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Sleep control is ascribed to a two-process model, a widely accepted concept that posits homoeostatic drive and a circadian process as the major sleep-regulating factors. Cognitive and emotional factors also influence sleep-wake behaviour; however, the precise circuit mechanisms underlying their effects on sleep control are unknown. Previous studies suggest that adenosine has a role affecting behavioural arousal in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain area critical for reinforcement and reward. Here, we show that chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of excitatory adenosine A2A receptor-expressing indirect pathway neurons in the core region of the NAc strongly induces slow-wave sleep. Chemogenetic inhibition of the NAc indirect pathway neurons prevents the sleep induction, but does not affect the homoeostatic sleep rebound. In addition, motivational stimuli inhibit the activity of ventral pallidum-projecting NAc indirect pathway neurons and suppress sleep. Our findings reveal a prominent contribution of this indirect pathway to sleep control associated with motivation., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

edited by Hiroyuki Motomura and Keiichi Matsuura, for "First records of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae),Enneapterygius hemimelas, from Japan": Four male specimens (19.4–21.8 mm standard length) of Enneapterygius hemimelas (Knerand Steindachner, 1867) (Tripterygiidae) were collected from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture,Kyushu, Japan. Because previous Japanese records of E. hemimelas were based on mis-identificationsof E. bahasa or E. flavoccipitis, and the northernmost record of E. hemimelas was Taiwan,the Yaku-shima Island specimens examined in this study represent the first records of E. hemimelasfrom Japan and the northernmost record for the species., for "New records of a triplefin, Enneapterygius leucopunctatus,from southern Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae)": Enneapterygius leucopunctatus Shen, 1994 (Tripterygiidae), known only from Taiwan,is recorded for the first time from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, and Tosa Bay, KochiPrefecture, southern Japan. Seventeen Japanese specimens (25.2–36.1 mm in standard length) wereidentified as E. leucopunctatus based on the following combination of characters: second dorsalfinspines 12–13; third dorsal-fin soft rays 9–11; anal-fin soft rays 17–19; mandibular pore formulamostly 4+1+4; pored and notched lateral-line scales 15–18+16–19; simple dermal flap of anteriornostril; 2 white oblique bands on shoulder girdle; 8 dark saddle markings and 5–6 small ring-likewhite markings on lateral body; inconspicuous sexual dichromatism., for "Distributional range extension of a scorpionfish,Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, in the Indo–Pacific,and comments on synonymy of S. parvipinnis(Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae)": Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, previously known only from type specimens from Fiji andthe Marshall Islands, is reported here on the basis of 27 specimens from the eastern Indian Ocean(Christmas Island, Australia) and the Pacific Ocean (East Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Timor Sea,and Polynesia). Validity of diagnostic characters of S. quadrispinosus given in the original descriptionis assessed and newly recognized diagnoses are provided. Paronescodes asperrimus is regardedhere as a junior synonym of S. parvipinnis., for "Apogonid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes)of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture,southern Japan": Forty five species of apogonid fishes were confirmed to occur at Yaku-shima Island, KagoshimaPrefecture, Kyushu, southern Japan. Of these, 27 species represent the first records from theisland, including the first Japanese record of Apogon chrysotaenia. A new Japanese name, Akafujitenjikudai,is proposed for Apogon crassiceps. Each species account provides a synonym list, materialexamined, descriptions based on collected specimens, distribution in Japanese waters, taxonomicand nomenclatural remarks, and ecological notes from Yaku-shima Island., for "Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishesof Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan": An annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island, KagoshimaPrefecture, southern Japan, was compiled from field and literature surveys. All registered specimenspreviously recorded from Yaku-shima Island in published papers were re-examined. A total of 951species (382 genera, 112 families, 24 orders), including 374 species that represent the first reliablerecords from the island on the basis of collected specimens, are listed with citation of literature,registration numbers, sizes, localities in the island, nomenclatural and taxonomic remarks, and colorphotographs if available. A new Japanese name is proposed for a bythitid, Alionematichthys piger.Zoogeographical implications of the Yaku-shima Island ichthyofauna are discussed., for "Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island,Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan": An annotated checklist of freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture,southern Japan, was compiled from field and literature surveys. A total of 32 species (22 genera, 11families, 7 orders) are listed with citation of literature, registration numbers, sizes, localities in theisland, ecological notes, and color photographs if available., cover, title page, colophon, preface, editors, contents, [p1-8] First records of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius hemimelas, from Japan / Masatoshi Meguro and Hiroyuki Motomura, [p9-16] New records of a triplefin, Enneapterygius leucopunctatus,from southern Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae) / Hiromitsu Endo, Eri Katayama, Mina Miyake and Kimi Watase, [p17-26] Distributional range extension of a scorpionfish,Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, in the Indo–Pacific,and comments on synonymy of S. parvipinnis(Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) / Hiroyuki Motomura, Gota Ogihara and Kiyoshi Hagiwara, [p27-64] Apogonid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes)of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture,southern Japan / Tomohiro Yoshida, Shigeru Harazaki and Hiroyuki Motomura, [p65-248] Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishesof Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan / Hiroyuki Motomura, Kaoru Kuriiwa, Eri Katayama, Hiroshi Senou,Gota Ogihara, Masatoshi Meguro, Mizuki Matsunuma, Yohko Takata,Tomohiro Yoshida, Masahiro Yamashita, Seishi Kimura, Hiromitsu Endo,Atsunobu Murase, Yukio Iwatsuki, You Sakurai, Shigeru Harazaki,Kouichi Hidaka, Hikaru Izumi, and Keiichi Matsuura, [p249-261] Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island,Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan / Toshihiko Yonezawa, Akihiko Shinomiya and Hiroyuki Motomura, photos, identifier:photos, identifier:p249-261, identifier:p65-248, identifier:p27-64, identifier:p17-26, identifier:p9-16, identifier:p1-8, identifier:contents, identifier:editors, identifier:preface, identifier:title page, colophon, identifier:cover