Search

The complications of orthognathic surgery may include but are not limited to postoperative unexpected bleeding, abnormal fractures, infections, and nerve damages. Peripheral facial palsy is rare. We report a case of 23-year-old woman with signs of malocclusion, including pectus excavatum, wrist sign, and thumb sign for Marfan syndrome (MFS) underwent peripheral facial palsy after orthognathic surgery with mandibular advancement. Because cardiovascular, thoracic, and ocular abnormalities were absent, she was suspected of having MFS but not definitively diagnosed. On the other hand, she was diagnosed with a maxillary protrusion with mandibular retrognathism. After presurgical orthodontic treatment, we performed Le Fort I osteotomy and 8 mm advancement by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Because the periosteum is vulnerable, we checked the bleeding more are fully and frequently during the operation than usual. The day after the operation, peripheral facial palsy with inability to wrinkle the forehead, blink, and grimace were found. The patient was administered mecobalamin, linear polarized infrared irradiation, and stellate ganglion blocks. The patient was also administered valacyclovir for 6 days and steroid pulse therapy for 7 days. Six months after the operation, the facial palsy had disappeared completely. In 58 previous reports, the facial palsy was induced by the reasons, including the operative procedure, postoperative hematoma, edema, perioperative stress, and tissue vulnerability. In the present case, because of the suspected MFS, tissue vulnerability was considered to be one of the major cause of facial palsy, which should be paid attention more carefully in addition to general causes.

New well-lubricated ILs including ammonium sulfonate having a long alkyl chain have been developed. The materials based on ammonium sulfonate have a higher ΔpKa between the Bronsted acid and the Bronsted base of the salts and do not decompose even at 300 °C, making them more thermally stable than the perfluoropolyether (PFPE). Therefore, octadecyl ammonium sulfonates have a lower frictional coefficient on the carbon overcoat film even after heat treatment at high temperatures. The ILs are adsorbed on the media surface with high orientation. The alkyl chains of the C16 and C18 sulfonates in the bulk have a trans conformation, nevertheless, the films have a gauche conformation. A sufficient length of the hydrocarbon chain leads to both macro and micro-friction reductions. Dimethyl ammonium sulfonate has sufficient solubility in fluorinated solvent, which may make commercial applications possible.

Nanocomposite films of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared by loading four variations of fullerenes such as pristine C60, multiarylated [60]fullerenes with tolyl (tolyl-C60) and phenol groups (phenol-C60), and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The TGA analysis showed no appreciable change in their thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities for PS/tolyl-C60 and PS/phenol-C60 films, but significant improvement up to +45°C for PS/C60 and PS/PCBM films even under air. The thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA/phenol-C60 and PMMA/PCBM, however, exhibited slightly larger improvements over that of PMMA/C60. We believe that the radical-scavenging ability of π-conjugative fullerenes and the dispersibility of fullerene–polymer combinations play key roles in these enhancements. We also found that optimal loading occurred at a relatively low content of fullerenes (0.4–0.8 wt%) probably because larger amounts may interfere with the morphological interaction of polymer chains which is essential for the thermal persistency of polymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

A numerical model to calculate inter-layer current distributions and AC losses in tri-axial multi-layer three-phase cable conductors was developed. The numerical model was applied to the two-layer/phase tri-axial cables with several combinations of twist pitch and twist direction to investigate the influence of the cable twist configuration on the inter-layer current distribution and the AC loss under three-phase AC operation. From the numerical results, the twist pitch combinations to equalize the inter-layer current distribution could be found. The numerical results also showed that the AC loss can be much reduced by equalizing the inter-layer current distribution. It was also notable that the AC losses in the cables with different twist configurations were different, although the inter-layer current distribution was equalized. For the cable design, it is necessary to select proper twist configuration considering both equalization of current distribution and minimization of AC loss together.

An overview of the current status of the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope constructed and operated at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is presented. The basic design concept and the verified performance of the telescope system are described. Also given are the status of the instrument package offered to the astronomical community, the status of operation, and some of the future plans. The status of the telescope reported in a number of SPIE papers as of the summer of 2002 are incorporated with some updates included as of 2004 February. However, readers are encouraged to check the most updated status of the telescope through the home page, http://subarutelescope.org/index.html, and/or the direct contact with the observatory staff., Comment: 18 pages (17 pages in published version), 29 figures (GIF format), This is the version before the galley proof

Facile transformation of 7,14-dihydroxy-ent-kaurenes such as excisanin A (8), kamebanin (9), and kamebakaurin (10), which are abundant in plants of the genus Rabdosia species (Labiatae), to ent-abietanes was accomplished under the Mitsunobu reaction conditions. The δ, e-unsaturated cis-fused α-methylene γ-lactones (17, 18, and 25) thus prepared showed a moderate cytotoxic activity on P388 murine leukemia cells.

A SX Phe-type pulsating variable KZ Hya (HD94033) was observed with CCD set attached to the 45-cm reflector at Asuncion Astronomical Observatory in Paraguay. In the present work, 12 maximum phases were covered. A new ephemeris has been obtained, and the result suggests a probable change of the pulsation period of KZ Hya.

We present high spatial resolution images of the gravitational-lens system PG 1115+080 taken with the near-infrared camera (CISCO) on the Subaru telescope. The FWHM of the combined image is $0.''32$ in the $K'$-band, yielding spatial resolution of $0.''14$ after a deconvolution procedure. This is a first detection of an extended emission adjacent to the A1/A2 components, indicating the presence of a fairly bright emission region with a characteristic angular radius of $\sim$ 5 mas (40 pc). The near-infrared image of the Einstein ring was extracted in both the $J$ and $K'$ bands. The $J-K'$ color is found to be significantly redder than that of a synthetic model galaxy with an age of 3 Gyr, the age of the universe at the quasar redshift., 11 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in PASJ(2000)

This is a report on a method of sheet plasma production using a TP-D plasma source, which includes a detailed description of the machine. A sheet plasma is a magnetized plasma whose thickness is approximately equal to the mean ion cyclotron diameter. By this method it is possible to produce a steady-state sheet plasma characterized by its large density, high degree of ionization, and high spatial uniformity. The major conditions required for ensuring the proper operation for the machine are (1) to keep the working gas pressure high so far as circumstances permit, (2) to confine the discharge to extending only over the path between the cathode and the rim of the anode slit, (3) to prevent ions attracted to the cathode from concentrating in a limited area of the cathode, and (4) to accumplish coincidence of the central axis of the discharge path through the anode and floating-electrode system and the axis of the magnetic field. In an argon sheet plasma produced by this method, we obtained an electron temperature of about 10 eV and an electron density of the order of 10 12 cm −3 for discharge currents in the range of 5 to 20 A. It has been confirmed that the sheet plasma can be regarded as a very thin boundary-like plasma, in which the plasma space potential is far lower around the midplane of the plasma than on the boundary and a sharp potential well is formed.

The characterization of partially hydrogenated poly(p-vinylphenol)s was carried out. By hydrogenation, oxidized sites of the polymers such as quinoid were reduced and the phenolic moiety was converted to cyclohexanolic structure. Accompanied with the structural changes, light transmittance was improved in a wide range of wavelength from visible to the deep-UV region. As the degree of hydrogenation increased, the alkali dissolution rate decreased, while the polymers showed very constant glass transition temperatures and etch durabilities to CF4/O2 plasma. These properties of hydrogenated poly(p-vinylphenol)s are considered to be suitable for a variety of photosensitive applications, especially photoresist materials for microlithography under deep-UV exposure.

An ion cyclotron resonance scheme can be utilized to separate different masses in a string-plasma. A string-plasma is a magnetized filamentary plasma whose radius is equal to or less than the ion Larmor radius. We have recently succeeded in producing such a plasma by utilizing a TP-D discharge apparatus. Our analysis has revealed that the movements of the majority of ion guiding centers in a steady-state string-plasma are restricted in the vicinity of the axis of the plasma column. This situation can be viewed that the ions are trapped in a radial electric-potential-well which is a result of the charge separation between an electron “string” confined along an axial magnetic field and the ions themselves gyrating around this electron string. One can consider the string-plasma as a “boundary-like” plasma that still preserves an overall charge neutrality.The peculiar properties of this string-plasma can be useful for various interesting applications especially in materials science. In particular, a mass separation technique using a string-plasma is described. A set of rf electrodes are placed in such a way that they can produce a rotating (in the direction of ion gyration) electric field in the string-plasma, resulting in the efficient selective energyzation of resonant ions (whose cyclotron frequency matches the rf frequency). The essential point is that resonant and nonresonant ions can be physically well separated since all ions are gyrating around the same axis, one of the important features of the string-plasma. This allows one to easily separate different mass species using a simple device. An impurity species can be selected as a resonant species. Applying the ion-cyclotron-resonance mass-separation technique several times along the string-plasma, undesirable ion species can be eliminated from the plasma. Consequently, it becomes possible to produce an impurity-free, low-energy ion beam or a plasma stream.

The effect of space potential well in sheet plasma on the resonance condition in isotope separation by means of ion cyclotron resonance method is elucidated numerically by computer simulation. It is found that the resonance frequency and minimum rf peak electric field increase monotonously with the increase of peak space potential well of sheet plasma.

We describe the silver coating of 1.3-m secondary nirror being used for infrared observations at Subaru Telescope. This was the first successful in-house runof silve coating on thelarge moern astronimical mirror. Silver was desposited over the chromium bondange layer, using a 1.6-m vacuum coating chamber at the Advanced technology Center of the National Astronomical Obervatoryof Japan in March 1998. The reflectnc eand scatter performnce are measured by micrScan at 670 nm and 1300 nm. Monitor over 17 month shows the silve coated mirror continues to maintain high refleciton.

An engineering model has been built for a space-borne 640- GHz SIS receiver. It is the key component of Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder, which is to be operated aboard the Japanese Experiment Module of the International Space Station in 2005. The receiver includes two Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) mixers cooled at 4.5 K, as well as four High-Electron-Mobility- Transistor (HEMT) amplifiers, two of which cooled at 20 K and the other two at 100 K. These components are integrated in a compact cryostat with two-stage Stirling and Joule- Thomson refrigerators. The receiver components has been successfully cooled and the cryostat has survived random vibration tests. The 640-GHz SIS mixer, which uses a pair of Nb/AlOx/Nb junctions connected in parallel, is built so that a broad RF matching be achieved without mechanical tuners. It is followed by cooled low noise HEMT amplifiers with a noise temperature of less than 17 K. The total receiver noise temperature has been measured around 180 - 220 K over the bandwidth of 5.5 GHz.

After the initial coating of the 8.3-m primary mirror of the Subaru Telescope in November 1998, we have conducted the first re-aluminization in August 1999. The primary mirror washing fixture worked efficiently for stripping the old coating and for washing the surface. Dry process is still to be improved. Suite of secondary and tertiary mirrors are being tested at the telescope, two of which were coated in- house, one in silver for the infrared observations and the other in aluminum for the optical observations, respectively. Evaluation of the coating film is conducted in two methods. Using a portable microScan, the reflectivity and the BRDF numbers of the primary mirror is monitored. Reflectivity over a wide range of the wavelength is measured in the witness mirrors. The preliminary data shows reasonably good number for the telescope optics. The in-situ cleaning of the primary mirror with solid and gaseous CO2 sprinkle arms is operating once every month. Next step for the coating chamber commissioning is to improve the heating capacity for silver coating of the infrared secondary and tertiary mirrors, and the experiment for silver coating is going.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The CIAX system especially CIAX-3 increased observation efficiency for Cassegrain test instruments at the early phase of Subaru telescope test observation. In order to control this system effectively and automatically, a control software for the entire system of the CIAX was developed. The software design goals are (1) redundancy for robust system, (2) the safety of the instrument by interlocking, (3) maximum efficiency by automatic control and (4) easy user interface for operator. In this paper, we describe the software which has been being tested through the telescope and instrument commissioning phase.

The Cassegrain Instrument Automatic eXchanger (CIAX) system for the 8.2 meter Subaru Telescope moves instruments between the Cassegrain mounting flange and stand-by flanges without manual intervention. Observation efficiency improves not only because of quick exchanges, scheduled or emergency, but also because of increased flexibility in selecting an optimum instrument for weather conditions or observation goals. Reliable and safer instrument exchanges are achieved by the precision mechanical positioning system (less than 0.5 mm) and an automatic connector system for electrical cables, optical fibers and fluid lines. Instrument down time due to connector/cable failure by human error is eliminated. Interfaces to the telescope flange are standardized for all five Cassegrain instruments (approximately 2000 kgf each) currently in use or under preparation.

We have conducted a series of coating experiments using the newly installed 1.6 m evaporation chamber at the Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. The main task of this chamber is to re-aluminize the 1.6 m mirror of the Infrared Simulator at the ATC. The design concept of the 1.6 m chamber is basically the same with the 8.3 m coating facility for Subaru Telescope. Therefore, we could utilize this chamber to evaluate the fundamental performance of the larger chamber. The extensive coating experiments were done in the spring, autumn of 1996, and autumn of 1997. Reduction of the number of the filaments has lead to the increase in their size, which caused difficulty in the annealing process. Attempts are focused on securing the sufficient metal loads on the filaments. Then the filaments are fired to measure the spray pattern of a single filament exposure, or the uniformity pattern resulted from the full setup of filament arrays. Using small slide glasses, the important parameters of the resultant reflecting film that are the thickness, the uniformity of the thickness, and the spectroscopic reflectance are measured. The absolute value of the reflectivity is estimated to be around 91% immediately after opening the chamber. In order to cover a wide range of observing wavelengths for the Infrared Simulator, and eventually for the optical-IR Subaru Telescope, it is necessary to seek after a higher evaporation rate with these chambers.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

On-shop test erection has been carried out at the Hitachi Zosen factory in Osaka since 1996. The purpose of this on- shop erection is to check and adjust the sizes of parts, to minimize the assembling errors, to test the telescope drive and active support system of the primary mirror, and to review the processes of final assembling. The alt-azimuth Subaru telescope structure weighting 500 ton is supported by six hydrostatic oil-film pads and is driven successfully by direct drive. The additional test for the instrument rotator drives, cable wrappers, and other were also carried out. We report the preliminary results of the control efficiency.

We adopt the hierarchy structure for the telescope control system of the Subaru Telescope. The system is made up of a TSC, three TWSs, three DCMOMs, three MLPs, and many LCUs. All devices are connected through local network each other.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

The rotational part of the enclosure of SUBARU telescope (Japan National Large Telescope, or JNLT) is under the fabrication in Canada, and on-site erection is scheduled to take place in May, 1994, with the expected completion in the third quarter of 1995. The enclosure is featured with various design consideration for a better seeing performance, a better wind buffet performance, and good operability and maintainability. This paper describes the major design consideration behind the final shape and function of the enclosure and the current status of its fabrication.

The SUBARU telescope requires high image quality. To achieve this high image quality, the structure of high stiffness has been designed. Main drive system of high smoothness using direct drive motor of very low cogging torque and secondary drive system of high accuracy using unique mechanism configuration have been developed and tested. This paper describes the design of the structure and drive systems and the test results of the drive system.

Radial potential profiles in string-plasma which is a similar to boundary plasma drastically change for variable conditions of the both end electrodes. It is cleary observed that this depth of the potential well, Δϕ p , depends on types of the materials with both end plasma region, such as grounded metal or ceramics for target and coated or uncoated with insulator for the wall of anode. When the grounded metal target and the wall of anode are used, the Δϕ p is quite deep. The value of Δϕ p is very small for the case of the ceramics target and the insulator-coated anode.

The Japanese National Large Telescope (JNLT) will use a thin meniscus mirror of 7.5 m diameter and 0.2 m thickness as a primary mirror. One of the biggest concerns is mirror deflection due to dome-inside wind loading, which varies with time not only in its pressure amplitude but also in its pressure profile on the mirror surface. To analyze such mirror deflection, a method combining modal analysis and random vibration analysis was introduced. From the rms mirror deflection obtained by this method, the image quality degradation is considered to be better than that budgeted as wind loading degradation. Information about the method and typical result of the analysis are presented.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

An engineering prototype with a 62 cm thin meniscus mirror to investigate the practical problems of the JNLT active optics system has been constructed. The structure and the performance of the prototype and the basis for the control algorithms are described. The stiffness of the mirror and the purity of figure control for the correction of lower order Zernike modes were measured for this system. The results of experiments to control the surface figure of the mirror under varying elevation angle of the telescope or under external force load are reported. The thermal effects on this system were also evaluated.

In this paper, we mainly investigate the origin and impact of an anomalous peak observed on the intermediate frequency (IF) response of some 600 GHz Nb superconductor-isolator-superconductor (SIS) mixers. The dependences of the IF peak on temperature and magnetic field are studied to verify its Josephson-junction-like behavior. The cross sections of two SIS junction samples are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy to locate this parasitic Josephson weak link. Five different junction samples are measured to determine the impact of the Josephson weak link on the mixer performance. Finally, an equivalent circuit model is proposed to explain its behavior.

A damping coefficient control device, for use in a vibration damper of the type which is disposed between a vibration source and a vibration receiving section to be isolated from the vibration of the vibration source and which has a plurality of small liquid chambers charged with an electrorheologic fluid and communicated through an orifice, includes electrodes disposed in the orifice to receive a voltage which is suitably controlled so as to cause a change in the viscosity of the electrorheologic fluid, thereby controlling the damping coefficient provided by the fluid. The damping coefficient control device has sensors for sensing the velocities of the vibration source and the vibration receiving section. When the direction of the velocity of the vibration receiving section is the same as the direction of the relative velocity of the vibration receiving section relative to the vibration source, the voltage applied to the electrodes is controlled such as to increase the damping coefficient provided by the electrorheologic fluid, whereas, when these directions are different, the voltage is controlled such as to decrease the damping coefficient. This arrangement enables the vibrations of different frequencies to be damped without any risk that resonance will occur.

A number of ultraviolet-excess galaxies have been detected during the course of our surveys using the Kiso Schmidt telescope. In this report, a classification scheme is proposed for 142 selected objects on the basis of their morphological features, and the relation between the morphological type and the degree of ultraviolet-excess is presented. In general irregular galaxies with conspicuous H II regions and pair galaxies tend to show higher degree of ultraviolet-excess, while the degree in spiral galaxies appears to range widely.

Ovarian imaginal discs prepared from fifth-instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori were treated with graded concentrations of glycerol, cooled at a rate of 1°C/min to −35°C and preserved in liquid nitrogen for 2 days or more and then rapidly thawed (500°C/min). The frozen and thawed ovaries were transplanted into fifth-instar female larvae, in which more than 20% of the ovaries developed to produce mature eggs with a chorion according to the state of host development. By parthenogenetic activation, the mature eggs started embryogenesis and hatched to produce larvae. About 50% hatching occurred in the eggs developed in a C 108 × Cambodge host, and about 10% in a C 108 × Aojuku host. The hatched larvae completed post-embryonic development as did the normal larvae.

Gastrointestinal absorption characteristics of drugs in lipid-containing oral dosage forms were studied in rats. A new antiinflammatory agent 1-cyclopropyl-4-phenyl-6-chlor-2 (1H)-quinazolinone (SL-512) was selected as a model of hardly water soluble drugs. Medium chain triglyceride (MCT), medium chain monoglyceride (MCM), and corn oil were used as models of well-digestible lipids, and N-α-methylbenzyllinoleamide (MBLA) for that of hardlydigestible ones. Absorption of orally dosed SL-512 strongly depended on the dose volume of lipid vehicles. Larger volume of lipids (≤100 mcl/rat) delayed absorption of SL-512 due to larger remaining of SL-512 both in the stomach and in the intestine. The gastric retension was also affected by the fluidity of lipids employed. In smaller volume of lipids (5-20 mcl/rat), which has not been examined in previous papers in spite of its compatibility to human clinical dose volume, the amount of intestinal remaining was much less than that of gastric remaining of the preparation. In experiments designed to minimize intestinal remaining of SL-512, serum level of the drug calculated by using gastric emptying rate instead of absorption rate was found to be in good accordance with that of experimental value.

An ultraviolet-excess galaxy Markarian 313 (NGC 7465), which consists of a multiple system with NGC 7463 and NGC 7464, is studied using the low- and high-resolution optical spectrum. Emission lines of Hα, Hβ, [NII], and [OIII] have conspicuous blueward asymmetrical wings or blue slanted profiles in the spectrum of the nuclear region of the galaxy. The width of these emission lines is as broad as ∼600 km s−1 at the zero-intensity level, and the velocity difference between the narrow and broad components is estimated at around 80 km s−1 from the two-component Gaussian profile fitting. This fact could be an evidence of a large-scale dynamical motion in or surrounding the nuclear region of the galaxy, implying that it bears an intermediate characteristic between a Seyfert and a starburst galaxy.

A novel method for evaluation of oral lipid formulation in rats, which enabled us to reduce the dose level to 2 mcl/rat with satisfactory acuracy, was presented. The dose level was fairly comparable to that of clinical unit dose such as a soft capsule on mcl/kg (lipid dose/body weight) basis. By using this method, lipid-containing oral dosage forms were evaluated. A new antiinflammatory agent 1-cyclopropyl-4-phenyl-6-chlor-2(1H)-quinazolinone (SL-512) was selected as a model of poorly water soluble drug. A medium chain triglyceride was mostly used as a lipid vehicle. It was demonstrated that the characteristics of the lipid formulation could be estimated by measuring the gastric emptying rate of the drug or sometime combined with the intestinal remaining of the drug in rats. These results basically consisted of those obtained from 20 mcl/rat dosing experiments previously reported. It was newly found that by reducing the dose level to 2 mcl/rat, the drug absorption was less affected by the dosage form factors such as the drug concentration in the preparation or the digestibility of lipid vehicle. It was also shown by this method that compared with an aqueous suspension, the drug absorption of the lipid formulation was less variable and less affected by the concomitant food intake.

The correlation between the dissolution rate and bioavailability of griseofulvin tablets was studied in stomach-emptying-controlled rabbits and in humans. Three different test tablets, each consisting of two dose levels (62.5 or 125 mg) of griseofulvin, were used. The dissolution rates in 0.5 hr were approximately 75, 40, and 12%. With oral administration at 62.5 mg/rabbit, the ratio of peak plasma level, Cmax, was 1.00:0.66:0.40 and that of the area under the curve (AUC) was 1.00:0.73:0.46 for the three tablets. The corresponding C'max ratio was 1.00:0.74:0.34 and the AUC ratio was 1.00:0.72:0.33 in humans at the dose level of 500 mg. A good correlation was observed for the rank order of Cmax and AUC between rabbits and humans, but such a correlation was not seen between in vivo data and in vitro data at a larger dose of 125 mg/rabbit. This finding was attributable to the dose, which exceeded the GI drug dissolution or absorption capacities. These results suggest that the stomach-emptying-controlled rabbit is useful for evaluating oral dosage forms for human use and that dose level selection is important in the bioavailability study of a barely water-soluble drug.

A strongly magnetized slab plasma with a thickness as thin as the mean ion Larmor diameter, or a sheet plasma, has been successfully produced using a TP-D type plasma source with rectangular magnetic coils and discharge electrodes. The technique of sheet plasma production is described in detail. Applications of sheet plasmas to various fields of science and technology are listed.