Centre on Equines in genetic conservation, and the potential of embryo transfer technology to enhance breed preservation efforts.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the functional membrane integrity of cryopreserved spermatozoa from stallions belonging to two contrasting motility groups (high and low motility groups). A dual staining method comprising of carboxy fluoroscein diacetate (CFDA) and propidium iodide (PI) was used for this purpose. Stallions were classified into either high (post thaw progressive motility e"35%) or low (post thaw progressive motility <25%) motility groups. The proportion of membrane intact spermatozoa was significantly (P<0.05) higher in high motility group. Interestingly, it was observed that the proportion of moribund population was significantly (P<0.05) higher in low motility group as compared to high motility group. It was inferred that higher proportion of moribund spermatozoa might be one of the important contributing factors for poor sperm motility in stallions belonging to low motile group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted with the objective to evaluate the post thaw semen qualities of Poitou donkey by addition of α-tocopherol, Pentoxifylline and Taurine in semen extender. Semen was divided in four different treatments having final concentration of 150 x 106 sperm/ml with use of cryoprotectant (5% DMF) containing without supplement (control) and following supplements with concentration: á-tocopherol (1 mM), Pentoxifylline (3.5 mM) and Taurine (25 mM), all stored in liquid nitrogen for 24 hrs. All samples after thawing process were maintained at 37°C, were analyzed and performed. Spermatozoa motility, live sperm count, host reactive, acrosomal integrity and DNA integrity were recorded and performed for each additive and also for an untreated control. In between the overall treatments, Pentoxifylline (T2) and Taurine (T3) revealed the higher (P<0.01) post thaw sperm motility (53.78±0.87 and 52.28±0.90%) compared to α-tocopherol-T1 (50.15±0.80%) and control (39.65±0.52%) while, T2 and T3 differed non-significantly. Between the treatments, T2 and T3 revealed the higher (P<0.01) post thawed live sperm count (60.62±0.82and 59.46±0.84%) compared to T1 (57.12±0.77%) and control (45.43±0.56%). In between the treatments, T2 and T3 revealed the higher (P<0.01) values of post thaw host reactive sperms (43.28±0.77 and 42.18±0.84%) compared to T1 (40.21±0.72%) and control (30.15±0.40%). Whereas, T2 and T3 differed non-significantly. Between the treatments, T2 and T3 revealed the higher (P<0.01) post thaw Acrosomal integrity (87.03±0.52and 87.03±0.45%) compared to T1 (84.62±0.34%) and control (80.34±0.24%) while T2 and T3 differed non-significantly. In between the treatments (T2 and T3) revealed the higher (P<0.01) DNA integrity (88.28±0.37 and 87.50±0.28%) compared to both treatment T1 (84.75±0.26%) and control (81.03±0.37%) while T2 and T3 differed non-significantly. In above study Pentoxifylline was found to improve sperm motility, live sperm count, host reactive, acrosomal integrity and DNA integrity and may also enhance the quality of frozen equine semen by increasing the fertility rate probably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed to superovulate donor Indian mares using eFSH. eFSH administration was initiated on 7th day of estrus cycle with dose of 25 mg @ 12.5 mg x 12 hourly or 6.25 mg x 6 hourly in total six mares. Another six mares served as control. Treatment was continued till development of two or more follicles of 35 mm size. The superovulatory response was assessed by serial ultrasonography of ovaries twice daily. Artificial insemination was undertaken in all mares with detected ovulations were detected. Similar super-ovulatory response was seen in all six mares with average days (n) of eFSH treatment of 8.6 days. Average number of follicles (>35 mm) in super-ovulated mares were 5.5. Although ovulations per mare were 4.16, yet embryo collection per mare was only 1.16 (seven embryos from six treated mares) where as in control group, it was 0.83 (five from six control mares). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical diagnosis of pyometra in an Arabian mare was undertaken through transrectal ultrasonography and was managed with uterine lavage and intrauterine antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The report records diagnosis and management of endometrial cysts in mares. The endometrial cysts were diagnosed through ultrasonography and their size was determined. As cysts were small in nature, they were treated and pregnancy was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the correlation between Hypo-Osmotic Swelling (HOS) test positive sperms and fresh and frozen thawed stallion spermatozoa in 3 various equine breeds. Semen samples were taken from stallions housed in the Equine Production Campus, Rajasthan, India and maintained in uniform conditions of feeding and management. It suggests that HOS test can be a valuable and practical tool in knowing the functional capacity of fresh and frozen thawed spermatozoa of equine species.

The article presents information on a study which identified the seminal characteristics of Zanskari ponies in the arid region of Rajasthan, India. It describes the experimental methods utilized including macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the semen collected from three Zanskari stallions maintained at the National Research Centre on Equines, Equine Production Campus, Bikaner. Findings showed invariably thin semen with milky white to creamy colour.