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1. Natural rubber contributions to mitigation of climate change

Author

Kadir, Aziz B.S.A., Gitz, Vincent, Gohet, Eric, Jacob, James, Nair, Lekshmi, Pinizzotto, Salvatore, Nguyen Anh Nghia, Blagodatsky, Sergey, Brady, Michael, Cerutti, Paolo Omar, Chen, Bangqian, Duchelle, Amy E., Fairuzah, Zaida, Febbiyanti, Tri Rapani, Gay, Frédéric, Jessy, M.D., Martius, Christopher, Matsui, Minami, Meybeck, Alexandre, Nouvellon, Yann, Omokhafe, K.O., Othman, Ramli, Penot, Eric, Rodrigo, Lakshman, Rubaizah, Fatima, Sainte Beuve, Jérôme, Singh, Ashdeepak, Tajuddin, Ismail, Thaler, Philippe, Wijaya, Thomas, Wjiesuriya, Wasana, Kadir, Aziz B.S.A., Gitz, Vincent, Gohet, Eric, Jacob, James, Nair, Lekshmi, Pinizzotto, Salvatore, Nguyen Anh Nghia, Blagodatsky, Sergey, Brady, Michael, Cerutti, Paolo Omar, Chen, Bangqian, Duchelle, Amy E., Fairuzah, Zaida, Febbiyanti, Tri Rapani, Gay, Frédéric, Jessy, M.D., Martius, Christopher, Matsui, Minami, Meybeck, Alexandre, Nouvellon, Yann, Omokhafe, K.O., Othman, Ramli, Penot, Eric, Rodrigo, Lakshman, Rubaizah, Fatima, Sainte Beuve, Jérôme, Singh, Ashdeepak, Tajuddin, Ismail, Thaler, Philippe, Wijaya, Thomas, and Wjiesuriya, Wasana

Abstract

The potential of natural rubber to contribute to climate change mitigation is often overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize available research, mainly from the results of a recent workshop organised by IRSG in collaboration with CIFOR/FTA, IRRDB and CIRAD. Studies have been conducted on the potential contribution of rubber plantations to climate change mitigation in diverse situations, generally focusing on carbon stocked in tree biomass above and below ground. 2 They show that rubber plantations constitute carbon stocks that can be compared to some agroforestry or forestry systems. However, the global GHG emissions balance needs to take into account the effects of conversion to rubber plantation, which is strictly dependent on the previous land use. Conversion of forests or swidden agriculture can lead to substantial carbon emissions especially if swidden agriculture displaced by rubber in turn translates to an area where it converts natural forest. Such studies show the importance of promoting the renewal of existing plantations and to increase productivity, in rubber and associated crops, to reduce the need for additional land. Rubber plantations can also be an effective mitigation measure on degraded lands. There is a considerable potential in use of rubber wood, largely untapped, that would reduce the need for additional wood collection in forests and for timber plantations. Finally, natural rubber and rubber wood can substitute other products highly dependent of fossil energies and are themselves carbon sinks.

Published
2022

2. Natural rubber contributions to adaptation to climate change

Author

Jacob, James, Gitz, Vincent, Gohet, Eric, Kadir, Aziz B.S.A., Nair, Lekshmi, Pinizzotto, Salvatore, Nguyen Anh Nghia, Blagodatsky, Sergey, Brady, Michael, Cerutti, Paolo Omar, Chen, Bangqian, Duchelle, Amy E., Fairuzah, Zaida, Febbiyanti, Tri Rapani, Gay, Frédéric, Jessy, M.D., Martius, Christopher, Matsui, Minami, Meybeck, Alexandre, Nouvellon, Yann, Omokhafe, K.O., Othman, Ramli, Penot, Eric, Rodrigo, Lakshman, Rubaizah, Fatima, Sainte Beuve, Jérôme, Singh, Ashdeepak, Tajuddin, Ismail, Thaler, Philippe, Wijaya, Thomas, and Wjiesuriya, Wasana

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present research results relative to impacts of Climate Change on natural rubber production, potential means of adaptation and contribution of rubber to livelihoods resilience to climate change following a recent workshop organized by IRSG in collaboration with CIFOR/FTA, IRRDB and CIRAD. Climate change already impacts rubber production. In some regions longer dry seasons and more variable precipitations threaten the survival of young plants. Rubber has never been planted in areas with an average temperature higher than 28°C; as latex flow after tapping depends on temperature, higher temperatures may have a severe impact on production. Abnormal rains can also disrupt tapping. These modifications will drive a shift of climatically favourable areas. Most pests and diseases affecting rubber are strongly influenced by climate conditions. Climate change is thus likely to modify their distribution and impacts. Without adaptation natural rubber production is projected to decline, in a context of otherwise increasing rubber demand. Three types of adaptation measures can be mobilized: management, breeding, and medium-term planning of plantation renewals and expansion in marginal areas. Management measures include partially shading young plants, mulching them, partial irrigation and life-saving irrigation to address increased risks of drought as well as adopting measures that reduce runoff. Systematic use of rain guards can address impacts of heavy rains on tapping. Better monitoring, prevention and early intervention can reduce damage by pests and diseases. Genomic assisted selection and collection of wild germplasm can support breeding progress towards high yielding, climate resilient and disease resistant clones. Such measures need to be supported by policies promoting the renewal of plantations and changes of practice. As shown by Sri Lanka the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) can offer opportunities to develop an integrated approach to adaptation of rubber to climate change and to contribute to the adaptation of smallholders.

Published
2022

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