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Resistive wall mode control coils (RWMCs) will be installed in the vacuum vessel of JT-60SA. Since 200 °C baking of vacuum vessel on JT-60SA is performed to remove the impurity in the plasma facing components, in-vessel components must be made with heat-resistant materials such as metal and ceramic or must be cooled with water. We looked for the heat-resistant organic insulator for JT-60SA RWMC and performed the heat resistant test for several resins. However, no resin passed the test (Sukegawa et al., 2015). We again performed the heat resistant test of several organic insulator in the circumstances without air and finally found that the some Bismaleimide–Triazine (BT) resin has enough heat resistance without air. We designed the eight-turn RWMC with the BT resin. Based on this design, the specification of RWMC and power supply requirement are decided. For the design of RWMC, the finite element (FEM) analysis of electromagnetic force during disruption and thermal stress during baking and operation were performed. Manufacturing of the RWMC has already launched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruption simulations with DINA code are performed for JT-60SA design. The simulation results have been applied for the design of many components, not only for the vacuum vessel and in-vessel components, but also for peripheral components. For instance, for the design of in-vessel coils, stabilizing plate and magnetic sensors, EM force induced by halo current and eddy current at disruption were calculated. For design of poloidal field (PF) coils, the power supply of PF coils and refrigerator system for super conducting coils, eddy current of PF coils and AC loss of superconducting coils were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain information for control of JT-60SA plasma and physics research on the plasma, many types of magnetic sensors are developed. We have designed a new architecture of magnetic sensors and connection methods for JT-60SA taking installation and maintenance into account. The former include a newly designed Mirnov coil, a Rogowski coil and a diamagnetic loop. They enable us to make simple and robust sensors. The latter include a newly developed connector between a sensor and a mineral insulation cable, and a connection box. An unsealed connection box enables easy installation in a vacuum vessel; however, it should have a withstand voltage greater than 1 kV at intermediate gas pressures. We successfully achieved a high withstand voltage for the unsealed connection box in the gas pressure region around the Paschen minimum voltage. After R&D of JT-60SA magnetic sensors, almost all manufacturing steps are complete. This paper reports the manufacturing and tests of the magnetic sensors for JT-60SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a high time resolution time-of-flight (TOF) detector that detects the Cherenkov light emitted when an RI beam passes through a high refractive index glass. 58Ni and 132Xe beams of energies of 200A-500AMeV and secondary beams produced with those beams have been used for the test of the Cherenkov detectors. The time resolution of σ = 5 ps with the inclusion of system resolution has been achieved with a 420AMeV 132Xe beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed in-vessel coils for a correction of magnetic error fields in JT-60SA. In order to design the in-vessel coils, namely, error field correction coils (EFCCs), error fields from several sources such as manufacturing and assembly errors of superconducting coils are calculated by Monte-Carlo approach. Required EFCC currents to correct error fields are evaluated by a least square method. Additionally, by the field line tracing, it is found that resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) by the EFCC enable to produce stochastic magnetic structures at the edge region, that is applicable to an ELM control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

JT-60SA has been designed and is being constructed to demonstrate and develop steady-state high-beta operation. Resistive wall mode (RWM) control, error field correction, and edge-localized mode (ELM) control will be performed using in-vessel coils. For these controls, we have developed a biaxial magnetic sensor to determine 3D magnetic configuration of the plasma. Moreover, for obtaining basic information about JT-60SA plasma, magnetic sensors, in particular, one-turn loops, Rogowski coils, diamagnetic loops, and saddle coils have been developed. Because the length of the vacuum vessel in the poloidal direction of JT-60SA is 16 m and almost twice as long as that of JT-60U, the length of the Rogowski coil and the diamagnetic loop of JT-60SA are also twice as long as those on JT-60U. We have devised new types of sensors and a connector for the mineral-insulated cable because construction and installation of these sensors are much more difficult in JT-60SA. We will report the design and specification of the magnetic sensors for JT-60SA from the physics and engineering aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise reaction cross sections (σR) for 24-38Mg on C targets at energies around 240 MeV/nucleon have been measured at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN. The σR for 36-38Mg have been measured for the first time. An enhancement of oR compared to the systematics for spherical stable nuclei has been observed, especially in the neutron-rich region, which reflects the deformation of those isotopes. In the vicinity of the drip line the σR for 37Mg is especially large. It is shown by analysis using a recently developed theoretical method that this prominent enhancement of σR for 37Mg should come from the p-orbital halo formation breaking the N = 28 shell gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Interaction cross sections () for Ne isotopes from the stability line to the vicinity of the neutron drip line have been measured at around 240 MeV/nucleon using BigRIPS at RIBF, RIKEN. The for 27–32Ne in every case exceed the systematic mass-number dependence of for stable nuclei, which can be explained by considering the nuclear deformation. In particular the for 29Ne and 31Ne are significantly greater than those of their neighboring nuclides. These enhancements of for 29Ne and 31Ne cannot be explained by a single-particle model calculation under the assumption that the valence neutron of 29Ne (31Ne) occupies the () orbital, as expected from the standard spherical shell ordering. The present data suggest an s dominant halo structure of 29Ne and s- or p-orbital halo in 31Ne. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Interaction cross sections (σI) for Ne isotopes from the stability line to the vicinity of neutron-drip line have been measured using the RIBF facility at RIKEN. Measurements have been performed for 20–32Ne on C target at energies around 240 MeV/nucleon. A large enhancement of σI beyond the systematics of stable nuclei have been observed for neutron-rich Ne isotopes. The possible halo structures with lower orbital angular momentum for 29,31Ne are discussed by the preliminary analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was introduced as a method for measuring implant stability more than a decade ago. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values obtained using a recently introduced wireless RFA device have made it possible to evaluate stability in a non-invasive technique; however, there are few studies of the factors that affect ISQ values determined using this device. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between ISQ values determined by wireless RFA and various factors related to dental implant stability using a pig cortical bone model. Dental implants (Replace® Select Tapered implants) with a length of 10 mm were placed into pig cortical bone samples, then, ISQ values were determined using wireless RFA under various conditions (probe orientation, diameter of implant, insertion torque and peri-implant bone loss). The results of this study showed that ISQ values were not affected by the direction of the probe from parallel to perpendicular to the long axis of the pig bone or to the smart peg. In addition, the diameter of the implant did not have a significant effect on the measured ISQ values. Statistically significant correlations were found between insertion torque and ISQ values (Spearman’s test, P < 0·05), and lower ISQ values were observed for deeper peri-implant vertical defects (Mann–Whitney U-test, P < 0·05). A wireless RFA device appears to be useful for measuring implant stability within the limits of the present in vitro study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The benefit of mammography is overestimated among UK women, although the National Health Service (NHS) offers comprehensive information about breast screening with its official pamphlet. This study examined how women in the UK construct their views of mammography and how they interpret the information in the NHS pamphlets and newspaper articles about breast screening. Methods: Focus groups and individual interviews with 11 female participants aged 26-58 were conducted using a baseline questionnaire. Results: Many participants possessed knowledge about mammography, which differed from the medical consensus. Various factors, including self-beliefs, experience of breast cancer or being screened with a mammogram and stories from friends and relatives, could influence the participant's view about breast screening with a mammogram. Sceptical attitudes towards the media description of breast screening issues were revealed. The participants felt that the NHS pamphlets offered enough information about breast screening. Conclusion: The women in this study showed that people may not be surrounded by the practical information sources to know about mammogram efficacy until they are invited to the breast screening. In order to achieve democratic discussion over breast screening, including mammography, the NHS and mass media have room for further cooperation to provide the full picture of breast screening to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We have developed a new data acquisition (DAQ) system with fast sampling rate for fluctuation measurements in a long pulse JT-60U tokamak plasma. This system is based on a powerful digital oscilloscope, which has a large acquisition memory up to 50 Mwords/ch, 1 MHz sampling rate and 16 bits high resolution AD convertors. The system is composed of plural digital oscilloscopes and mass storages. On this system, most of data acquisition processes are executed at each digital oscilloscope. This feature of the system leads to an advantage that the processing loads are distributed among the digital oscilloscopes. This system has been successfully employed for measurements of various fluctuations obtained through magnetic probes, beam emission spectroscopy and so on. The size of the acquired data using this system has reached up to 10 GB/shot so far. It has demonstrated that this system is very powerful for data acquisition of multi-channeled signals with high time resolution in a long pulse plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rapid frequency sweeping modes observed in reversed magnetic shear (RS) plasmas on the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak 60 Upgrade (JT-60U) [H. Ninomiya and the JT-60 Team, Phys. Fluids B 4, 2070 (1992)] have been identified as reversed-shear-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (RSAEs), which are ideal magnetohydrodynamic Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) localized to the region of minimum safety factor, qmin, and are excited by negative-ion-based neutral beam injection. The chirping and subsequent saturation of the mode frequency are consistent with theoretical predictions for the transition from RSAEs to toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs). The previously observed rapid frequency sweeping modes in ion cyclotron wave heated plasmas in JT-60U can also be similarly explained. The observed AE amplitude is largest during the transition from RSAEs to TAEs, and fast ion loss is observed when the AE amplitude is largest at this transition. It is preferable to operate outside the transition range of qmin, e.g., 2.4

Abstract: Parallel and radial transport of ELMs in the Scrape-Off-Layer and divertor were investigated in JT-60U. The time lag from the start of magnetic fluctuations to the peak of the ion saturation current (j s) at low-field-side (LFS) divertor was consistent with convective transport of the ELM plasma along field lines. However, the time lag to the start of the j s enhancement was shorter than the convection time between the LFS midplane and divertor. In addition, j s started to increase both at high-field-side and LFS divertors simultaneously, which is not explained by the convection model. Large multi-peaks appeared in the time traces of j s at the midplane and near the X-point. The radial distribution of the first peak show that the ELM particle flux is transported to outer SOL flux surfaces up to 15cm from the separatrix. The radial expansion speed at the midplane was in the range of 1–2.5km/s. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Four loop antennas are installed in the Compact Helical System (CHS) heliotron/torsatron in order to externally excite Alfve´n eigenmodes (AEs). These antennas are used in two different operation methods: one is as a set of four external loop antennas, and the other two pairs of electrodes inserted near the plasma boundary. For these two operations, magnetic perturbations in the frequency range of 10–250 kHz are generated in the plasma. The plasma response for the applied magnetic perturbations is measured by magnetic probe arrays. Information of AEs can be derived from the analysis of the response. In the excitation experiment of AEs using the “electrode method,” magnetic fluctuations are resonantly enhanced in a certain electron density during the afterglow of a neutral beam heated plasma, where no energetic ions exist. The fluctuations have the toroidal mode number n=1 and the frequency lies just above the lower bound of the toroidicity-induced Alfve´n eigenmode (TAE) gap in the plasma core region. The excited fluctuations are thought to be related to TAEs. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimum sets of in-vessel components were installed for initial operation of JT-60SA in order to product and control the plasma and to know the plasma basic information, including inboard first wall, upper divertor, protection limiter, glow electrodes and magnetic sensors. All of magnetic sensors were installed within the required accuracy with in-situ measurement with laser tracker. The inboard first wall and the upper divertor were installed for the limiter configuration at the plasma initiation and the divertor configuration, respectively. They have carbon tiles as the first wall, which must be installed with accuracy of ± 1 mm in order to avoid the heat concentration. However, the vacuum-vessel wall had some deformation. Therefore, we measured in advance with laser tracker the position of the vacuum vessel where the bases of the inboard first wall and upper divertor would be welded. By using these position data and 3D CAD, we customized all bases. Owing to these procedures, we could install the first wall with required accuracy. Also, all other components were installed with required accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical limit of the Glauber theory with zero-range approximation, which is successfully used at high energies to connect the nucleon density distribution with reaction cross-sections (σR), gives somewhat smaller values of σR by 10-20% at intermediate energies. We have precisely measured the σR for 12C on Be, C, and Al at 30 A-200 AMeV, and for 9Be on Be at 70 A-100 AMeV to investigate the enhancement of σR compared to the optical-limit calculation. From the enhancements, we deduced the nucleon-nucleon range as a function of energies. We deduced the density distribution of 8B analyzing the known experimental σR for 8B with an enhancement correction or with the finite range effect as a test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the installation of a movable magnetic probe array on the compact helical system heliotron/torsatron to study Alfven eigenmodes excited by energetic beam ions. Magnetic probes composing the array; Accomplishment of radial profiles of magnetic fluctuations even inside the last closed flux surface; Observation of high frequency magnetic fluctuations.

InGaP crystals grown on (110) GaAs substrates by chemical vapor deposition have been structurally investigated by transmission electron microscopy. No superstructure spots are present in electron diffraction patterns from (110) plan view and (110) and (001) cross sections. However, composition-modulated structures with strong amplitude are found not only in the <001> but in the <110> directions. They are found to be stable in the form of columnar domains during crystal growth. These results strongly suggest that atomic ordering and spinodal decomposition of the crystal are competing on the growth surface via surface diffusion of deposited atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on a study which discussed the transmission electron microscopy of ordered and modulated structures in InGaP alloy semiconductors on (001) gallium arsenide substrates. Results of the transmission electron diffraction pattern; Information on the atomic scale evaluation carried out on the crystals; Optical properties of InGaP crystals.

Abstract: Interaction cross sections () for neutron-rich Ne isotopes, 28–32Ne on C target have been measured at 240A MeV using the RIBF at RIKEN. A large enhancement of beyond the systematics of stable nuclei have been observed for neutron-rich Ne isotopes, particularly for 31Ne. The possible halo structure for 29,31Ne which would be caused by the lowering of the pf-shell and nuclear deformation of Ne isotopes are discussed by the preliminary analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

It is well known that the enhancement of halo neutron removal cross sections in neutron halo nuclei. This is one of the evidence for the neutron halo structure. Because the valence neutron of the isomeric state in 16 N is considered to be mainly occupying in the s-orbital, we studied the nuclear structure of 16 N as a candidate for neutron halo nucleus. In this study, we measured one-neutron removal cross sections σ - 1 n using secondary beams of 16 N with a mixture of ground and isomeric states. We used two types of primary beams, 15 N and 18 O, to produce 16 N beams with different isomeric ratios (8.7, 24.2a 16 N beam with a large isomeric ratio is large compared to that obtained with another beam with a small isomeric state. This result suggests that the 16 N isomeric state is considered to have a neutron-halo-like structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Understanding the interactions and propagations of high energy protons and heavy ions are essential when trying to estimate the biological effects of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE) on personnel in space. To be able to calculate the shielding properties of different materials and radiation risks, particle and heavy ion transport codes are needed. In all particle and heavy ion transport codes, the probability function that a projectile particle will collide within a certain distance x in the matter depends on the total reaction cross sections, and the calculated partial fragmentation cross sections scale with the total reaction cross sections. It is therefore crucial that accurate total reaction cross section models are used in the transport calculations. In this paper, different models for calculating nucleon–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus total reaction cross sections are compared with each other and with measurements. The uncertainties in the calculations with the different models are discussed, as well as their overall performances with respect to the available experimental data. Finally, a new compilation of experimental data is briefly presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The interaction cross-sections (σI) of neutron-rich Na isotopes, 23-35Na, on C target have been measured at 250A MeV using the RI beam factory (RIBF) at RIKEN. Mass dependence of σI for 27-35Na suggests monotonic growth of the skin thickness. The root-mean-square nuclear matter radii (r̃m) of 23-35Na were deduced from observed σI via a Glauber-type calculation. These r̃m are in a good agreement with the theoretical prediction by relativistic mean field model (RMF). r̃m of 33-35Na were determined for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 438–444 Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a graft material made of gingival fibroblasts cultured in animal-free medium (HFDM1). Methods: We examined the effects of human serum (HS) on cell growth and wound healing capability, demonstrated by cytokine production, of gingival fibroblasts cultured in HFDM1. Subsequently, the capability of fibroblasts cultured in HFDM1 with 2% HS to promote the healing of skin defects was evaluated using nude mice. Results: The proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts was increased when HS at a concentration of 0.5–2% was added to HFDM1. Wound healing cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β, keratinocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and IL-6 produced by gingival fibroblasts were increased by adding 2% HS to HFDM1. In addition, gingival fibroblasts cultured in HFDM1 with 2% HS improved wound healing of mouse skin defects as well as those cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 10% fetal calf serum. Conclusion: Gingival fibroblasts cultured in HFDM1 with 2% HS may be useful as a graft material for reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energetic-ion driven instability in a Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak-60 Upgrade (JT-60U) [S. Ishida et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2532 (2004)] plasma was investigated using a simulation code for magnetohydrodynamics and energetic particles. The spatial profile of the unstable mode peaks near the plasma center where the safety factor profile is flat. The unstable mode is not a toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) because the spatial profile deviates from the expected location of TAE and the spatial profile consists of a single primary harmonic m/n=2/1 where m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers. The real frequency of the unstable mode is close to the experimental starting frequency of the fast frequency sweeping mode. Simulation results demonstrate that energetic-ion orbit width and energetic-ion pressure significantly broaden radial profile of the unstable mode. For the smallest value among the investigated energetic-ion orbit width, the unstable mode is localized within 20% of the minor radius. This gives an upper limit of the spatial profile width of the unstable mode which the magnetohydrodynamic effects alone can induce. For the experimental condition of the JT-60U plasma, energetic ions broaden the radial width of the unstable mode spatial profile by a factor of 3. The unstable mode is primarily induced by the energetic particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sawtooth oscillations are often detected in the signals of several diagnostics during tangential neutral beam injection (NBI) heating in the compact helical system (CHS) [K. Matsuoka et al., Plasma Pysics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 2, p. 441]. The sawtooth crashes are closely related to the q=2 (q is the safety factor) rational surface located on the normalized minor radius p∼0.5 and most of the crashes indicate a character of an annular crash. The disturbance of plasma parameters on the magnetic axis depends on the toroidal plasma beta and the size of the q = 2 surface. The time scale of the crash is fairly large to he 0.5-1.0 ms which is an order of magnitude larger than that in tokamaks. Two types of m/n = 2/1 (m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively) magnetic fluctuations, which are fishbone-like burst mode (FB) and low frequency ideal/resistive interchange mode (LF mode), grow just before the crash. Those internal structure and time evolution across the crash clearly indicate that the sawtooth crash in NBI heated plasmas of CHS is induced by ideal/resistive interchange mode not by energetic ion driven mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the role of the m/n = 2/1 neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) for suppression of the sawtooth collapse in JT-60U from the viewpoint of the anomalous transport of the current diffusion, namely flux pumping. In the stabilization experiments of m/n = 2/1 NTMs by electron cyclotron current drive of JT-60U, it has been clarified that the sawtooth collapses occur during or after the stabilization of m/n = 2/1 NTMs. It is also confirmed that the minimum safety factor, qmin, is nearly unity before and after the stabilization of an m/n = 2/1 NTM. While the flux pumping by ELM-NTM coupling was reported in DIII-D, the suppression of the sawtooth collapse is observed without ELMs in this study. On the other hand, it is observed that the sawtooth precursor appears during the stabilization of the m/n = 2/1 NTM accompanying the disappearance of the fluctuation of the n = 1 helical core (HC), which is induced by the m/n = 2/1 NTM. In addition, the modulation of the toroidal rotation velocity having the frequency of the n = 1 HC is observed in the core region. Because the helical flow with HCs is a possible source of the dynamo loop voltage in tokamaks, these observations suggest that the suppression of the sawtooth collapse in JT-60U is realized by the dynamo loop voltage due to the n = 1 HC induced by the m/n = 2/1 NTM. Our result indicates that n = 1 HCs induced by other MHD modes also may induce anomalous current transport in tokamaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed distributed amplifiers for high bit-rate fiber-optic communication systems. We have designed a LiNbO[sub 3] modulator driver using 0.15-µo double-doped AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs. We obtained a 15-dB gain and 54-GHz bandwidth with GCPW lines, and a fairly clear 6-V[sub p-p] output at 40 Gb/s. We also developed preamplifiers for both NRZ and RZ applications. Our preamplifier for the NRZ-data format has a 52-dBΩ gain and a 49-GHz bandwidth. It consists of a lumped element circuit and a distributed amplifier with InP-based HEMTs. We fabricated a module that consisted of the preamplifier connected to a photodiode, and confirmed a clear NRZ-output waveform at 40-Gb/s. The preamplifier with 0.15-µm double-doped AlGaAs/InGaAs/AlGaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs for the RZ-data format has an 11-dB gain and a 57-GHz bandwidth. We also developed a PIN/preamp module that has a 44-dBΩ gain and a 45-GHz bandwidth. The module showed a superior phase characteristic and produced a clear RZ eye-pattern. Furthermore, we fabricated an ultra-broadband amplifier for over--40-Gb/s applications. We obtained a 9-dB gain and 70-GHz bandwidth. These results demonstrate that a distributed amplifier is the best candidate for over-40-Gb/s fiber optic communication systems manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malawi changed its national policy for malaria treatment in 1993, becoming the first country in Africa to replace chloroquine by sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine combination (SP) as the first-line drug for uncomplicated malaria. Seven years after this change, we investigated the prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) mutations, known to be associated with decreased sensitivity to SP, in 173 asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections from Salima, Malawi. A high prevalence rate (78%) of parasites with triple Asn-108/Ile-51/Arg-59 dhfr and double Gly-437/Glu-540 dhps mutations was found. This ‘quintuple mutant’ is considered as a molecular marker for clinical failure of SP treatment of P. falciparum malaria. A total of 11 different dhfr and dhps combinations were detected, 3 of which were not previously reported. Nineteen isolates contained the single Glu-540 mutant dhps, while no isolate contained the single Gly-437 mutant dhps, an unexpected finding since Gly-437 are mostly assumed to be one of the first mutations commonly selected under sulfadoxine pressure. Two isolates contained the dhps single or double mutant coupled with dhfr wild-type. The high prevalence rates of the three dhfr mutations in our study were consistent with a previous survey in 1995 in Karonga, Malawi, whereas the prevalences of dhps mutations had increased, most probably as a result of the wide use of SP. A total of 52 P. falciparum isolates were also investigated for pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine activity against parasite growth according to WHO in vitro standard protocol. A pyrimethamine resistant profile was found. When pyrimethamine was combined with sulfadoxine, the mean EC50 value decreased to less than one tenth of the pyrimethamine alone level. This synergistic activity may be explained by sulfadoxine inhibition of dhps despite the double mutations in the dhps genes, which would interact with pyrimethamine acting to block the remaining folate despite dhfr mutations in the low p-aminobenzoic acid and low folic acid medium mixed with blood. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Soft x-ray (SX) detector array systems are installed on the Large Helical Device (LHD). Two types of systems are in operation: An 80 ch array for detailed profile measurement and two sets of 40 ch array installed inside the vacuum vessel suitable for fluctuation studies. Recent results of the profile and fluctuation measurement with this system are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural diamond detector (NDD) has been installed on the JT-60U tokamak to measure the flux and the energy distribution of charge exchange (CX) fast neutral particles. A NDD has many important advantages to be used as a CX neutral particle analyzer, for example very compact size, high energy resolution, and high radiation hardness etc., while the neutrons and γ rays are a large noise source in the deuterium plasma. The shield was set up around the NDD to reduce those noises. Time-resolved energy distribution of CX neutral particles corresponding to injected beam energy have been successfully obtained under high intensity neutron yield Yn>1015 n/s. Further enhanced neutral particle fluxes during sawtooth oscillation and Alfvén eigenmodes were observed with the NDD. The performance of the NDD as CX neutral particle spectrometer under high intensity neutron yield was demonstrated for the first time on JT-60U in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Plasma current seems to flow in the open magnetic surface in the outside of the closed magnetic surface in the low-field region. • Considering the toroidal rotation, the equilibrium is fitted within nested magnetic surfaces by SU-EFIT. • Sum of contributions from toroidal rotation and pressure gradient to plasma current density is constant. In the EC-driven (8.2 GHz) steady-state plasma on QUEST, plasma current seems to flow in the open magnetic surface in the outside of the closed magnetic surface in the low-field region according to plasma current fitting method without taking equilibrium into account. In our previous work, plasma equilibrium solution was fitted assuming all plasma current is flowing in the inside of the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS). It was solved within isotropic pressure profile by EFIT code. Opposite-polarity current density region appeared in the high-field region. Here in this article, considering the toroidal rotation, the equilibrium is fitted within nested magnetic surfaces by SU-EFIT. Though the plasma magnetic axis shifts outward due to the centrifugal force, the opposite polarity current does not disappear in the high-field region. And relation between the toroidal rotation speed and the poloidal beta value will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RI-RICH, a ring-imaging Cherenkov counter for radioactive ions, has been developed to measure the velocity of the ions at intermediate energies. Our RI-RICH system consists of six multi-anode photomultiplier tubes covered with 360-nm bandpass filters and a radiator made of quartz or BK7. For the primary 132Xe beam with a velocity of β = 0. 712 , a velocity resolution of Δ β ∕ β = 4. 9 × 1 0 − 4 (one standard deviation σ) and a detection efficiency of more than 99.99% were achieved. For the secondary beams with Z = 44 – 55 and β ≃ 0. 70 , we successfully performed particle identification using the B ρ - Δ E - β method. The velocity resolutions of RI-RICH for these nuclides were equivalent to a more than 6 σ separation for the mass number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which investigated the photoionization of deep traps in aluminum gallium arsenide/gallium arsenide multiple-quantum-well layers. Experiment; Results; Discussion.

We report on the first detailed study of intruder configurations in the ground state of 30 Ne by means of the 12 C( 30 Ne,  29 Ne+ γ )X one-neutron knockout reaction at 228 MeV/nucleon. Using a combined analysis of individual parallel momentum distributions and partial cross sections we find: (a) comparable p - and d -wave removal strength to 29 Ne final states with excitation energies below 200 keV, and (b) significant p -wave removal strength to the 620 keV state of 29 Ne, and (c) no evidence for f -wave intruder strength leading to bound 29 Ne final states. The SDPF-U-MIX shell model calculation in the s d – p f model space provides a better overall agreement with the measured energy levels of 29 Ne and the fp -intruder amplitudes in 30 Ne than the SDPF-M prediction, suggesting that the refinement of the s d – p f cross shell interaction and extension of the model space to include the 2 p 1 / 2 and 1 f 5 / 2 levels are important for understanding the island of inversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction cross sections for 15,16C on nuclear targets (Be, C, Al) and proton target are systematically measured in the intermediate energy range. Nucleon density distributions of 15,16C were deduced from the analyses of present data with existing experimental data using the Glauber-type calculation. Proton and neutron density distributions were also deduced separately from proton target data. Results of root-mean-square radii show a good agreement with theoretical calculations for both isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have measured reaction cross sections (σR) for 13;14;15B on Be, C, Al, and proton targets. In addition to the conventional method of deducing nucleon density distributions based on the Glauber-type calculation, the recently developed method for deducing point-proton and neutron density distributions separately from σR on proton targets were utilized for these nuclei. The result suggests the necessity for 14B of a large tail in its neutron density distribution, which can be referred to as a one-neutron halo. Rootmean- square point-proton, neutron and matter radii for 13,14,15B were also derived. From present systematic studies for 13,14,15B, a large enhancement of matter and neutron radii in 14B was found for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Ameloblastoma ( AM) shows locally invasive behaviour. However, biological investigations regarding regulation of gene expression associated with AM pathological features are difficult to perform, because AM cells can be passaged for a few generations due to senescence. We report a newly established immortalized AM cell line, AMB cells, by transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase ( hTERT). Furthermore, we examined whether TNF- α modulates bone resorption-related genes, IL-6 and MMP-9 in cooperation with TGF- β or IFN- γ. Materials and methods Following transfection of an hTERT expression vector into AM cells using a non-viral method, the effects of cytokines on the expressions of IL-6 and MMP-9 mRNA were examined using real-time PCR. TNF- α-induced NF- κB activity was examined by western blotting and transcription factor assays. Results AMB cells continued to grow for more than 100 population doublings. Stimulation with TNF- α increased IL-6 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions, as well as NF- κB activation. Furthermore, TGF- β and IFN- γ dramatically increased TNF- α-mediated expressions of MMP-9 and IL-6 mRNA, respectively, while those responses were suppressed by NF- κB inhibitor. Conclusion We established an immortalized AM cell line by hTERT transfection. TNF- α-mediated regulation of MMP-9 and IL-6 via NF- κB may play an important role in the pathological behaviour of AMs, such as bone resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present RF-driven (ECCD) steady-state plasma on QUEST ( B t = 0.25 T, R = 0.68 m, a = 0.40 m), plasma current seems to flow in the open magnetic surface outside of the closed magnetic surface in the low-field region according to plasma current fitting (PCF) method. We consider that the current in the open magnetic surface is due to orbit-driven current by high-energy particles in RF-driven plasma. So based on the analysis of current density profile based on the orbit-driven current, plasma equilibrium is to be calculated. We calculated high energy particles guiding center orbits as a contour plot of conserved variable in Hamiltonian formulation and considered particles initial position with different levels of energy and pitch angles that satisfy resonance condition. Then the profile of orbit-driven current is estimated by multiplying the particle density on the resonance surface and the velocity on the orbits. This analysis shows negative current near the magnetic axis and hollow current profile is expected even if pressure driven current is considered. Considering the hollow current profile shifted toward the low-field region, the equilibrium is fitted by J-EFIT coded by MATLAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction cross sections for 11Be and 8B on proton targets at 40A - 120A MeV have been measured by the transmission method. With these data, we can discuss the proton- and neutron- density distributions at the nuclear surface independently in principle using the Glauber theory. Our experimental results support that the constituent of halo in 11Be is neutron dominantly and that of 8B is proton dominantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of detailed 3D modelling of the JT60-SA tokamak. Different computational tools have been used, ranging from a purely electromagnetic description to models including the plasma response. Detailed 3D finite elements meshes have been developed, including key conducting structures of JT60-SA. The positive comparison of results produced with different assumptions and independent codes increases confidence in results. Frequency-domain electromagnetic characterization of active coils has been achieved, as well as resistive wall modes growth rate computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present RF-driven (ECCD) steady-state plasma on QUEST, the plasma current seems to flow in the open magnetic surface outside of the closed magnetic surface in the low-field region according to the plasma current fitting (PCF) method. The current in the open magnetic surface is due to the orbit-driven current by high-energy particles in the RF-driven plasma. High-energy particles guiding center orbits are calculated as contour plots of conserved variables in the Hamiltonian formulation considering particles in the initial position with different energies and pitch angles satisfying the resonance condition. A negative current appears near the magnetic axis, and a hollow current profile is expected even if the pressure driven current is considered. The equilibrium is fitted within nested magnetic surfaces by J-EFIT coded by MATLAB using the hollow current profile shift toward the low-field region. Although the plasma boundary shape reflects the plasma current density profile, the equilibrium shape fitted by J-EFIT does not coincide with the orbit-driven current profile. However, introducing an extension of the current profile without assuming nested contours into the J-EFIT code appropriately fits the plasma shape with the hollow current profile to the measured magnetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Itraconazole (ICZ) has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity including a wide range of Candida spp. TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine associated with Th1-mediated oral inflammatory disease, enhances inflammatory mediators, such as CXCR3-agonistic chemokines including CXCL10. We examined the anti-inflammatory potential of ICZ against TNF-α-induced chemokines in oral fibroblasts. Materials and methods We investigated the effects of ICZ on mRNA expressions of various TNF-α-induced chemokines in immortalized oral keratinocytes (RT7) and oral fibroblasts (GT1) using quantitative PCR analysis. Subsequently, the effects of ICZ and fluconazole (FLZ) on TNF-α-induced CXCL10 proteins in GT1 and primary fibroblasts were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The effect of ICZ on signal transduction protein phosphorylation involved in CXCL10 production from TNF-α-stimulated GT1 was examined by western blotting. Results ICZ inhibited TNF-α-induced CXCL10 mRNA in GT1, but not RT7. Although ICZ did not affect TNF-α-induced IL-8 mRNA, the mRNAs of TNF-α-induced CXCR3-agonistic chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL11 were inhibited by ICZ in GT1. TNF-α-induced CXCL10 protein production in GT1 and primary fibroblasts was inhibited by ICZ, but not FLZ. Finally, ICZ inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of c-JUN, which is related to CXCL10 production by TNF-α-stimulated GT1. Conclusion ICZ may be useful as therapy for Th1-mediated oral inflammatory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Itraconazole (ICZ) has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity including a wide range of Candida spp. TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine associated with Th1-mediated oral inflammatory disease, enhances inflammatory mediators, such as CXCR3-agonistic chemokines including CXCL10. We examined the anti-inflammatory potential of ICZ against TNF-α-induced chemokines in oral fibroblasts. Materials and methods We investigated the effects of ICZ on mRNA expressions of various TNF-α-induced chemokines in immortalized oral keratinocytes (RT7) and oral fibroblasts (GT1) using quantitative PCR analysis. Subsequently, the effects of ICZ and fluconazole (FLZ) on TNF-α-induced CXCL10 proteins in GT1 and primary fibroblasts were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The effect of ICZ on signal transduction protein phosphorylation involved in CXCL10 production from TNF-α-stimulated GT1 was examined by western blotting. Results ICZ inhibited TNF-α-induced CXCL10 mRNA in GT1, but not RT7. Although ICZ did not affect TNF-α-induced IL-8 mRNA, the mRNAs of TNF-α-induced CXCR3-agonistic chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL11 were inhibited by ICZ in GT1. TNF-α-induced CXCL10 protein production in GT1 and primary fibroblasts was inhibited by ICZ, but not FLZ. Finally, ICZ inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of c-JUN, which is related to CXCL10 production by TNF-α-stimulated GT1. Conclusion ICZ may be useful as therapy for Th1-mediated oral inflammatory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]