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SummaryAs a common neurological disease, epilepsy has been extensively studied. Efforts have been made on rodent and other animal models to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy and develop new drugs as treatment. However, the features of current epilepsy models cannot fully mimic different kinds of epilepsy in human, asking for non-human primates models of epilepsy. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that is widely used to study brain function. Here, we show a natural marmoset model of generalized epilepsy. In this unique marmoset family, generalized epilepsy was successfully induced by handling operation in some individuals. We mapped the marmoset family with handling-sensitive epilepsy and found that epileptic marmoset had an autosomal dominant genetic predisposition. Those marmosets were more sensitive to epilepsy inducers pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). By electrocorticogram (ECoG) recording, we detected epileptic discharge in marmoset with history of seizures. However, there was no significant change in the overall structure of epileptic marmoset brain. In summary, we report a family of marmosets with generalized seizures induced by handling operation. This epileptic marmoset family provides insights to better understand the mechanism of generalized epilepsy and helps to develop new therapeutic methods.Short summaryDespite the rodent and other animal models on epilepsy, a common neurological disease, the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy and treatment are yet to be advanced., Non-human primates are good experimental animals for modelling neurological disease. Here we report a common marmoset family with generalized epilepsy induced by handling stimulation. We mapped the epileptic marmoset family and found that epilepsy had a genetic predisposition. The present report deals in detail with the phenotypes and characteristics of epileptic marmosets. This natural marmoset reflect epilepsy model will help to better understand the mechanism of epilepsy and develop new therapeutic methods.

RESUMO ? Processos inovadores de aceleração do florescimento de espécies de Eucalyptus por top graftings (enxertias de topo), incluem a possibilidade de redução do tempo dos ciclos no melhoramento florestal. Esta permite a produção de linhagens florestais e torna o uso da Seleção Genômica Ampla operacional. O objetivo foi estabelecer metodologias para a realização de top graftings em genótipos autofecundados e de mudas juvenis, de Eucalyptus, visando aindução precoce de florescimento. As avaliações dos top graftings foram realizadas a cada 3 meses após as enxertias, quanto à sobrevivência, em variáveis de crescimento e florescimento. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o REML/BLUP e o teste Scott-Knott. Desta forma, foram determinados os efeitos dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Constatamos que a predisposição dos top graftings à enxertia varia de acordo com o material genético utilizado. A quantidade de botões florais e frutos produzidos pelos top graftings foi satisfatória para atestar sobre a eficiência da metodologia. As últimas avaliações realizadas demonstraram a capacidade de top graftings produzirem mais de 4 mil botões fl orais em um único enxerto. O florescimento permitiu que os polens fossem coletados, para serem utilizados em cruzamentos ou avanço de autofecundação nessas plantas S1 pela CENIBRA. Levando em consideração o desempenho dos enxertos para florescimento, a melhor época para realização de top grafitings varia de acordo com a sua finalidade, sendo que para a enxertia de genótipos autofecundados, o ideal é a época de 3 meses antes do florescimento. Já para a enxertia de mudas jovens, os top graftings de 6 meses antes apresentam melhores resultados para florescimento e crescimento de área de copa. Considerando as duas épocas de enxertia, a aplicação de paclobutrazol favorece o fl orescimento ainda mais precoce dos top graftings. Concluímos por fim, que a técnica é viável para Eucalyptus e pode ser replicada para as espécies do gênero, seguindo os procedimentos recomendados. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-22T02:07:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACELERACAO-DO-FLORESCIMENTO-EM-GENOTIPOS.pdf: 975182 bytes, checksum: 42b0944aceeb977ed38401a85f7b1c9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a zoonotic vector-borne neglected tropical disease transmitted\ud by female Phlebotomine sand flies. It is distributed globally but a large proportion of\ud cases (70–75%) are found in just ten countries. CL is endemic in Jordan yet there is a lack\ud of robust entomological data and true reporting status is unknown. This study aimed to map\ud habitat suitability of the main CL vector, Phlebotomus papatasi, in Jordan as a proxy for CL\ud risk distribution to (i) identify areas potentially at risk of CL and (ii) estimate the human population\ud at risk of CL. A literature review identified potential environmental determinants for P.\ud papatasi occurrence including temperature, humidity, precipitation, vegetation, wind speed,\ud presence of human households and presence of the fat sand rat. Each predictor variable\ud was (a) mapped; (b) standardized to a common size, resolution and scale using fuzzy membership\ud functions; (c) assigned a weight using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP); and\ud (d) included within a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) model to produce monthly maps\ud illustrating the predicted habitat suitability (between 0 and 1) for P. papatasi in Jordan. Suitability\ud increased over the summer months and was generally highest in the north-western\ud regions of the country and along the Jordan Valley, areas which largely coincided with highly\ud populated parts of the country, including areas where Syrian refugee camps are located.\ud Habitat suitability in Jordan for the main CL vector—P. papatasi—was heterogeneous over\ud both space and time. Suitable areas for P. papatasi coincided with highly populated areas of\ud Jordan which suggests that the targeted implementation of control and surveillance strategies\ud in defined areas such as those with very high CL vector suitability (>0.9 suitability)\ud would focus only on 3.42% of the country’s total geographic area, whilst still including a substantial\ud proportion of the population at risk: estimates range from 72% (European Commission’s\ud Global Human Settlement population grid) to 89% (Gridded Population of the World)\ud depending on the human population density data used. Therefore, high impact public health\ud interventions could be achieved within a reduced spatial target, thus maximizing the efficient\ud use of resources.