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The moiety of 4-imidazolidinone is an important structural motif in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. We present the synthesis of 4-imidazolidinones from various diamides with ethynyl benziodoxolones through double Michael-type addition, which is an unprecedented reaction mode for hypervalent alkynyl iodine compounds.

Ferro-ferri-holmquistite (IMA2022-020), ideal formula □Li2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2, was found in albitized granite from the Iwagi islet, Ehime, Japan. Ferro-ferri-holmquistite is a CFe2+Fe3+ analogue of holmquistite and belongs to the lithium-subgroup amphiboles. It commonly occurs as acicular aggregate and/or isolated crystals in quartz, albite and K-feldspar and is blue with a bluish-grey streak and a vitreous luster. It has a Mohs hardness of 5 1/2. Its cleavage is perfect on {210}. Measured and calculated densities are Dmeas.=3.2 g cm−3 and Dcalc.=3.317 g cm−3, respectively. Ferro-ferri-holmquistite is optically biaxial (-), with α=1.685, β=1.713 and γ=1.727, and is pleochroic, with X= pale blue ∼ pale yellowish blue, Y= deep blue ∼ brownish blue and Z= deep blue ∼ deep bluish violet; X>Z>Y. The magnetic susceptibility is similar to the associated biotite. Ferro-ferri-holmquistite is insoluble in HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of Σ(C+T) = 13 on the results obtained by electron microprobe analyzer (EPMA), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is A(K0.01Na0.06)Σ0.07B(Li1.95Na0.04Ca0.01)Σ2.00C(Fe2.822+Fe1.393+Al0.51Mg0.22Mn0.052+Ti0.01)Σ5.00T(Si7.98Al0.02)Σ8.00O22(OH)1.94F0.06. Structure refinement converged to R1= 4.22 %. The space group is orthorhombic Pnma, and the unit-cell parameters are a= 18.5437(2) Å, b= 17.9222(1) Å, c= 5.3123(1) Å and V= 1765.51(1) Å3. Based on the refined site occupancies, the structural formula can be written as ANa0.062M4(Li1.952Na0.048)Σ2.000M1(Fe1.7702+Mg0.230)Σ2.000M2(Fe1.4463+Fe0.1022+Al0.452)Σ2.000M3(Fe0.8912+Mg0.109)Σ1.000TSi8O22(OH)2 (Z= 4). Three OH-stretching IR bands, centered at 3614, 3631 and 3644 cm−1, are assigned to the local configuration M1M1M3= FeFeFe, MgFeFe (including FeMgFe and FeFeMg) and MgMgFe (including MgFeMg and FeMgMg), respectively, based on the IR studies of the orthorhombic Pnma amphiboles.

Both high-beam-quality and high-power operation of InGaN laser array are realized by lateral-corrugated waveguides (LCWG) with reduced higher-order transverse modes. In our proposed structure, the number of higher-order modes supported by the waveguide and scattered by the LCWG is smaller than that of a conventional LCWG, which suppresses the deterioration of quantum efficiency. This contributes to high-power operation for laser processing, since the maximum output power of an array is sensitive to the efficiency. Even at 55 W from a single InGaN array chip, averaged lateral beam-quality factor of 4.9 is successfully obtained for individual emissions in the array.

Trade costs contribute to price differentials across geographically separated regions. However, when using price differential data, the identification of distance-elastic trade costs depends on how producers set prices in remote markets. To address this problem, we first empirically demonstrate that a variable markup model is more relevant than a constant markup model to describe the data variation. We then adopt a nonhomothetic preference framework to consider pricing-to-market and self-selection bias to pin down the distance effect. If these factors are not accounted for, the distance elasticity of trade costs is small. However, by incorporating these mechanisms, our empirical analysis using micro-level data reveals that the distance effect is significantly large, suggesting that the price of geographic barriers to regional trade is high.

A falta de acesso nos leva a pensar nas atuais formas em que um livro pode chegar a uma pessoa. O fator econômico influencia na obtenção do material físico e eletrônico igualmente, visto que há o acesso a alguns materiais online, porém é necessário o conhecimento e os meios para acessá-los. Durante anos os estudos literários estiveram focados no escritor e na obra, criando a figura do leitor ideal. Mas a prática de meios alternativos de leitura, como a biblioterapia, pode atrair “leitores reais”. O ato de ler, quando promovido fora das tradicionais salas de aula e bibliotecas, permite a descoberta de características comuns e diferenças entre os indivíduos, incentivando tanto a fantasia como a consciência da realidade objetiva, e proporcionando elementos para a construção de uma postura crítica e de alternativas aos dilemas enfrentados pelo ser humano. Sendo assim, o projeto de extensão Biblioterapia: desenvolvendo laços com livros, desenvolvido pela biblioteca do Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR) Campus Jaguariaíva em parceria com o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) I Vovó Tonica, teve como objetivo principal proporcionar o compartilhamento de experiências entre pacientes, servidores e discentes através da biblioterapia, incentivando a leitura como atividade terapêutica e apresentando a realidade dessa parcela da população à comunidade acadêmica. Constatou-se que, através da biblioterapia, as mulheres atendidas pelo CAPS tiveram acesso à educação de maneira não convencional em um ambiente de acolhimento. Além de assegurado seu direito à saúde, puderam estabelecer uma relação de empatia e humanização.

Engel and West (2005) show that the observed near random‐walk behavior of nominal exchange rates is an equilibrium outcome of a partial equilibrium asset approach when economic fundamentals follow exogenous first‐order integrated processes and the discount factor approaches one. In this paper, I argue that the unit market discount factor creates a theoretical trade‐off within a two‐country general equilibrium model. The unit discount factor generates near random‐walk nominal exchange rates, but it counterfactually implies perfect consumption risk sharing and flat money demand. Bayesian posterior simulation exercises, based on post‐Bretton Woods data from Canada and the United States, reveal difficulties in reconciling the equilibrium random‐walk proposition within the canonical model; in particular, the market discount factor is identified as being much smaller than one. A relative money demand shock is identified as the main driver of nominal exchange rates.

A presente revisão teve por objetivos descrever aspectos das fraturas em aves, alguns métodos de imobilização e as complicações das fraturas. Embora os princípios de reparo da fratura em aves seja similar aos de pequenos animais, existem diferenças que precisam ser consideradas no momento da aplicação do método de imobilização. As fraturas em aves podem ser imobilizadas por meio da coaptação externa (talas e bandagens), fixação interna (pinos, fios de cerclagem, placas ósseas) e fixação externa, entre outros, cada qual com suas vantagens e desvantagens. A severidade da fratura interfere na taxa e curso da consolidação; contudo, a estabilidade clínica pode preceder a evidência radiográfica, que é visibilizada entre 3 e 6 semanas. As fraturas em aves tendem a ser expostas e cominutivas, em virtude da insuficiente cobertura de tecidos moles. Quando expostas, as fraturas apresentam alto risco de osteomielite e, consequentemente, podem desenvolver união atrasada ou não-união.

This study proposes that a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) electret tube charged by frictional electricity can prevent the solidification of the indwelling catheter in blood vessels. Coagulation in intravascular indwelling catheters may discontinue the treatment because of thrombus-derived bacteria-adhesion infections or poor blood removal. Current commercially available intravascular catheters lack complete antithrombotic measures, even with heparin or urokinase antithrombotic coatings. Herein, we tested the effectiveness of an antithrombotic treatment that prevents coagulation using a static electric charge on the interior of the PTFE tube via the triboelectric effect by rubbing the tube's inner wall with a round glass rod. The anticoagulation properties were evaluated by enclosing a sample of blood in an electret tube and observing the coagulase adhering to the inner wall using a microscope. To confirm the effectiveness of this treatment, the charge-distribution on the inner surface of the electret tube was measured, surface irregularities were observed, and the elements on the surface were analyzed. The surface potential inside the electret tube was - 366.4 V, which proved effective for an antithrombotic treatment, as it discouraged coagulation, and the triboelectric charging process caused neither surface element denaturation nor significant surface irregularities. The nearly uniform negative surface charge on the inside of the tube was responsible for the antithrombotic effect because no surface irregularities or change in the surface element denaturation was observed. Triboelectrically charged PTFE electret tubes are highly useful for intravascular indwelling catheters.

Both high-beam-quality and high-power operation of InGaN laser diodes are realized by lateral corrugated waveguides with reduced higher-order transverse modes. As a result, lateral beam-quality factor is reduced from 8.8 (straight waveguide) to 3.8 even at a continuous-wave output power of 2.1 W.

Background and Aims It has been determined that more than half of the medical errors related to haemodialysis treatment are due to the preparation process at the initial stage of treatment, and that the errors are mainly caused by insufficient confirmation behaviour of healthcare professionals. Pointing confirmation and double check have been proven effective as safety treatments, but no specific strategy has been established to verify these insufficient confirmation behaviours. This study clarified the actual behaviour of healthcare professionals engaged in haemodialysis during the preparation process at the initial stage of treatment and defined the confirmation behaviour necessary to start safe haemodialysis based on the results. Moreover, the aim was to assess the effectiveness of an intervention program for enhancing adherence to confirmation practice. Method A first study was conducted to investigate the actual state of behaviour, and a second study to verify the effectiveness of an intervention program. In the first study, we monitored and analysed the actual behaviours of 23 clinical engineering technicians and 14 registered nurses at a dialysis centre during the preparation process (218 steps) at the initial stage of treatment, and calculated their adherence rates. In the second study, the final confirmation process at the initial stage of treatment was determined (13 steps), and an intervention program aimed at adherence was devised. To verify its effectiveness, 18 clinical engineering technicians and 8 registered nurses were randomly divided into an experimental group (E) and a control group (C). The intervention program for Group E comprised baseline without intervention, intervention 1 (verbal explanation of confirmatory behaviour), intervention 2 (adding graphic feedback), intervention 3 (adding video feedback), and follow-up without intervention. That of Group C comprised only baseline and intervention 1. The adherence rate to the final confirmation process in both groups was calculated. Results In the first study, the adherence rate to the preparation process at the initial stage of treatment was 67.2%, and the adherence rate in the confirmation process immediately after the start of dialysis was 21.0%, which was remarkably low. In the second study, the adherence rate to the final confirmation process in Group E was 17.1% at baseline, 45.5% after intervention 1, 65.5% after intervention 2, 90.4% after intervention 3, and 93.9% at follow-up. In contrast, the adherence rate in Group C was 8.6% at baseline and 50.4% after intervention 1. Conclusion The adherence rate to the preparation process at the initial stage of treatment was less than 70%. Furthermore, the intervention program using graphic feedback and video feedback increased the adherence rate to the final confirmation process. Intervention programs aimed at the behaviour modification of healthcare professionals involved in haemodialysis have increased the adherence rate to confirmation actions in the final confirmation step of haemodialysis, and it has become clear that verbal teaching and visualized feedback are effective.

A smile-suppressed high-power InGaN laser array has been developed for a high beam quality material processing light source. The smile effect becomes apparent especially in InGaN laser array with large chip curvature due to lattice mismatch of epitaxial growth layers. To reduce the smile, periodic grooves are introduced to the epitaxial layers for removing the origin of strain. It also enables a two-dimensional strain management of remaining epitaxial layers. This technology improves the chip curvature within micron range, i.e. as small as 0.3 μm in a 9 mm-width InGaN laser array. We have successfully realized reducing the smile to 0.4 μm without degrading the laser light output characteristics.

Murakamiite (IMA2016-066), ideally LiCa 2 Si 3 O 8 (OH), is a new mineral that was recently discovered in an aegirine-augite albitite exposed on the Iwagi Islet, Ehime Prefecture, Japan. It occurs as prismatic crystals and monomineralic aggregates up to 1.7 mm long, is white to colourless with a white streak, and has a vitreous to silky lustre. It has a Mohs hardness of 4½–5 and is brittle with a splintery fracture and perfect {1 0 0} and {0 0 1} cleavage. Measured and calculated densities are D meas = 2.86(1) and D calc = 2.85(1) g·cm −3 , respectively. Murakamiite is optically biaxial (+) and non-pleochroic, with refractive indices (in white light) of α = 1.602(1), β = 1.611(1), γ = 1.643(1), and with 2 V meas = 56–59(2)° and 2 V calc = 57°. Dispersion is weak, with r > v . The optical orientation is X ^ c 10–11°, Y ^ a 10–14°, Z ^ b 0–5°. Murakamiite is triclinic, belonging to space group P 1 ¯ with the unit-cell parameters a = 7.9098(2) A, b = 7.0320(2) A, c = 6.9863(2) A, α = 90.596(2)°, β = 95.589(2)°, γ = 102.767(2)°, V = 376.98(2) A 3 ( Z = 2). The eight strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [ d obs /A( I )( h k l )]: 2.897(100)(2 2 ¯ 0), 3.055(49)(0 1 2, 1 0 2, 1 1 ¯ 2 ¯ ), 3.295(41) (1 0 2 ¯ ), 3.225(33)(2 0 1), 3.845(20)(2 0 0), 2.284(19)(1 0 3 ¯ ), 2.720(15)(1 2 1 ¯ , 2 2 ¯ 1, 2 0 2 ¯ ), and 6.962(15)(0 0 1). The chemical composition is (average of sixteen analyses by LA–ICP–MS, H 2 O by TG–DTA, wt%): SiO 2 54.94, Al 2 O 3 0.01, FeO 0.38, MnO 0.80, MgO 0.04, CaO 34.14, Na 2 O 4.37, Li 2 O 2.52 and H 2 O 2.80. The empirical formula of murakamiite, based on 9 O apfu , is (Li 0.55 Na 0.46 ) Σ1.01 (Ca 1.98 Mn 0.04 Fe 0.02 ) Σ2.04 Si 2.98 O 8 (OH) 1.01 ; thus, muakamiite is a H-bearing pyroxenoid with three-periodicity of SiO 4 tetrahedra and the Li-analogue of pectolite. The species is named in honour of the late Professor Emeritus Nobuhide Murakami (1923–1994) of Yamaguchi University, Japan. Type specimens are housed in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan, and the Geological and Mineralogical Museum of Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Japan.

This paper reconsiders the successful currency outcome of the first arrow of Abenomics. The Japanese yen depreciation against the U.S. dollar after the introduction of the first arrow co-moves tightly with long-term yield differentials between Japan and the United States. The estimated term structure of the sensitivity of the currency return of the Japanese yen to the two-country interest rate differential indeed shifts up and becomes steeper after the onset of Abenomics. To explain this structural change in the term structure of the Fama regression coefficient, we employ a long-run risk model endowed with real and nominal conditional volatilities as in Bansal and Shaliastovich (2013). Under a plausible calibration, the model replicates the structural change when nominal uncertainty dominates real uncertainty in the U.S. bond market. We conjecture that the arrow was shot off from the U.S. side, not the Japan side.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:14:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:31:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2017000500495.pdf: 2603987 bytes, checksum: 6b896ed1558d20d74fcb241157ff0fd4 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study aimed to develop a locking T-plate and to evaluate its mechanical properties in synthetic models. A titanium 2.7mm T-plate was designed with a shaft containing three locked screw holes and one dynamic compression hole, and a head with two locked screw holes. Forty T-shaped polyurethane blocks, and 20 T-plates were used for mechanical testing. Six bone-plate constructs were tested to failure, three in axial compression and three in cantilever bending. Fourteen bone-plate constructs were tested for failure in fatigue, seven in axial compression and seven in cantilever bending. In static testing higher values of axial compression test than cantilever bending test were observed for all variables. In axial compression fatigue testing all bone-plate constructs withstood 1,000,000 cycles. Four bone- plate constructs failure occurred before 1,000,000 cycles in cantilever bending fatigue testing. In conclusion, the locking T-plate tested has mechanical properties that offer greatest resistance to fracture under axial loading than bending forces. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Cx. Postal 560, Rubião Júnior s/n Laboratório de Ensaios Mecânicos e Metalográficos (LEMM) IPAC, Rua Luiz Pengo 145 Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Cx. Postal 560, Rubião Júnior s/n

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique that provides cardiac and respiratory support for patients with severe heart failure. Remote monitoring of the ECMO device is very important, but there have been few reports on remote monitoring, and management of ECMO devices in use depends on medical staff. Therefore, we have developed a simple and practical system for remote monitoring of the ECMO device. By connecting a small PC to the ECMO device and using a custom-built application and MySQL server, we were able to monitor the operation status of the ECMO device from various remotely located communication terminals via a web browser. Because the remote monitoring procedure involves only a few steps and does not require large equipment or numerous wired connections around the ECMO device, it does not significantly burden medical staff. Using this approach, it is possible to monitor the operation status of the ECMO device from a remote location using a very simple system configuration.

Background The technical difficulties in utilising the force platform have stimulated the use and development of other gait systems. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the values of gait parameters obtained from a pressure-sensitive walkway and from a treadmill in healthy dogs during walking. Methods Twelve healthy, privately owned, Labrador retriever dogs were used. During each trial, each dog was led across the pressure-sensitive walkway utilising a loose leash to the right of the handler. The velocity was restricted to the range of 0.9 to 1.1 m/s and the acceleration between -0.15 and 0.15 m/s2 . For the treadmill, each dog also walked with leash loose on the treadmill. The treadmill speed was maintained at 0.9m/s. The temporospatial variables, and percentage of body weight distribution/percentage of pressure were evaluated between the two gait systems. Results For both forelimbs and hind limbs, significant differences were found between stance percentage, which was higher on treadmill, and swing percentage and stride length/stance distance, which were higher on the pressure-sensitive walkway. The duty factor value was 0.57 for the pressure-sensitive walkway and 0.60 for treadmill. Clinical relevance Each gait system has limitations, but also advantages that must be considered depending upon the variable and animal to be evaluated. The gait parameters obtained from the Tekscan pressure-sensitive walkway and Gait4Dog treadmill revealed differences in the temporospatial parameters between systems, but similarity in body-weight distribution/pressure percentage.

This study aimed to assess joint angle values in the forelimbs and hind limbs of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) using a conventional manual goniometer. Nine captive crab-eating foxes, aged over 1 yr old, weighing from 5.9 to 7.5 kg were used. The maximum flexion and maximum extension of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints were measured. The range of motion was determined through the difference between the maximum flexion and the maximum extension. There was no significant difference between the right and left sides in the goniometric measurements. The mean values of the range of motion for shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints were respectively 108°, 99°, 131°, 79°, 103°, and 86°. The goniometric values of the crab-eating foxes can be used as means of comparison with other animals from the same species for diagnostic purposes, research documentation, and evaluation of therapeutic procedures.

In the 1960s, Opitz discovered the formation of complex oxide protective layers (Belag) on worn surfaces of tools when cutting Ca deoxidized steel. Belag formation is used in a free-cutting technique for steel and cast iron because it significantly reduces diffusional wear by preventing direct contact between the tool and work material; hence, tool life can be dramatically prolonged. For Belag to form, one condition is that the tool material should contain TiC. It has been reported that Belag adheres to tool surfaces because TiC in the tool oxidizes and reacts with Belag. Our study aims to clarify the formation and adhesion mechanisms of Belag. In this study, Ca deoxidized steel was machined with noncoated carbide P10 tools, and the state of the interface between the tool and Belag layer was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental analyses. As a result, we found that Belag directly adhered to Ti carbide (Ti–W–C) particles on tool surfaces. In contrast, Belag did not directly adhere to WC or Co on tool surfaces. Unlike previous studies, we could not confirm the formation of the TiC oxide or its oxide layer near the interface to which Belag adhered. In addition, when we machined a Ca deoxidized steel containing MnS, a CaS layer formed in Belag at the interface between the tool and Belag layer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic and temporospatial parameters of clinically healthy juvenile giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) by using a pressure-sensing walkway. Three free-ranging clinically healthy giant anteaters (M. tridactyla), two males and one female, aged 5-7 mo, were used. There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides for the kinetic and temporospatial parameters for both forelimbs and hind limbs. Although the gait velocity was similar for all giant anteaters, the stride frequency was higher in the smaller anteaters. The difference in stride frequency is associated with body size, which also influenced other temporospatial parameters. The percentage of body distribution was higher on the forelimbs than the hind limbs. The contact surface and trajectory of the force of the forepaws differed from the hind paws. In conclusion, the anteaters have gait peculiarities associated with the anatomical differences between forelimbs and hind limbs.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T21:19:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 A spayed crossbred female dog was presented due to progressive weight loss, emesis and anorexia over the preceding month. A complete blood count, urinalysis, serum biochemical panel, and ultrasound were initially performed. Computed tomography urography was performed as a complementary exam. Based on ultrasound and CT findings an exploratory celiotomy was performed to remove hyperdense structures that could be the cause of the hydronephrosis and hydroureter in both kidneys. An extensive granulomatous reaction was found near the caudal pole to the left kidney. A nylon cable tie adhering firmly to this tissue was removed during surgical excision. On the dorsal surface of the bladder an extensive granulomatous reaction that had entrapped the right ureter was also noted. Another nylon cable tie was removed and the ureter was released. Eight months postoperatively, the dog was in good general physical condition, showing appetite and vigour. Abdominal ultrasonography showed improvement of the hydronephrosis in both kidneys. The urea ratio was normal, but the creatinine level was slightly elevated, suggesting a guarded prognosis. Thus, bilateral hydronephrosis as observed in the present study should be considered as a major complication after elective ovariohysterectomy. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil School of Engineer of Bauru (Foschini), University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil School of Engineer of Bauru (Foschini), University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of multilateral adjustment to U.S. external imbalances in driving bilateral real exchange rate movements by developing a new regime-switching model that consists of a Markov-switching model with a time-varying transition matrix that depends on a threshold variable. Consequently, the dynamics of the real exchange rate can be modeled in the context of two regimes: one in which multilateral adjustment to large U.S. external imbalances is an important factor driving movements in the real exchange rate and the second in which the real exchange rate is driven mainly by country-specific macroeconomic fundamentals. We apply this model to the bilateral real Canada–U.S. dollar exchange rate and compare its performance to several other alternative models. All of the models are estimated using a Bayesian approach. Our findings suggest that during periods of large U.S. imbalances, an exchange rate model for the real Canada–U.S. dollar exchange rate should allow for multilateral adjustment effects.

In Japan, drainage asphalt pavement (DAP) is widely used especially on the highway and the express way. However, because of the existing porous asphalt materials consist of DAP use polymer modified bitumen, and the aggregate gradation of DAP is differ from conventional mixture, it is difficult to use those porous asphalt materials as the recycled aggregate for reclaimed asphalt pavement. Therefore, the recycling method for recycled DAP which were consisted of recycled porous asphalt materials and virgin aggregates has not been established yet. This paper describes that the recycling method for recycled DAP was considered, and the workability and five years durability was also verified by trial construction of the recycle DAP and new DAP which were consisted of virgin aggregate on the national highway.

Conflicting results have been reported on segmental differences in expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) along the small intestine of animals and humans. In this study, we investigated P-gp mRNA and protein levels within each of nine segments of rat small intestine. In addition, P-gp activity in each segment was evaluated in terms of permeability of rhodamine123 (Rho123), a typical P-gp substrate, using the serial intestinal non-everted sac method. The P-gp mRNA levels tended to increase from the duodenum to the ileum, with peaks in the upper and lower ileum, while P-gp protein level reached its maximum in the middle ileum. The activity of P-gp was also the highest in the middle ileum, and was highly correlated with P-gp protein level. The double-peaked plasma concentration profile that was observed following oral administration of Rho123 to rats could be well reproduced by an intestinal compartmental kinetic model incorporating inter-segmental differences of absorption and excretion rate constants. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous distribution of P-gp along the small intestine plays a key role in causing the double-peak of plasma concentration of P-gp substrates following oral administration to rats.

Publicado pela primeira vez em 1979, o romance Os cus de Judas, de António Lobo Antunes, surge em um período em que a ficção portuguesa se dedica de modo muito consistente a uma revisão da história recente do país, imprimindo sobre as páginas um olhar para o passado que, expondo os absurdos de um regime político já então anacrônico, esboçasse caminhos para um futuro, senão melhor, ao menos possível. É verdade que tal discussão, com nuances diversas em prosa, não se inicia nesse fim de século xx, estando em pauta pelo menos desde o século anterior, na literatura de Almeida Garrett, Alexandre Herculano, Eça de Queirós -- para citar apenas alguns dos expoentes desse cenário.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) To evaluate the owner׳s ability to identify body condition in cats, based on questionnaire and scores, as well as to obtain others׳ information about the cat and the owner that may be related to the body condition. Seventy-seven owned cats, aged above 11 months, were evaluated. Initially, information was obtained on age, sex, breed, and whether they had been neutered. Next, owners were asked to fill a questionnaire: the first section was about the cat׳s diet type, feeding regime, and activity level, and the second section was on the owners׳ diet, physical activity, and physical condition. The owners estimated body condition of their cats before and after seeing drawings with images. The authors also estimated body condition. Only a 5-point visual scale showed significant difference between the cat׳s body score assigned by the owner before and after seeing drawings, and before seeing drawings compared with the cat׳s body score assigned by the authors. A weak positive correlation was detected between cat׳s body score assigned by the 2 authors and access to any type of cat climbing systems, and weak negative correlation was detected for the variable spayed or neutered. The cat׳s physical activity level showed weak negative correlation with cat׳s body score. There was a strong positive correlation between cat׳s body weight and cat׳s body score. The owners showed ability to identify body condition in cats after seeing the drawings in both visual scales, and there was a relationship between cat׳s body weight and body condition score. Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) CNPq: PIBIC 117025/2014-3 CNPq: PQ 300710/2013-5

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-04 Background: A prime concern of the gait analysis in a heterogeneous group of dogs is the potential influence of factors such as individual body size, body mass, type of gait, and velocity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in a heterogeneous group of dogs a possible correlation of the stride frequency with kinetic and temporospatial variables, as well as the percentage of body weight distribution (%BWD), and compare symmetry index (SI) between trotting and walking dogs. Twenty-nine clinically healthy dogs moving in a controlled velocity were used. The dogs were organized into two groups based on duty factor. Group 1 comprised 15 walking dogs, aged from 9 months to 8 years and weighing about 22.3 kg. Group 2 had 14 trotting dogs, aged from 1 to 6 years and weighing about 6.5 kg. The kinetic data and temporospatial parameters were obtained using a pressure-sensing walkway. The velocity was 0.9-1.1 m/s. The peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), gait cycle time, stance time, swing time, stride length, and percentages of body weight distribution among the four limbs were determined. For each variable, the SIs were calculated. Pearson's coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between stride frequency and other variables, initially in each group and after including all animals. Results: Except for the %BWD (approximately 60 % for the forelimbs and 40 % for the hind limbs), all other parameters differed between groups. Considering each Group individually a strong correlation was observed for most of the temporospatial parameters, but no significant correlation occurred between stride frequency and PVF, and stride frequency and %BWD. However, including all dogs a strong correlation was observed in all temporospatial parameters, and moderate correlation between stride frequency and VI, and weak correlation between stride frequency and PVF. There was no correlation between stride frequency and %BWD. Groups 1 and 2 did not differ statistically in SIs. Conclusions: In a heterogeneous group of dogs conducted at a controlled velocity, the %BWD and most of SIs presented low variability. However, %BWD seems to be the most accurate, since factors such as the magnitude of the variables may influence the SIs inducing wrong interpretation. Based on results obtained from correlations, the standardization of stride frequency could be an alternative to minimize the variability of temporospatial parameters. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Department of Veterinary Clinic

The paper studies exchange rate implications of trend inflation within a two-country New Keynesian (NK) model under incomplete international financial markets. A NK Phillips curve generalized by trend inflation with a positive long-run mean implies an expectational difference equation of inflation with higher-order leads of expected inflation. The resulting two-country inflation differential is smoother, more persistent, and more insensitive to a real exchange rate. General equilibrium then yields (i) a persistent real exchange rate with an autoregressive root close to one, (ii) a hump-shaped impulse response of a real exchange rate with a half-life longer than four years, (iii) a volatile real exchange rate relative to cross-country inflation differential, (iv) an almost perfect co-movement between real and nominal exchange rates and (v) a sharp rise in the volatility of a real exchange rate from a managed nominal exchange rate regime to a flexible one within an otherwise standard two-country NK model. Trend inflation, therefore, approaches empirical puzzles of exchange rates dynamics.