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Objectives:  This randomized, controlled, single-blind, split-mouth clinical study evaluated the effect of the application of a glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer on the prevention of tooth sensitivity (TS) and the changes in the color of the teeth after bleaching., Materials and Methods:  Twenty-five patients were selected for participation in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients' right and left hemiarches were randomized into two groups: the placebo group, which received distilled water application and whitening treatment, and the Gluma group, which received Gluma application, followed by whitening treatment. The patients were examined after three bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide. TS was measured using a numerical rating scale for 21 days from the beginning of bleaching. The tooth color was monitored using a spectrophotometer at times T0 (baseline) and T1 (after 21 days). The color analysis results were recorded using the CieLab system; the CIEDE2000 formula was applied to obtain the ΔE 00 and ΔL values., Statistical Analysis:  For statistical analysis, the Friedman analysis of variance test was used for intragroup evaluation, and the Wilcoxon test was used for a between-group comparison of the TS results. Student's t -test paired the ΔE 00 and ΔL values of the groups. A 5% significance level was adopted., Results:  Intragroup analysis of the sensitivity results showed a statistically significant difference between the pain levels evaluated through days 1 to 21 ( p  < 0.001), and the highest median values were observed on the days when the whitening sessions were performed (days 1, 8, and 15) and right after the sessions (days 2, 9, and 16). However, in the intergroup analysis, no statistical difference in sensitivity was found between the placebo and Gluma. No statistical difference was found between the influences of the placebo and Gluma treatments on the color obtained after tooth whitening using parameters ᐃE 00 and ᐃL ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusion:  The use of Gluma prior to bleaching does not prevent TS and does not interfere with the color results obtained by tooth bleaching., Competing Interests: None declared., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)

Background: The photo-acceleration of bleaching gels by lights has been extensively researched. However, the induced temperature increase during this process needs to be further evaluated to prevent damage to the dental pulp. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the surface and intrapulpal temperature kinetics of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels photo-accelerated by blue or violet light and infrared laser., Methods: The whitening gels at concentrations of HP35, HP15, and HP6 % were irradiated with blue and violet LED/laser on the surface of a human canine tooth. The surface temperature variation (∆Ts) was evaluated using a pH meter, while the intrapulpal temperature variation (∆Ti) was assessed using a digital thermometer at intervals of 1, 15, and 30 min. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Two-way repeated measures ANOVA test, and Bonferroni post-test was applied at a significance level of 5 %., Results: All violet LED photo-accelerated groups showed a higher increase in ∆Ts compared to the blue LED/laser groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups for ∆Ti., Conclusion: Although the photo-acceleration of HP35 and HP15 % gels with violet LED/laser has a greater increase in surface temperature compared to HP6 % gel, the different light systems do not significantly increase the intrapulpal temperature., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no any conflict of interest in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study assessed whether combining photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) paste can effectively reduce post-home whitening tooth sensitivity (TS) without compromising shade change., Methods: Fifty participants were selected and assigned to one of four groups: (1) PLACEBO group-received a placebo paste and PBMT simulation; (2) PBMT group-received a placebo paste + PBMT; (3) CPP-ACPF group-received CPP-ACPF paste and PBMT simulation; (4) CPP-ACPF + PBMT group-received both CPP-ACPF paste and PBMT. The participants used whitening trays containing 22% carbamide peroxide for 2 h a day for 21 days. TS was measured daily using a visual analog scale, while shade change was assessed using a spectrophotometer: before bleaching treatment (T0), after the first (T1), second (T2), and third (T3) weeks of treatment, and 30 days (T4) after completing the whitening treatment., Results: Intragroup analysis revealed that the PLACEBO group had the highest increase in sensitivity during the whitening treatment. The CPP-ACPF and PBMT groups showed no significant difference tooth whitening (TW) between weeks regarding aesthetic change. The CPP-ACPF and PBMT group exhibited a significant reduction in TS between the first and third and between the second and third weeks TW, but not between the first and second. Conversely, the PLACEBO group showed a higher sensitivity than the other groups (p < .05). The CPP-ACPF and PBMT groups did not differ from each other. Furthermore, the CPP-ACPF and PBMT group showed a greater decrease in sensitivity than the PLACEBO group at T1, T2, and T3 (p < .01), and was significantly differed from CPP-ACPF and PBMT groups only at T2 and T3. All groups confirmed TW effectiveness. Student's and paired t-test did not reveal any significant difference between groups (p > .05)., Conclusion: Therefore, PBMT associated with CPP-ACPF paste can reduce TS without compromising the efficacy of TW., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: Perform a systematic review to evaluate the influence of smoking on the effectiveness of tooth whitening (TW) and to analyze whether tooth sensitivity is different between smokers and non-smokers., Materials and Methods: A systematic review modeled according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and OpenGrey databases were searched for related clinical trials. The population, exposure, comparison, outcomes (PECO) was individuals who had TW performed, smoking individuals, non-smoking individuals, and effectiveness of TW, respectively. Risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool, and data from included studies were extracted by two researchers independently. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) approach., Results: Five studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The ROBINS-I tool classified 3 studies as having a moderate risk of bias, one study as having a serious risk of bias, and one with a critical risk. GRADE performed only for color change results and showed a low certainty of evidence. Limited evidence suggests that effectiveness of TW between smokers and non-smokers is similar. The tooth sensitivity also does not seem to be influenced by smoking. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, a meta-analysis could not be performed., Conclusions: Effectiveness of TW between smokers and non-smokers is comparable. The tooth sensitivity also does not seem to be influenced by smoking., Clinical Relevance: The effectiveness of bleaching among smokers and non-smokers appears to be similar. Tooth sensitivity during TW also appears not to be influenced by smoking., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: This clinical trial evaluated the effect of 1.5% potassium oxalate (PO) in controlling sensitivity and color change after at-home tooth whitening. It also evaluated the influence of PO on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the degree of patient satisfaction after bleaching treatment., Materials and Methods: Fifty volunteers were randomized into two groups (n = 25): At-home bleaching gel with 22% carbamide peroxide for 45 min + placebo gel (GP) or 1.5% PO (GPO) for 10 min. The intensity of tooth sensitivity was assessed daily through the visual analog scale. The color analysis was performed three times: baseline, 21 days, and 1 month after the last application of the whitening gel. The impact of the oral condition on the patient's quality of life (OIDP) was used to measure the impact caused by the whitening treatment in relation to the individuals' ability to carry out their daily activities and its influence on HRQOL., Results: No difference in tooth sensitivity was observed (p > 0.05). In addition, there was no difference in color change between groups (p > 0.05). However, there was an intragroup statistical difference throughout the evaluation period (p <0.05). The OIDP analysis showed a statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05) and there was no difference between the groups regarding the degree of satisfaction with the bleaching (p > 0.05)., Conclusions: The 1.5% PO was effective in preventing sensitivity and did not interfere with tooth whitening. Desensitizing therapy had a positive impact on quality of life and patient satisfaction., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2022 Oliveira Barros et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)