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13. Cajal bodies: Evolutionarily conserved nuclear biomolecular condensates with properties unique to plants.

Author

Taliansky, Michael E, Love, Andrew J, Kołowerzo-Lubnau, Agnieszka, and Smoliński, Dariusz Jan

Subjects
*CELL compartmentation, *RNA metabolism, *ORGANELLE formation, *RNA splicing, *CELL physiology, *PHASE separation, *TELOMERES
Abstract

Proper orchestration of the thousands of biochemical processes that are essential to the life of every cell requires highly organized cellular compartmentalization of dedicated microenvironments. There are 2 ways to create this intracellular segregation to optimize cellular function. One way is to create specific organelles, enclosed spaces bounded by lipid membranes that regulate macromolecular flux in and out of the compartment. A second way is via membraneless biomolecular condensates that form due to to liquid-liquid phase separation. Although research on these membraneless condensates has historically been performed using animal and fungal systems, recent studies have explored basic principles governing the assembly, properties, and functions of membraneless compartments in plants. In this review, we discuss how phase separation is involved in a variety of key processes occurring in Cajal bodies (CBs), a type of biomolecular condensate found in nuclei. These processes include RNA metabolism, formation of ribonucleoproteins involved in transcription, RNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and telomere maintenance. Besides these primary roles of CBs, we discuss unique plant-specific functions of CBs in RNA-based regulatory pathways such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, mRNA retention, and RNA silencing. Finally, we summarize recent progress and discuss the functions of CBs in responses to pathogen attacks and abiotic stresses, responses that may be regulated via mechanisms governed by polyADP-ribosylation. Thus, plant CBs are emerging as highly complex and multifunctional biomolecular condensates that are involved in a surprisingly diverse range of molecular mechanisms that we are just beginning to appreciate. Biomolecular condensates in plants perform many more functions than were previously known; the roles of Cajal bodies, are explored in depth, shedding light on the numerous functions performed by biomolecular condensates in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Virus-Like Particle Facilitated Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Bone Mineral on Nanocellulose after Exposure to Phosphate and Calcium Precursors

Author

Sinitsyna, Olga V., primary, Makarov, Valentine V., additional, McGeachy, Kara, additional, Bukharova, Tatyana, additional, Whale, Eric, additional, Hepworth, David, additional, Yaminsky, Igor V., additional, Kalinina, Natalia O., additional, Taliansky, Michael E., additional, and Love, Andrew J., additional

Published
2019
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27. Phytaspase-mediated precursor processing and maturation of the wound hormone systemin

Author

Beloshistov, Roman E., primary, Dreizler, Konrad, additional, Galiullina, Raisa A., additional, Tuzhikov, Alexander I., additional, Serebryakova, Marina V., additional, Reichardt, Sven, additional, Shaw, Jane, additional, Taliansky, Michael E., additional, Pfannstiel, Jens, additional, Chichkova, Nina V., additional, Stintzi, Annick, additional, Schaller, Andreas, additional, and Vartapetian, Andrey B., additional

Published
2017
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29. Phytaspase‐mediated precursor processing and maturation of the wound hormone systemin.

Author

Beloshistov, Roman E., Galiullina, Raisa A., Tuzhikov, Alexander I., Serebryakova, Marina V., Chichkova, Nina V., Vartapetian, Andrey B., Dreizler, Konrad, Reichardt, Sven, Stintzi, Annick, Schaller, Andreas, Shaw, Jane, Taliansky, Michael E., and Pfannstiel, Jens

Subjects
SYSTEMIN, PROTEIN precursors, SERINE proteinases, PLANT defenses, PLANT injuries, TOMATO genetics
Abstract

Summary: Peptide hormones are implicated in many important aspects of plant life and are usually synthesized as precursor proteins. In contrast to animals, data for plant peptide hormone maturation are scarce and the specificity of processing enzyme(s) is largely unknown. Here we tested a hypothesis that processing of prosystemin, a precursor of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) wound hormone systemin, is performed by phytaspases, aspartate‐specific proteases of the subtilase family. Following the purification of phytaspase from tomato leaves, two tomato phytaspase genes were identified, the cDNAs were cloned and the recombinant enzymes were obtained after transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. The newly identified tomato phytaspases hydrolyzed prosystemin at two aspartate residues flanking the systemin sequence. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the phytaspase cleavage sites in prosystemin abrogated not only the phytaspase‐mediated processing of the prohormone in vitro, but also the ability of prosystemin to trigger the systemic wound response in vivo. The data show that the prohormone prosystemin requires processing for signal biogenesis and biological activity. The identification of phytaspases as the proteases involved in prosystemin maturation provides insight into the mechanisms of wound signaling in tomato. Our data also suggest a novel role for cell death‐related proteases in mediating defense signaling in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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31. Cajal bodies and their role in plant stress and disease responses.

Author

Love, Andrew J., Yu, Chulang, Petukhova, Natalia V., Kalinina, Natalia O., Chen, Jianping, and Taliansky, Michael E.

Abstract

Cajal bodies (CBs) are distinct sub-nuclear structures that are present in eukaryotic living cells and are often associated with the nucleolus. CBs play important roles in RNA metabolism and formation of RNPs involved in transcription, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and telomere maintenance. Besides these primary roles, CBs appear to be involved in additional functions that may not be directly related to RNA metabolism and RNP biogenesis. In this review, we assess possible roles of plant CBs in RNA regulatory pathways such as nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and RNA silencing. We also summarize recent progress and discuss new non-canonical functions of plant CBs in responses to stress and disease. It is hypothesized that CBs can regulate these responsesviatheir interaction with poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP), which is known to play an important role in various physiological processes including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is suggested that CBs and their components modify PARP activities and functions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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46. IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT HOST FACTORS INTERACTING WITH VIRUSES: NOVEL TARGETS FOR VIRUS CONTROL.

Author

Cooper, Ian, Kühne, Thomas, Polishchuk, Valery P., and Taliansky, Michael E.

Abstract

Plant viruses and their vectors cause serious economic losses, limit crop production, and have negative effects on the quality and security of food supplies. The disease induced by a particular virus may be significantly exacerbated by the presence of a second unrelated virus or a subviral agent (viroids, satellite RNAs) or by infection with other cellular parasites (fungi, bacteria). Current approaches to the protection of plants from viruses are primarily based on poorly understood mechanisms and it is likely that more detailed knowledge will lead to improved virus management. Plant virus genomes are relatively small and therefore are physically unable to encode all the products needed for development of virus infection. When establishing infection, viruses recruit natural host factors to replicate and spread. These factors are candidate targets for novel virus resistance approaches. However, knowledge of such factors may also lead to misuse of plant viruses (by potential bioterrorists) for the development of methods inactivating these factors by recombinant (modified) viruses and hence destroying plant (crop) functions. To protect plants from consequences of such misuse we need to know more about host factors interacting with plant viruses. Here, I present information on one such factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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47. Umbravirus.

Author

Taliansky, Michael E. and Robinson, David J.

Subjects
*VIRAL genetics, *VIRAL replication, *VIRUS research, *NUCLEOTIDE sequence, *VIRUS diseases
Abstract

The article offers information on Umbravirus. The virus' genome and replication strategy is described. A chronological list of the virus' history of discovery and research is presented as well. Its genus members are also listed, which include the species carrot mottle virus and carrot mottle mimic virus. In addition, several charts are presented which describes the virus' nucleotide sequences, proteins, biology and the diseases it can cause.

Published
2002

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