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Introduction To assess the effects of cleft lip and palate (CLP) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) components using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methodology This historical cohort study evaluated 20 CBCT scans of the TMJ area of patients with unilateral CLP as the test group and 20 CBCT scans of the TMJ area of non-CLP controls with class I occlusion. The morphological properties and dimensions of the condyle, the thickness of the glenoid fossa and articular eminence, and the articular eminence angle were measured and recorded. The two groups were compared regarding the above-mentioned variables by the Chi-square or t test (alpha=0.05). Results The left and right axial condylar angles in CLP patients were significantly lower than the corresponding values in the control group by 1.8 degrees in the left and 2 degrees in the right side (p=0.005). The mediolateral condylar dimension at both sides was significantly lower in CLP patients than in the controls (p=0.001). The differences between the two groups were not significant in the anteroposterior condylar dimension, glenoid fossa thickness, and articular eminence thickness (p>0.05). The CLP patients had significantly lower articular eminence angle in the right side (p=0.016) but not in the left side (p>0.05), compared with the controls. Conclusion Unilateral CLP patients have lower axial condylar angle and mediolateral condylar dimension at both sides, and lower articular eminence angle in the right side than the controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with different voxel sizes and intraoral digital radiography with photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate for detection of periapical (PA) bone lesions. Materials and Methods: In this ex vivo diagnostic study, one-millimeter defects were created in the alveolar sockets of 15 bone blocks, each with two posterior teeth. A no-defect control group was also included. Digital PA radiographs with PSP plates and CBCT scans with 200, 250 and 300μ voxel sizes were obtained. Four observers evaluated the possibility of lesion detection using a 5-point scale. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predicative value (NPV) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's post hoc test. Kappa and weighted kappa statistics were applied to assess intraobserver and interobserver agreements. Results: Cochrane Q test showed no significant difference between PSP and CBCT imaging modalities in terms of kappa and weighted kappa statistics (P=0.675). The complete sensitivity and complete NPV for 200 and 250μ voxel sizes were higher than those of 300μ voxel size and digital radiography (P<0.001). No significant difference was noted in other parameters among other imaging modalities (P=0.403). Conclusions: The results showed that high-resolution CBCT scans had higher diagnostic accuracy than PSP digital radiography for detection of artificially created PA bone lesions. Voxel size (field of view) must be taken into account to minimize patient radiation dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:: This study sought to assess the diagnostic value of CBCT and digital intraoral radiography for the detection of periodontal defects in the sheep mandible., Methods:: In this in vitro study, 80 periodontal defects including Grades I, II and III furcation involvements, one-, two-, three-wall and trough-like infrabony defects, fenestration and dehiscence were artificially created in the sheep mandible by burr. Intraoral digital radiographs using photostimulable phosphor plates and CBCT scans were obtained. Three periodontists evaluated the images for the presence and type of defects. The results were compared with the gold standard (photographs of the created defects)., Results:: CBCT scans were significantly superior to digital radiographs for the detection of Grade I furcation involvements, three-wall defects, fenestrations and dehiscence (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between CBCT and digital radiography for the detection of Grades II and III furcation involvements, one-wall, two-wall and trough-like defects (p-value > 0.05)., Conclusions:: CBCT was superior to digital intraoral radiography for the detection of Grade I furcation involvements, three-wall defects, dehiscence and fenestrations.

Objectives: This study sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with different voxel sizes and intraoral digital radiography with photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate for detection of periapical (PA) bone lesions., Materials and Methods: In this ex vivo diagnostic study, one-millimeter defects were created in the alveolar sockets of 15 bone blocks, each with two posterior teeth. A no-defect control group was also included. Digital PA radiographs with PSP plates and CBCT scans with 200, 250 and 300μ voxel sizes were obtained. Four observers evaluated the possibility of lesion detection using a 5-point scale. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predicative value (NPV) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane's post hoc test. Kappa and weighted kappa statistics were applied to assess intraobserver and interobserver agreements., Results: Cochrane Q test showed no significant difference between PSP and CBCT imaging modalities in terms of kappa and weighted kappa statistics (P=0.675). The complete sensitivity and complete NPV for 200 and 250 μ voxel sizes were higher than those of 300 μ voxel size and digital radiography (P<0.001). No significant difference was noted in other parameters among other imaging modalities (P=0.403)., Conclusions: The results showed that high-resolution CBCT scans had higher diagnostic accuracy than PSP digital radiography for detection of artificially created PA bone lesions. Voxel size (field of view) must be taken into account to minimize patient radiation dose.