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Pannuti C S (Instituto de Medicine Tropical de Sao Paulo e Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologiado Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas da Unrversidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil), Carvalho R P S, Evans A S, Cenabre L C, Amato Neto V, Camargo M, Angelo M J O and Takimoto S. A prospective clinical study of the mononucleosis syndrome in a developing country. 1980, 9: 349–353. A prospective aetiologic analysis made of 70 children and adults with the clinical and haematologic features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, revealed 65.7% due to EBV (31 heterophile antibody positive (HA+), 15 HA negative (HA - ) cases), 8.6% due to and 4.3% due to CMV. One case was related to viral hepatitis and one to drug hypersensitivity. The other 18.6% were of unknown cause. In the 46 IM cases positive tests were found for EBV/IgM in 93.5%, for heterophile by the absorbed horse Rbc test in 64.2% and by sheep Rbc in 37%. The immune-adherence haemagglutination test was slightly more sensitive than the horse Rbc test in 39 IM sera tested. In 41 EBV/IgM positive sera, EBV/lgA was present in 17/25 containing heterophile antibody and in 2/16 lacking heterophile antibody; anti-EA was present in 85%. The average age of HA + IM cases was 13.2 years and of HA- cases 4.7 years. Three HA + and 5 HA—IM cases occurred in the 0–2 year old age group. Few clinical features differentiated between aetiological agents. Exudative tonsillitis was the most helpful one a.nd occurred in 67.7% of HA + IM cases, 26.7% of HA - cases, in 1 of 3 CMV cases,and not at all in 6 infections. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Estudou-se coorte constituída de uma amostra probabilística (N=468) de crianças menores de 5 anos, residentes em 5 áreas do Município de São Paulo, SP (Brasil), acompanhada durante 1 ano, por meio de entrevistas mensais. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no período de março de 1986 a maio de 1987. Entre as características sociais e econômicas das famílias das crianças estudadas, estão: a) mediana da renda familiar "per capita" de um salário-mínimo da época; b) 29,3% das crianças tinham pais migrantes com tempo médio de fixação no Município de São Paulo de 18,6 anos; c) 40% das famílias utilizavam exclusivamente serviços de saúde públicos ou filantrópicos. Das crianças estudadas, 87,3% eram eutróficas; 94% haviam recebido todas as doses de vacina preconizadas pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações; 90,6% nunca haviam sido internadas em conseqüência de infecção respiratória aguda (IRA). Durante a investigação foram identificados 554 episódios de IRA, com uma duração média de 6,8 dias, e uma incidência de 11,08 episódios por 100 crianças/mês. O grupo etário mais atingido foi o dos menores de 1 ano. Em 36,1% dos casos de IRA identificados, verificaram-se eventos semelhantes no mesmo domicílio, sendo que em 53% desses episódios o caso-índice foi uma criança menor de 6 anos. Quanto ao tipo de atendimento, em 45,7% dos episódios as crianças foram tratadas pelas próprias mães, 6,9% recorreram a farmacêuticos, 46,7% foram atendidas em diferentes tipos de ambulatórios e somente 4 casos (0,7%) necessitaram tratamento hospitalar, com um deles evoluindo para óbito. As medidas terapêuticas mais utilizadas entre os casos que demandaram assistência médica foram a antibioticoterapia e os expectorantes. Alguns fatores socioeconômicos e antecedentes pessoais, tais como condições habitacionais, aglomeração intradomiciliar assim como antecedentes de doenças respiratórias, mostraram-se associados à incidência mais elevada de IRA.

Spiral roots are induced in germinated rice seeds through treatment with nanomolar brassinosteroids (BRs) but not with other plant hormones. Here, we determined the minimum effective concentration (MEC) of various BRs to induce spiral roots in germinated rice seeds. The reciprocal logarithm of MEC, pMEC, was used as the BL-like activity index, which was linearly correlated with the reciprocal logarithm of a 50% effective dose (pED 50 ) as evaluated in the rice lamina inclination assay. Furthermore, a ligand-receptor docking simulation was performed against the BL receptor complex, Arabidopsis thaliana BRI1/SERK1, and the binding free energy (Δ G bind ) was calculated for the tested BRs. The Δ G bind calculation was performed using the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area method on an ensemble of uncorrelated snapshots collected via molecular dynamics to predict biological activity., (© 2023 Pesticide Science Society of Japan.)

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive embolization (PE) of the lumbar arteries (LAs) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) (PELI) for preventing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) enlargement associated with type 2 endoleak (T2EL)., Material and Methods: Patients who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) between January 2015 and December 2020 were classified into the control (without PE), IMA (PE of a patent IMA with a diameter ≥2.5 mm), and PELI (PE of patent LAs with a diameter ≥2 mm and IMA) groups. The rate of freedom from AAA enlargement following EVAR (enlargement ≥5 mm from pre-EVAR) was compared using the log-rank test. The prevalence of T2EL at 6 months and 1 year after EVAR was compared using Fisher's exact test., Results: The cumulative rates of freedom from AAA enlargement at 54 months after EVAR (maximum observational period in the PELI group) were as follows: control group, 77.5%; IMA group, 62.5%; and PELI group, 100%. The mean CT follow-up periods of the control, IMA, and PELI groups were 46.4 ± 22.3, 31.1 ± 20.6, and 22.9 ± 15.5 months, respectively. None of the 31 patients in the PELI group experienced AAA enlargement after EVAR, whereas 2 out of the 16 patients in the IMA group and 20 out of the 98 patients in the control group had AAA enlargement. No significant differences were observed in the rate of freedom from AAA enlargement (PELI group vs. IMA group, P = 0.11; PELI group vs. control group, P = 0.11). The prevalence of T2EL was significantly lower in the PELI group than in the control group at 6 months (13.6% in PELI group vs. 42.1% in control group, P = 0.02) and 1 year (14.3% in PELI group vs. 40.0% in control group, P = 0.04)., Conclusions: PELI was significantly associated with a low prevalence of T2EL and may prevent T2EL-associated AAA enlargement., Competing Interests: None, (© 2023 Japanese Society of Interventional Radiology.)

The allene functional group in natural products isolated so far exists in a non-racemic form, but its axial chirality is difficult to elucidate. Allenes exhibit a characteristic antisymmetric CCC stretching mode at around 1950 cm -1 , and their VCD properties have not been studied in detail. This work, for the first time, applied VCD spectroscopy to allenic natural products and allenic molecules with other asymmetric centers focusing on the antisymmetric CCC stretching mode. This vibrational mode yielded a negligibly weak VCD signal for several molecules, but in the presence of electron-withdrawing and/or conjugating substituents, it generated a stronger one. Its sign was found to be influenced by the nature of substituents. These findings should deepen the understanding of the VCD properties of the allene functional group and should be useful for future studies of chiral allenes.

Introduction: This study addressed deficient information on the provision of infertility care in obstetrics and gynecology clinics. We additionally evaluated the availability of these services based on clinic affiliations or stated sexual orientation., Methodology: We performed a national cross-sectional "mystery caller" survey of 293 general obstetrics and gynecology clinics in 2017-2018. We matched clinics identified by web-based search engine in a 1:1 ratio by Catholic hospital affiliation, after determining number of clinics based on state-population densities. A standard call script included questions regarding provision of infertility services, ovulation induction methods, and information about the caller's sexual orientation. We performed descriptive frequencies and compared responses based on hospital affiliations., Results: Of the 293 clinics included, 49% were affiliated with Catholic and 17% with academic hospitals. The majority offered infertility care (85%, 248/293), and of these 97% (240/248) offered ovulation induction. Only 3% (6/240) reported they would not provide to women in same-sex relationships. Most clinics not offering infertility evaluations (43/45, 96%) cited it was outside of their scope of care and of these 33% (15/45) did not provide information for self-referral. Clinics affiliated with academic (aOR 0.23) or Catholic (aOR 0.34) hospitals were less likely to provide evaluations. Those with academic affiliation were more likely to provide information for self-referral (aOR 19.2)., Discussion: Most general obstetrics and gynecology practices offered appointments for infertility evaluation and ovulation induction. Clinics rarely denied services to women reporting a same-sex partnership, regardless of hospital affiliation. These findings provide reassurance to same-sex couples seeking fertility care., (© 2022 University of Ottawa.)

Brassinolide (BL) is a possible plant growth regulator in agriculture, but the presence of a steroid skeleton hampers the field application of BL in agriculture because of its high synthetic cost. We discovered NSBR1 as the first nonsteroidal BL-like compound using in silico technology. Searching for more potent BL-like compounds, we modified the structure of NSBR1 with respect to 2 benzene rings and the piperazine ring. The activity of synthesized compounds was measured in Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation. The propyl group of butyryl moiety of NSBR1 was changed to various alkyl groups, such as straight, branched, and cyclic alkyl chains. Another substituent, F, at the ortho position of the B ring toward the piperazine ring was changed to other substituents. A methyl group was introduced to the piperazine ring. Most of the newly synthesized compounds with the 3,4-(OH)2 group at the A ring significantly elongated the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry.)

Optical clearing (OC) of adipose tissue has not been studied enough, although it can be promising in medical applications, including surgery and cosmetology, for example, to visualize blood vessels or increase the permeability of tissues to laser beams. The main objective of this work is to develop technology for OC of abdominal adipose tissue in vivo using hyperosmotic optical clearing agents (OCAs). The maximum OC effect (77%) was observed for ex vivo rat adipose tissue samples exposed to OCA on fructose basis for 90 minutes. For in vivo studies, the maximum effect of OC (65%) was observed when using OCA based on diatrizoic acid and dimethylsulfoxide for 120 minutes. Histological analysis showed that in vivo application of OCAs may induce a limited local necrosis of fat cells. The efficiency of OC correlated with local tissue damage through cell necrosis due to accompanied cell lipolysis., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)