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To reduce the risk of heat-related illness, appropriate body cooling strategies are needed during men’s lacrosse competitions in hot-humid environments. The current study investigated whether additional in-play cooling breaks would attenuate the core (rectal) body temperature rise during exercise designed to mimic the activity patterns of a men’s lacrosse match while wearing uniform in hot-humid environments. In randomized and counterbalanced order, ten physically active men completed two experimental trials comprising four quarters of 15-min intermittent cycling exercises separated by a 10-min simulated half-time break and two 2-min quarter breaks in a climate chamber (35°C, 50% relative humidity). The two trials included a regular simulated match condition (REG) and a water break time out condition (WBTO) that included additional 2-min breaks 7.5-min into each quarter. Rectal temperature was significantly lower (p=0.017) in the WBTO condition (38.23±0.23°C) compared with the REG condition (38.50±0.46°C) at the end of the 4th quarter. In addition, ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, heart rate and the physiological strain index were significantly lower (all p

Stone removal using endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) is extremely effective. However, limited research exists regarding the risk factors for perforation of the duodenal papilla and bile duct, which may be fatal. We aimed to investigate the risk factors for perforation during EPLBD + stone removal. We included patients who underwent EPLBD + stone removal at four medical facilities between January 2008 and December 2018. We retrospectively analyzed the risk factors for perforation and their relationship between overdilation and adverse events. Overdilation was defined as a ratio of the balloon diameter to the diameter of the bile duct that exceeded 100%. The diameter of the distal bile duct was measured using the diameter of the intrapancreatic bile duct at a point 10 mm toward the liver from the narrow distal segment on a cholangiogram. We included 310 patients (177 males; median age: 79 years [range: 46–102 years]). Perforation occurred in five patients (1.6%). Multivariate analysis indicated that no surrounding-pancreas (half or less of the circumference of the intrapancreatic bile duct was surrounded by the pancreatic parenchyma) was a significant risk factor (perforation rate: 8.3%, p = 0.011, odds ratio: 12.7 [95% confidence interval: 1.8–90.5]). No significant difference was found between the overdilation and non-overdilation groups regarding the occurrence of pancreatitis, bleeding, and cholangitis. Perforation rate in patients with no surrounding pancreas + overdilation was 16.7% (2/12). Patients with perforation underwent conservative therapy, which improved their conditions. EPLBD + stone removal should be avoided in patients with no surrounding pancreas. Overdilation is not a risk factor for adverse procedural events; however, it should be limited in patients with surrounding pancreas.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is associated with complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Protease inhibitors, including nafamostat mesylate (NM), have been evaluated for prophylaxis against PEP. We describe the first multicenter randomized controlled trial assessing the prophylactic efficacy of NM against PEP. In this multicenter prospective study, we aimed to enroll 800 patients aged ≥ 20 years with a planned ERCP between December 2012 and March 2019. The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of PEP in patients who did not receive NM (non-NM) versus those who did (NM; 20 mg). Secondary outcomes included the incidence of PEP by NM initiation (pre- and post-ERCP), risk factors for PEP, and NM-related adverse events. Only 441 of the planned 800 patients were enrolled (non-NM: n = 149; NM: n = 292 [pre-ERCP NM: n = 144; post-ERCP NM: n = 148]). Patient characteristics were balanced at baseline with no significant differences between groups. PEP occurred in 40/441 (9%) patients (non-NM: n = 15 [10%]; NM: n = 25 [9%]), including 17 (12%) and eight (8%) in the pre-ERCP and post-ERCP NM groups, respectively. In the NM group, the incidence of PEP was lower in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. Pancreatic injection and double-guidewire technique were independent risk factors for PEP. NM-related adverse events of hyperkalemia occurred in two (0.7%) patients. We found no evidence for the prophylactic effect of NM against PEP, regardless of the timing of administration; however, further studies are needed.

Inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) may limit exercise performance. It has been reported that IMF occurs after various exercises; however, it remains unclear whether IMF occurs after tennis singles match play. The purpose of this study was to test whether tennis singles match play induced IMF. Nine female college tennis players participated in this study. The players were paired in accordance with their skill level, and then played a singles match for an effective playing time (EPT) of 20 minutes. A portable autospirometer was used to measure the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) before and immediately after the match as an index of IMF. Heart rate and perceptual measurements were recorded after every 2.5 minutes of effective playing time. The total match duration in this study was 96 ± 8 minutes. Post-match MIP was significantly lower than pre-match MIP (103 ± 21 cmH2O vs. 92 ± 22 cmH2O, p < 0.05, effect size = 0.47), and the magnitude of the decrease in MIP was 10.0 ± 9.7%. The present results show that IMF occurs after tennis singles match play in females.

In sample isolation processing by stereomicroscopy (SIPS), a technique used to assess the quality of specimens collected during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA), the cutoff value of stereomicroscopically visible white core (SVWC) (≥11 mm) indicates high diagnostic sensitivity. However, the procedure of SIPS is complicated and time-consuming. Therefore, we devised the stereomicroscopic on-site evaluation (SOSE), a new rapid assessment method that is simpler than SIPS and only determines if the SVWC cutoff value is attained. We aimed to examine the usefulness of SOSE in a multicenter, prospective setting.Seventy patients from multiple institutions with solid pancreatic masses suspected to be pancreatic cancer were included. EUS-TA was performed using a 22-gauge Franseen needle. SVWCs were measured on-site using stereomicroscopy. The primary outcome was the sensitivity of SVWC cutoff value in EUS-TA with SOSE.The total number of punctures was 214 and SOSE was performed on 150 punctures. The SVWC cutoff value collection rate was 100% per lesion, with 80% in the first pass, 79% in the second pass, and 78% per puncture in all passes. The median time taken to determine the SVWC cutoff value for SOSE was 47 s. The sensitivity of the SVWC cutoff value was 93.2% for histology and 96.6% for cytology + histology. The per-lesion accuracy of pathological diagnosis reached the highest level (98.6%) at the second puncture.SOSE showed high diagnostic sensitivity and may be a new rapid assessment method for the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic cancer using EUS-TA.

Small-sided games (SSGs) are common drills used in various team sports, but the exercise intensity in ultimate Frisbee SSG has not yet been investigated. To clarify the physical, physiological, and technical demands of ultimate Frisbee SSG, we investigated the influence of pitch size on exercise intensity during SSG. Nine male college ultimate Frisbee players played (3 vs. 3) SSG on small (SSGS: 30 × 15 m) and large (SSGL: 40 × 20 m) pitches, both SSGs comprised of four 4 min periods, interspersed by 5 min of passive recovery. Players’ mean heart rate (170 ± 8 and 171 ± 7 bpm), peak heart rate (184 ± 7 and 184 ± 5 bpm), and blood lactate concentration (11.3 ± 4.7 and 11.8 ± 4.6 mmol/L) were similar in SSGS and SSGL, respectively. The total distance covered (1984 ± 166 m and 1702 ± 80 m) and the distance covered during quick (860 ± 112 m and 696 ± 69 m) and high-intensity running (439 ± 95 and 255 ± 44) in SSGL were significantly longer than those in SSGS (p &lt, 0.05). Conversely, the number of accelerations (45 ± 3 and 41 ± 3) and decelerations (44 ± 3 and 40 ± 4), catching errors (2 ± 1 and 1 ± 1), and turnovers (8 ± 2 and 6 ± 2) in SSGS were significantly greater than those in SSGL (p &lt, 0.05). This study suggests that ultimate Frisbee SSG provides high-intensity training, which stimulates the glycolytic pathway. Furthermore, manipulating SSG pitch size effectively modulates the physical demands of SSG.

A novel derivatization reagent, (S)-1-(1-methylpyridin-2-yl)-3-aminopiperidine (MPAPp), was designed and developed for the enantiomeric separation by conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) and the sensitive electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) detection of chiral carboxylic acids. MPAPp reacted with the carboxylic acids at 60 °C within 5 min in the presence of a condensation agent to produce the positively-charged and diastereomeric derivatives. The MPAPp-derivatization enabled the satisfactory enantiomeric separation not only of the α- and β-chiral carboxylic acids [ketoprofen (KET), etodolac and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid], but also of the γ-chiral carboxylic acid [2-(γ-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxy-2,7,8-trimethylchroman (γ-CEHC)] with the resolution (Rs) values of 1.35–1.82. The derivatization also worked for the enantiomeric separation of the e-chiral carboxylic acid [α-lipoic acid, separation factor (α) = 1.04]. The detection responses of the MPAPp-derivatives were 25–500-times greater than the intact carboxylic acids, therefore, the low femtomolar derivatives were fully detected. The trace detection of a γ-CEHC enantiomer (limit of detection, 1.9 fmol on column) in saliva was achieved by the MPAPp-derivatization followed by LC/ESI-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic profiles of the KET enantiomers during/after the MOHRUS® patch application were also obtained from the saliva analysis using the MPAPp-derivatization based LC/ESI-MS/MS method, which was precise (intra- and inter-assay relative standard deviations

The effect of exercise on chemosensitivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) has been controversial. Most studies have been based on rebreathing to alter inspired CO2 which is poorly tolerated in exercise. Instead, inhaling a fixed 3% CO2 from rest to moderate exercise was found to be well tolerated by seven normal subjects enabling CO2 chemosensitivity to be studied with minimal negative reaction. Results showed that chemosensitivity to CO2 following 5–6 min of stimulation was significantly enhanced during mild exercise (p, Chemosensity to CO2 increases in exercise and promotes long term facilitation of ventilation.

Over the past few decades a considerable number of studies have been made on impact dynamics. Zheng and Hemami discussed a mathematical model of a robot that collides with an environment (Zheng & Hemami, 1985). When a robot arm fixed on the ground collides with a hard environment, the transition from the free space to constrained space may bring instability in the control system. Therefore, the impact between robots and environments has been the subject of controversy. Asada and Ogawa analyzed the dynamics of a robot arm interacting with an environment using the inverse inertia matrices (Asada & Ogawa, 1987). In the early 90’s, the optimum approach velocity for force-controlled contact has been enthusiastically studied (Nagata et al., 1990, Kitagaki & Uchiyama, 1992). Volpe and Khosla proposed an impact control scheme for stable hard-on-hard contact of a robot arm with an environment (Volpe & Khosla, 1993). Mills and Lokhorst proposed a discontinuous control approach for the tasks that require robot arms to make a transition from non-contact motion to contact motion, and from contact motion to non-contact motion (Mills & Lokhorst, 1993). Walker proposed measures named the dynamic impact measure and the generalized impact measure to evaluate the effects of impact on robot arms (Walker, 1994). Mandal and Payandeh discussed a unified control strategy capable of achieving a stable contact against both hard and soft environment (Mandal & Payandeh, 1995). Tarn et al. proposed a sensor-referenced control method using positive acceleration feedback and switching control strategy for robot impact control (Tarn et al., 1996). Space robots does not have fixed bases, therefore, an impact with other free-floating objects may bring the space robots a catastrophe. In order to minimize the impulsive reaction force or attitude disturbance at the base of a space robot, strategies for colliding using reaction null-space have been proposed (Yoshida & Nenchev, 1995, Nenchev & Yoshida, 1998). Most of the researches have been made to overcome the problems introduced by impacts between robots and environments. Some researchers have tried to use the advantages of impacts. When a robot applies a force statically on an environment, the magnitude of force is limited by the maximum torque of the actuators. In order to exert a large force on the environment beyond the limitation, applying impulsive force has been studied by a few researchers. Uchiyama performed a nail task by a 3-DOF robotic manipulator (Uchiyama, 1975). Takase et al. developed a two-arm robotic manipulator named Robot Carpenter, and performed sawing a wooden plate and nailing (Takase, 1990). Izumi and Hitaka proposed to use a flexible link manipulator for nailing task, because the flexible link has an advantage in absorbing an impact (Izumi & Kitaka, 1993).

The aim of this study was to examine whether the decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during constant work-rate exercise (CWE) with 3% carbon dioxide (COinf2/inf) inhalation could be caused by the combination of the decrease in COinf2/infoutput (V̇COinf2/inf) and the increase in oxygen uptake (V̇Oinf2/inf). In addition, we investigated the effect of 3% COinf2/infinhalation on cardiac output (Q̇) during CWE.Seven males (V̇Oinf2max/inf: 44.1±6.4 mL/min/kg) carried out transitions from low-load cycling (baseline; 40w) to light intensity exercise (45% V̇Oinf2 max/inf; 89.3±12.5 W) and heavy intensity exercise (80% V̇Oinf2max/inf; 186.5±20.2 W) while inhaling normal air (Air) or an enriched COinf2/infgas (3% COinf2/inf, 21% Oinf2/inf, balance Ninf2/inf). Each exercise session was 6 min, and respiratory responses by Douglas bag technique and cardiac responses by thoracic bio-impedance method were measured during the experiment.Ventilation for 3% COinf2/infwas higher than for air through the experiment (P0.05). Steady and non-steady state RER and V̇COinf2/inffor 3% COinf2/infwere less than for air in both light and heavy intensities (P0.05), but V̇Oinf2/infand Q̇ did not differ between the two conditions.3% COinf2/infinhalation induced the decrease in RER during CWE at light and heavy intensities, which was due to the decrease in V̇COinf2/inf. The promoted ventilation with 3% COinf2/infdid not lead to the increase in V̇Oinf2/inf. Moreover, 3% COinf2/infinhalation did not affect Q̇ during CWE at light and heavy intensities.

The present study investigated the effects of half-time (HT) break cooling using a fan and damp sponge on physiological and perceptual responses during the 2nd half of a repeated-sprint exercise in a hot environment. Eight physically active men performed a familiarization trial and two experimental trials of a 2×30-min intermittent cycling exercise protocol with a 15-min HT break in hot conditions (35°C, 50% relative humidity). Two experimental trials were conducted in random order: skin wetting with a fan (FANwet) and no cooling (CON). During the 2nd half, a repeated-sprint cycling exercise was performed: i. e., 5 s of maximal pedaling (body weight×0.075 kp) every minute, separated by 25 s of unloaded pedaling (80 rpm) and 30 s of rest. Rectal temperature, skin temperature (chest, forearm, thigh, and calf), heart rate, physiological strain index, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and comfort were significantly improved in the FANwet condition (P

The upcoming Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games may be held amid extremely high wet-bulb globe temperature conditions. Many studies have focused on countermeasures to prevent the reduction in exercise performance in the heat. However, cooling strategies for managing heat stress of staff and spectators remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the effects of a lightweight fan cooling device, namely a commercially available air-perfused rucksack, on physiological and perceptual responses during low-intensity exercise in a hot environment. Ten males walked (5.5 km/h, 2.0% gradient) for 60 min in hot conditions (35°C, 50% relative humidity). All participants performed two trials with and without the air-perfused rucksack, respectively. Air was blown onto the upper back and neck via two fans attached on either side of the rucksack. Rectal temperature, neck skin temperature, heart rate, and physiological strain index were significantly lower during walking (P

Extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a neoplastic skin disease of indeterminate origin with an unknown genetic cause. We performed a comprehensive genetic analysis or targeted gene sequencing in 48 patients with EMPD. We identified FOXA1 mutations, a GAS6–FOXA1 fusion gene, and somatic hotspot mutations in the FOXA1 promoter region in 11 of the 48 EMPD patients (11/48, 23%). Additional mutations were identified in PIK3CA (six patients) and in HIST1H2BB, HIST1H2BC, and SMARCB1 (one patient each), but none were found in other frequently mutated genes in cancer. A global gene expression analysis using EMPD clinical samples found the upregulation of PI3 kinase–AKT–mTOR signaling. ABCC11, which is specifically expressed in the apocrine secretory cells and is necessary for their sweat secretion, was upregulated in the EMPD samples. This upregulation suggests that Paget cells originate from apocrine secretory cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that FOXA1 expression was prevalent in all of the EMPD samples analyzed and was associated with estrogen receptor expression. Our genetic analysis indicates that EMPD frequently involves FOXA1 mutations. FOXA1 is a transcriptional pioneer factor for the estrogen receptor, and the present results suggest that certain treatments for hormone-dependent cancers could be effective for EMPD.

Extramammary Paget&rsquo, s disease (EMPD) is a neoplastic skin disease of indeterminate origin with an unknown genetic cause. We performed a comprehensive genetic analysis or targeted gene sequencing in 48 patients with EMPD. We identified FOXA1 mutations, a GAS6&ndash, FOXA1 fusion gene, and somatic hotspot mutations in the FOXA1 promoter region in 11 of the 48 EMPD patients (11/48, 23%). Additional mutations were identified in PIK3CA (six patients) and in HIST1H2BB, HIST1H2BC, and SMARCB1 (one patient each), but none were found in other frequently mutated genes in cancer. A global gene expression analysis using EMPD clinical samples found the upregulation of PI3 kinase&ndash, AKT&ndash, mTOR signaling. ABCC11, which is specifically expressed in the apocrine secretory cells and is necessary for their sweat secretion, was upregulated in the EMPD samples. This upregulation suggests that Paget cells originate from apocrine secretory cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that FOXA1 expression was prevalent in all of the EMPD samples analyzed and was associated with estrogen receptor expression. Our genetic analysis indicates that EMPD frequently involves FOXA1 mutations. FOXA1 is a transcriptional pioneer factor for the estrogen receptor, and the present results suggest that certain treatments for hormone-dependent cancers could be effective for EMPD.

The determination of urinary tetrahydroglucocorticoid (THGC) glucuronides might prove helpful in the diagnosis, pathophysiological analysis and assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of the diseases caused by abnormal cortisol secretion. We developed and validated a method for the determination of the THGC glucuronides in human urine using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry not requiring enzymatic hydrolysis. The method employed a derivatization using an ESI-enhancing reagent for carboxylic acids, 1-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl)carbonyl]piperazine (DAPPZ), and its isotopologue, 2H4-DAPPZ. The deproteinized urine samples were derivatized with DAPPZ. The 2H4-DAPPZ-derivatized standards of known amounts were then added to the DAPPZ-derivatized urine samples and served as the internal standards. The DAPPZ-derivatization enhanced the assay sensitivity and reduced the sample volume, and the use of 2H4-DAPPZ significantly improved the assay accuracy. The developed method enabled the separate quantification and profiling of the urinary THGC glucuronides and had a satisfactory application for the real sample analysis.

Peroral cholangioscopic lithotripsy is a useful procedure in patients with a normal gastrointestinal anatomy who have difficult-to-treat stones. We evaluated the usefulness of peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) using single-balloon enteroscope (SBE) in patients with difficult-to-treat stones who had undergone Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Among 118 patients (169 sessions) who underwent SBE-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to treat biliary stones after Roux-en-Y reconstruction, patients in whom it was difficult to remove biliary stones via a transpapillary or transanastomotic approach and difficult to switch to ultra-slim endoscope, were retrospectively enrolled. The biliary insertion success rate, procedure success rate, procedure time, and procedural complications were assessed. The SBE was inserted into the bile-duct, first using a free-hand technique, second using a guide wire, and third using the large balloon anchoring and deflation (LBAD) technique. A total of 11 patients (14 sessions) were enrolled in this study. The biliary insertion success rate was 100%. Bile-duct insertion was performed using a free-hand technique in 4 sessions, a guide wire in 3 sessions (rendezvous technique, 2 sessions), and the LBAD technique in 7 sessions. The procedure success rate was 86% in first session, and 100% in second session. The median procedure time was 81 min (range 49–137). The median procedure time in the bile-duct was 21.5 min (range 6–60). Mild pancreatitis occurred as a complication in one patient. The median follow-up was 528 days (range 282–764). No patient had stone recurrence. PDCS using SBE is a useful procedure in patients with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The LBAD technique is an useful technique of inserting SBE into the bile-duct.

BACKGROUND Outdoor exercise often proceeds in rainy conditions. However, there are very few studies reporting the physiological effects of cold with rain or wet-cold exposure on humans during exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rain on physiological responses during running exercise at 80% VOmax in the cold. METHODS Twelve healthy men (age: 21.7±3.3 years; height: 1.760±0.085 m; body weight: 68.8±7.1 kg; maximal oxygen consumption: 67.3±5.00 mL/kg/min) exercised on a treadmill at 80% VOmax intensity for 60 minutes with rain (RAIN) or not (CON) at 5 °C. RESULTS Rectal temperature was significantly lower in RAIN than in CON at 10, 40, 50, and 60 minutes (P

The efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) plus gemcitabine (GEM) in elderly Japanese patients with pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the tolerability and efficacy of nab-PTX + GEM in Japanese patients aged ≥ 75 years with non-curatively resectable pancreatic cancer. We treated eligible patients (n = 27) with nab-PTX + GEM until disease progression, appearance of adverse events, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoints included adverse events as well as dosing- and survival-related parameters. The rates of 2-cycle completion were 48.1% for nab-PTX and 55.6% for GEM; the relative dose intensities for the 7th (median) treatment cycle were 65.1% and 74.1%, respectively, whereas the dose-reduction rates were 81.5% and 48.1%, respectively. Grade 3 or higher hemotoxicity was observed in 14 of 27 subjects (51.9%); moreover, 22% experienced grade ≥ 3 peripheral nerve disorder and 1 patient (3.7%) died owing to chemotherapy-related interstitial pneumonia. The disease control rate was 92.6% (25/27), while the median progression-free and overall survival times were 7 and 10.3 months, respectively. The nab-PTX + GEM regimen is as efficacious in elderly patients who meet certain criteria as it is in previously reported non-elderly patients. The regimen is feasible with appropriate dose adjustments and attention to adverse events. Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000018907.

Cutaneous adenocarcinoma consists of primary and metastatic lesions. The majority of primary adenocarcinoma lesions originate in sweat glands. The category of malignant sweat gland tumours includes highly heterogeneous tumours [1].Primary cutaneous cribriform carcinoma (PCCC), an extremely rare sweat gland carcinoma, was first described by Requena et al. [2] in 1988. In this report, the PCCCs were solitary skin nodules, commonly located on the extremities. Characteristic histopathological features [...]

Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors made with amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) that have significant conventional or inverse MR effects at room temperature were fabricated. A high-temperature a-IGZO MR thin-film transistor exhibited a giant inverse MR effect of up to −69% at 25 mT. The detailed measurement results are reported and the mechanism for generation of the MR effect is discussed.

Lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batterry is a promising alternative energy storage device due to its high theoretical specific capacity, low density, and abundance of sulfur. However, lithium polysulfides (Li2S x ) produced during discharge have been known to dissolve in conventional organic electrolytes, resulting in self-discharge due to the shuttle mechanism. Moreover, the improvement of the Li metal anode is also necessary to realize the Li-S battery. It has been found that the solubility of Li2S x is very low in the solvate ionic liquids (SILs) composed of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (LiTFSA) and tetraglyme (G4, CH3(OCH2CH2)4OCH3).1 We have reported the deposition and dissolution of Li in the SILs with different compositions [2]. Formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode in the SILs was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Recently, a highly concentrated LiTFSA/sulfolane (SL) is considered as a candidate for the electrolyte of Li-S battery because of the low solubility of Li2S x and fast Li+ conduction caused by the hopping mechanism [3]. In the present study, the charge-discharge performance of a Li metal anode was investigated in a SL-based electrolyte from a point of view of the SEI formation on Li. The electrolyte was prepared by mixing LiTFSA, SL and 1,1,2,2,-tetrafluoroethl 2,2,3,3,-tetrafluoropropyl (HFE) at 20.0-40.0-40.0 mol%. HFE was added to reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte. The SILs were prepared by mixing LiTFSA or LiFSA and G4 at 50.0-50.0 mol%. The water contents in the SL-based electrolyte and SILs were less than 50 ppm, which was determined by Karl Fischer titration. The charge-discharge measurements were conducted using a 2032 coin-type Li|LiFePO4 cell. Celgard 3501 was used as a separator. Li electrode was immersed in LiTFSA-G4 or LiFSA-G4 SILs to form SEI before the measurements. Charge–discharge cycle test was performed at a current density of 0.371 mA cm–2 with a charge density of 1.0 C cm–2. The characterization of SEI on the anode was carried out by TEM and XPS using air-tight transfer holders without exposure to air. The larger polarization and lower columbic efficiency for deposition and dissolution of Li (with the cut-off potential of 2.0 V vs. Li|Li(I)) were observed in the SL-based electrolyte compared with those in LiTFSA-G4 SILs probably due to the inhomogeneous and/or unstable SEI on the anode. On the other hand, the cyclability was improved even in the SL-based electrolyte using the Li electrode immersed in LiTFSA-G4 or LiFSA-G4 SILs for 24 hours before the measurements. In the case of Li immersed in LiFSA-G4 SIL, charge-discharge operation can be achieved for more than 500-cycle. The SEI formed on the anode in the SIL was suggested to be ticker than that in the SL-based electrolyte by TEM observation. The SEI formed in the SILs was considered to work even in the SL-based electrolyte, resulting in the improvement of the reversibility of the Li anode. Acknowledgment This study was supported by the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development of Program (ALCA) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST). Reference K. Dokko, N. Tachikawa, K. Yamauchi, M. Tsuchiya, A. Yamazaki, E. Takashima, J.-W. Park, K. Ueno, S. Seki, N. Serizawa, and M. Watanabe, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160, A1304 (2013). Y. Katayama, N. Tachikawa, and N. Serizawa, 235th ECS meeting, Abst#A02-265, Dallas, (2019). 3. A. Nakanishi, K. Ueno, D. Watanabe, Y. Ugata, Y. Matsumae, J. Liu, M. L. Thomas, K. Dokko, and M. Watanabe, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 14229 (2019).