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3. Whole-genome sequences of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates obtained from plant-origin foods and dried food manufacturing environments

Author

Jang, H, Addy, N, Ewing, L, Gilles Beaubrun, J J, Lee, Y Y, Woo, J H, Negrete, F, Finkelstein, S, Tall, B D, Lehner, A, Eshwar, A, Gopinath, G, University of Zurich, and Jang, H

Subjects
1311 Genetics, 1312 Molecular Biology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10082 Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene
Published
2018
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4. Genomic characterization of malonate positive Cronobacter sakazakii serotype O:2, sequence type 64 strains, isolated from clinical, food, and environment samples

Author

Gopinath, G R, Chase, H R, Gangiredla, J, Eshwar, A, Jang, H, Patel, I, Negrete, F, Finkelstein, S, Park, E, Chung, T J, Yoo, Y J, Woo, J H, Lee, Y Y, Park, J, Choi, H, Jeong, S, Jun, S, Kim, M, Lee, C, Jeong, H, Fanning, S, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Iversen, C, Reich, F, Klein, G, Lehner, Angelika; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5090, Tall, B D, Gopinath, G R, Chase, H R, Gangiredla, J, Eshwar, A, Jang, H, Patel, I, Negrete, F, Finkelstein, S, Park, E, Chung, T J, Yoo, Y J, Woo, J H, Lee, Y Y, Park, J, Choi, H, Jeong, S, Jun, S, Kim, M, Lee, C, Jeong, H, Fanning, S, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Iversen, C, Reich, F, Klein, G, Lehner, Angelika; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5090, and Tall, B D

Abstract

Background: Malonate utilization, an important differential trait, well recognized as being possessed by six of the seven Cronobacter species is thought to be largely absent in Cronobacter sakazakii (Csak). The current study provides experimental evidence that confirms the presence of a malonate utilization operon in 24 strains of sequence type (ST) 64, obtained from Europe, Middle East, China, and USA; it offers explanations regarding the genomic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness among these strains, and that of other C. sakazakii strains. Results: In this study, the presence of a malonate utilization operon in these strains was initially identified by DNA microarray analysis (MA) out of a pool of 347 strains obtained from various surveillance studies involving clinical, spices, milk powder sources and powdered infant formula production facilities in Ireland and Germany, and dried dairy powder manufacturing facilities in the USA. All ST64 C. sakazakii strains tested could utilize malonate. Zebrafish embryo infection studies showed that C. sakazakii ST64 strains are as virulent as other Cronobacter species. Parallel whole genome sequencing (WGS) and MA showed that the strains phylogenetically grouped as a separate clade among the Csak species cluster. Additionally, these strains possessed the Csak O:2 serotype. The nine-gene, ~ 7.7 kbp malonate utilization operon was located in these strains between two conserved flanking genes, gyrB and katG. Plasmidotyping results showed that these strains possessed the virulence plasmid pESA3, but in contrast to the USA ST64 Csak strains, ST64 Csak strains isolated from sources in Europe and the Middle East, did not possess the type six secretion system effector vgrG gene. Conclusions: Until this investigation, the presence of malonate-positive Csak strains, which are associated with foods and clinical cases, was under appreciated. If this trait was used solely to identify Cronobacter strains, many strains would likely be mi

Published
2018

5. Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis-like strains implicated in limp lobster disease

Author

Tall , B. D., Fall , S., Pereria , M. R., Ramos- Vallr , M., Curtis , S. K., Kothary , M. H., D.M.T. Chu, Monday, S. R., Bayer, R. C., Bier, J. W., Lampel, K. A., Khambaty, F. M., Hanes, D. E., Shangraw, K. A., Thunberg, R. L., Prince, D., Donkar, T., and Kornegay, L.

Subjects
Campylobacter -- Research, Microbiological research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described systemic disease in Homarus americanus (American lobster) caused by Vibrio fluvialis like microorganism are determined and characterized. The findings support the hypothesis that these V. fluvialis like organisms were responsible for the originally described systemic disease, which is called limp lobster disease.

Published
2003

6. Pan-genome analysis of the emerging foodborne pathogen Cronobacter spp. suggests a species-level bidirectional divergence driven by niche adaptation

Author

Grim, C J, Kotewicz, M L, Power, K A, Gopinath, G, Franco, A A, Jarvis, K G, Yan, Q Q, Jackson, S A, Sathyamoorthy, V, Hu, L, Pagotto, F, Iversen, C, Lehner, A, Stephan, Roger, Fanning, S, Tall, B D, University of Zurich, and Tall, B D

Subjects
1311 Genetics, 1305 Biotechnology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10082 Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene
Published
2013
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7. Comparative genomic characterization of the highly persistent and potentially virulent Cronobacter sakazakii ST83, CC65 strain H322 and other ST83 strains

Author

Chase, H R, Gopinath, G R, Eshwar, A K, Stoller, A, Fricker-Feer, C, Gangiredla, J, Patel, I R, Cinar, H N, Jeong, H, Lee, C, Negrete, F, Finkelstein, S, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Tall, B D, Lehner, Angelika; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5090, Chase, H R, Gopinath, G R, Eshwar, A K, Stoller, A, Fricker-Feer, C, Gangiredla, J, Patel, I R, Cinar, H N, Jeong, H, Lee, C, Negrete, F, Finkelstein, S, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Tall, B D, and Lehner, Angelika; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5090

Abstract

Cronobacter (C.) sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen and has been associated with serious infections with high mortality rates predominantly in pre-term, low-birth weight and/or immune compromised neonates and infants. Infections have been epidemiologically linked to consumption of intrinsically and extrinsically contaminated lots of reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF), thus contamination of such products is a challenging task for the PIF producing industry. We present the draft genome of C. sakazakii H322, a highly persistent sequence type (ST) 83, clonal complex (CC) 65, serotype O:7 strain obtained from a batch of non-released contaminated PIF product. The presence of this strain in the production environment was traced back more than 4 years. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of this strain together with four more ST83 strains (PIF production environment-associated) confirmed a high degree of sequence homology among four of the five strains. Phylogenetic analysis using microarray (MA) and WGS data showed that the ST83 strains were highly phylogenetically related and MA showed that between 5 and 38 genes differed from one another in these strains. All strains possessed the pESA3-like virulence plasmid and one strain possessed a pESA2-like plasmid. In addition, a pCS1-like plasmid was also found. In order to assess the potential in vivo pathogenicity of the ST83 strains, each strain was subjected to infection studies using the recently developed zebrafish embryo model. Our results showed a high (90-100%) zebrafish mortality rate for all of these strains, suggesting a high risk for infections and illness in neonates potentially exposed to PIF contaminated with ST83 C. sakazakii strains. In summary, virulent ST83, CC65, serotype CsakO:7 strains, though rarely found intrinsically in PIF, can persist within a PIF manufacturing facility for years and potentially pose significant quality assurance challenges to the PIF manufacturing industry.

Published
2017

8. Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis from food and human infections, Switzerland, 2010-2015: poultry-related multidrug resistant clones and an emerging ESBL producing clonal lineage

Author

Hindermann, Denise, Gopinath, G, Chase, H, Negrete, F, Althaus, Denise, Zurfluh, Katrin, Tall, B D, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Nüesch-Inderbinen, Magdalena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-9739, Hindermann, Denise, Gopinath, G, Chase, H, Negrete, F, Althaus, Denise, Zurfluh, Katrin, Tall, B D, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, and Nüesch-Inderbinen, Magdalena; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3242-9739

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 520 Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis strains isolated from food (poultry meat), human infections and environmental sources from the years 2010, 2013 and 2015 in Switzerland. Methods: We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis on all 520 S. Infantis isolates, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 32 selected isolates. Results: The majority (74.8%) of the isolates was multidrug resistant (MDR). PFGE analysis revealed that 270 (51.9%) isolates shared an identity of 90%. All isolates subjected to WGS belonged to sequence type (ST) 32 or a double-locus variant thereof (one isolate). Seven (21.9%) of the sequenced isolates were phylogenetically related to the broiler-associated clone B that emerged in Hungary and subsequently spread within and outside of Europe. In addition, three isolates harboring blaCTX-M-65 on a predicted large (∼320 kb) plasmid grouped in a distinct cluster. Conclusion: This study documents the presence of the Hungarian clone B and related clones in food and human isolates between 2010 and 2015, and the emergence of a blaCTX-M-65 harboring MDR S. serovar Infantis lineage.

Published
2017

9. Draft genome sequence of Cronobacter sakazakii GP 1999, sequence type 145, an epiphytic isolate obtained from the tomato's rhizosplane/rhizosphere continuum

Author

Chase, H R, Eberl, L, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Jeong, H J, Lee, Chaeyoon, Finkelstein, S, Negrete, F, Gangiredla, J, Patel, I, Tall, B D, Gopinath, G R, Lehner, Angelika; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5090, Chase, H R, Eberl, L, Stephan, Roger; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1002-4762, Jeong, H J, Lee, Chaeyoon, Finkelstein, S, Negrete, F, Gangiredla, J, Patel, I, Tall, B D, Gopinath, G R, and Lehner, Angelika; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-5090

Abstract

We present here the draft genome of Cronobacter sakazakii GP1999, a sequence type 145 strain isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Assembly and annotation of the genome resulted in a genome of 4,504,670 bp in size, with 4,148 coding sequences, and a GC content of 56.8%.

Published
2017

10. Genome Sequences of Malonate-Positive Cronobacter sakazakii Serogroup O:2, Sequence Type 64 Strains CDC 1121-73 and GK1025, Isolated from Human Bronchial Wash and a Powdered Infant Formula Manufacturing Plant

Author

Chase, H. R., primary, Gopinath, G. R., additional, Gangiredla, J., additional, Patel, I. R., additional, Kothary, M. H., additional, Carter, L., additional, Sathyamoorthy, V., additional, Lee, B., additional, Park, E., additional, Yoo, Y. J., additional, Chung, T. J., additional, Choi, H., additional, Jun, S., additional, Park, J., additional, Jeong, S., additional, Kim, M., additional, Reich, F., additional, Klein, G., additional, and Tall, B. D., additional

Published
2016
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14. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov

Author

Iversen, C, Mullane, N, McCardell, B, Tall, B D, Lehner, Angelika, Fanning, S, Stephan, Roger, Joosten, H, University of Zurich, and Stephan, Roger

Subjects
1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2404 Microbiology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10082 Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene
Published
2008

16. Multiplex PCR Assay Targeting a Diguanylate Cyclase-Encoding Gene, cgcA , To Differentiate Species within the Genus Cronobacter

Author

Carter, L., primary, Lindsey, L. A., additional, Grim, C. J., additional, Sathyamoorthy, V., additional, Jarvis, K. G., additional, Gopinath, G., additional, Lee, C., additional, Sadowski, J. A., additional, Trach, L., additional, Pava-Ripoll, M., additional, McCardell, B. A., additional, Tall, B. D., additional, and Hu, L., additional

Published
2013
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21. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov., comb. nov., Cronobacter malonaticus sp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov. and Cronobacter dublinensis subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov.

Author

Iversen, C., primary, Mullane, N., additional, McCardell, B., additional, Tall, B. D., additional, Lehner, A., additional, Fanning, S., additional, Stephan, R., additional, and Joosten, H., additional

Published
2008
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24. Rugosity in Grimontia hollisae

Author

Curtis, S. K., primary, Kothary, M. H., additional, Blodgett, R. J., additional, Raybourne, R. B., additional, Ziobro, G. C., additional, and Tall, B. D., additional

Published
2007
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25. Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis -LikeStrains Implicated in Limp LobsterDisease

Author

Tall, B. D., primary, Fall, S., additional, Pereira, M. R., additional, Ramos-Valle, M., additional, Curtis, S. K., additional, Kothary, M. H., additional, Chu, D. M. T., additional, Monday, S. R., additional, Kornegay, L., additional, Donkar, T., additional, Prince, D., additional, Thunberg, R. L., additional, Shangraw, K. A., additional, Hanes, D. E., additional, Khambaty, F. M., additional, Lampel, K. A., additional, Bier, J. W., additional, and Bayer, R. C., additional

Published
2003
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48. Shigella flexneri IpaH(7.8) facilitates escape of virulent bacteria from the endocytic vacuoles of mouse and human macrophages.

Author

Fernandez-Prada, C M, Hoover, D L, Tall, B D, Hartman, A B, Kopelowitz, J, and Venkatesan, M M

Abstract

The behavior of Shigella flexneri ipaH mutants was studied in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDM), in 1-day-old human monocytes, and in J774 mouse macrophage cell line. In HMDM, strain pWR700, an ipaH(7.8) deletion mutant of S. flexneri 2a strain 2457T, behaved like the wild-type strain 2457T. This strain caused rapid host cell death by oncosis, and few bacterial CFU were recovered after incubation in the presence of gentamicin as previously described for 2457T-infected HMDM. However, analysis of bacterial compartmentalization within endocytic vacuoles with gentamicin and chloroquine indicated that more pWR700 than 2457T was present within the endocytic vacuoles of HMDM, suggesting that ipaH(7.8) deletion mutant transited more slowly from the vacuoles to the cytoplasm. In contrast to findings with HMDM, CFU recovered from pWR700-infected mouse J774 cells were 2 to 3 logs higher than CFU from 2457T-infected J774 cells. These values exceeded CFU recovered after infection of J774 cells with plasmid-cured avirulent strain M4243A1. Incubation with gentamicin and chloroquine clearly showed that pWR700 within J774 cells was mostly present within the endocytic vacuoles. This distribution pattern was similar to that seen with M4243A1 and contrasted with the pattern seen with 2457T. Complementation of pWR700 with a recombinant clone expressing ipaH(7. 8) restored the intracellular distribution of bacteria to that seen with the wild-type strain. Strains with deletions in ipaH(4.5) or ipaH(9.8), however, behaved like 2457T in both HMDM and J774 cells. The distribution profile of pWR700 in 1-day-old monocytes was similar to that seen in J774 cells. Like infected J774 cells, 1-day-old human monocytes demonstrated apoptosis upon infection with virulent Shigella. These results suggest that a role of the ipaH(7. 8) gene product is to facilitate the escape of the virulent bacteria from the phagocytic vacuole of monocytes and macrophages.

Published
2000

49. Specificity of monoclonal antibodies elicited by mucosal infection of BALB/c mice with virulent Shigella flexneri 2a.

Author

Hartman, A B, Van de Verg, L L, Mainhart, C R, Tall, B D, and Smith-Gill, S J

Abstract

Protective immunity against shigellosis is thought to be determined by the O-antigen side chains of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule. To study possible common protective epitopes, monoclonal antibodies reacting with Shigella flexneri 2a LPS were generated from BALB/c mice infected ocularly with the virulent serotype 2a strain S. flexneri 2457T and tested against a panel of S. flexneri LPSs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunoblot assays. Four monoclonal antibodies were identified, all of which showed restricted specificity patterns. Three different patterns of reactivity to LPS possessing the 3,4 group antigen were seen: (i) 2a only, (ii) 2a and 5a, and (iii) 2a, 4a, 5a, and Y. These results have implications for designing a Shigella vaccine that will be protective against related serotypes. Electron microscopy studies showed that the monoclonal antibodies bind to the bacterial surface in a patchy pattern, suggesting their potential use for examining the LPS distribution on the surface of the bacteria.

Published
1996

50. Intracellular spread of Shigella flexneri associated with the kcpA locus and a 140-kilodalton protein

Author

Pál, T, Newland, J W, Tall, B D, Formal, S B, and Hale, T L

Abstract

Escherichia coli K-12 hybrids carrying both the 220-kilobase plasmid and the purE-linked kcpA locus from Shigella flexneri expressed a 140-kilodalton (kDa) protein which was recognized by convalescent sera from monkeys infected with S. flexneri. These hybrids were tested for the ability to produce plaques in HeLa cell monolayers. Hybrid strains which carried both the 220-kilobase plasmid and the kcpA locus had a plaque-forming efficiency of at least 10(-4) PFU/CFU, whereas the plaque-forming efficiency of hybrids that carried only the shigella invasion plasmid ranged from undetectable to 10(-6). Variants were purified from the rare plaques formed by E. coli hybrids that carried only the shigella invasion plasmid. These plaque-purified strains also expressed the 140-kDa protein, and they had a plaque-forming efficiency of at least 10(-4). Transduction of the purE locus from a plaque-purified hybrid into a non-plaque-forming E. coli K-12 strain did not alter the phenotype of the recipient, but conjugation of the shigella invasion plasmid into this transductant reconstituted both expression of the 140-kDa protein and the plaque-forming phenotype. Invasive E. coli K-12 hybrids carrying only the shigella invasion plasmid remained localized within discrete areas of the HeLa cell cytoplasm, whereas hybrids that also carried the S. flexneri kcpA locus grew in a dispersed pattern throughout the host cell cytoplasm. The dispersal of these organisms was inhibited by cytochalasin D, which suggested that host cell microfilaments may play a role in the intracellular spread of enteroinvasive pathogens.

Published
1989
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