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Introduction: A common neurosurgical condition, chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) typically affects older people with other underlying health conditions. The care of this potentially vulnerable cohort is often, however, fragmented and suboptimal. In other complex conditions, multidisciplinary guidelines have transformed patient experience and outcomes, but no such framework exists for cSDH. This paper outlines a protocol to develop the first comprehensive multidisciplinary guideline from diagnosis to long-term recovery with cSDH. Methods: The project will be guided by a steering group of key stakeholders and professional organisations and will feature patient and public involvement. Multidisciplinary thematic working groups will examine key aspects of care to formulate appropriate, patient-centered research questions, targeted with evidence review using the GRADE framework. The working groups will then formulate draft clinical recommendations to be used in a modified Delphi process to build consensus on guideline contents. Conclusions: We present a protocol for the development of a multidisciplinary guideline to inform the care of patients with a cSDH, developed by cross-disciplinary working groups and arrived at through a consensus-building process, including a modified online Delphi.

The developmental and reproductive biology of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), a devastating polyphagous pest, were studied on five vegetables in summer (27-36 °C, RH 81-85 %) and winter (5-19 °C, RH 70-75 %) under prevailing laboratory conditions. Immature developmental time and adult longevity were inversely related to seasons. The results indicated that the development of the mite increased more rapidly on bean in summer than on the other tested hosts. The longest developmental period was 41.94 and 41.07 days for females and males, respectively, in winter when T. urticae was fed on cowpea. In contrast, it was the shortest (11.25 and 10.39 days) in summer while reared on bean. Lifetime fecundity (62.71) and daily fecundity (5.48) was the highest on bean in summer. The sex ratio (female:male) was the highest (0.76) on cowpea and the lowest (0.66) on brinjal in winter. Survivorship during immature development varied from 82.14 to 95.65 %, with the lowest rate in summer when reared on bean. Life table parameters were analysed and the generation time (T) was found the lowest (20.37) in summer when fed on bean, net reproductive rate (R0) was the highest (36.29) in summer on cowpea and both intrinsic rate of natural increase, rm (0.17), and finite rate of increase, λ (1.19), were the highest in summer when fed on bean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consuming 5 or more cups of fruits and vegetables (F & V) per day or 400 g/day for adults is advocated by most health authorities and has short-term and long-term health benefits. There have been numerous studies examining dietary behaviors among different US populations; however, the literature on F & V consumption behavior among Asian Americans (AAs) is sparse. AAs constitute a diverse group and as their population continues to grow in the US; there is a greater need to examine the health practices of AAs and their constituent subgroups. The study aimed to conduct a thematic analysis based on a scoping review of the peer-reviewed published literature over the past 15 years targeting F & V consumption among AAs. The thematic analysis was organized around the prevalence, consequences, determinants, and interventions ( n = 33). AAs consuming recommended servings of F & V ranged from 0.5% to 20%. Correlations between the consumption of F & V and Body Mass Index (BMI) and other chronic diseases were reported as negative and significant associations were noted between F & V intake and self-reported health. There was only 1 intervention that was conducted with this behavior in only 1 small subgroup of this target population. There is an urgent need to study F & V consumption behavior among different AA subgroups as well as to design culturally appropriate theory-based efficacious F & V promotion interventions for them.

Development and reproduction of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) were studied under laboratory conditions (Temp.25±1°C; RH 70-80%; LD 16:8) to determine the influence of three apple cultivars (Fuji, Tsugaru and Hongro). The results indicated that the development of the mite increased more rapidly on Fuji than rest of the studied cultivars. Developmental periods of the mite were 7.06±0.14, 7.14±0.09 and 7.58±0.17 days in the cultivars of Fuji, Tsugaru and Hongro, respectively. Mortality (%) was 26.00±0.36, 30.11±0.73 and 40.11±0.53 and sex ratio were 75.88±0.60, 74.05±0.46 and 80:07±0.61 on Fuji, Tsugaru and Hongro, in that sequence. Oviposition periods were 17.28±0.28, 22.06±0.36 and 27.72±0.62 days with the adult longevity of 20.89±0.30, 26.22±0.31 and 31.44±1.00 days on Fuji, Tsugaru and Hongro cultivars, respectively. Those completed their lifecycle around the average of 27.94±0.37, 33.36±0.37 and 39.03±0.97 days, on Fuji, Tsugaru and Hongro cultivars, correspondingly. T. urticae performed better fecundity on Tsugaru than on the other cultivars, due mainly to high egg production (75.20±1.16 eggs/female) followed by Fuji (71.17±1.17 eggs female-1) and Hongro (45.44±1.62 eggs/female). Mean generation time (T) of the population ranged from 16.73 days on Fuji while 20.18 days on Hongro. The net reproduction rate Ro was high on Fuji (47.36) and low on Hongro (32.72). The highest rm occurred on Fuji (0.23 ♀/♀/day) and the lowest on Hongro (0.18♀/♀/day). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Yoga, a mind-body exercise, utilizes breathing techniques with low-impact physical activity that may be an alternative treatment for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine yoga interventions for patients at-risk for and/or suffering from cardiovascular disease. The inclusion criteria for interventions were ( a ) published in the English language between 2005 and 2015; ( b ) indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, or Alt HealthWatch; ( c ) employed a quantitative design; and ( d ) applied a yoga intervention. Twelve interventions met the inclusion criteria, of which, all documented significant improvements in one or more factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Limitations to the studies in this review included a lack of studies adhering to the inclusion criteria, small sample sizes, and high attrition rates. Despite the limitations, this review demonstrates the clear potential yoga has as an alternative and complementary means to improve cardiovascular disease risk.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are the third ranking cause of death worldwide. A systematic review was conducted to determine the efficacy of tai chi as a therapy to relieve symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma. Inclusion criteria were ( a ) published in the English language, ( b ) between the period January 2008 and July 2012, ( c ) included tai chi or any form of modified tai chi as a therapy in an intervention, ( d ) used any quantitative study design, and ( e ) measured chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma as an outcome. A total of 5 interventions from 6 studies met these criteria. Tai chi as an effective therapy for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is still difficult to determine, although the result listed here are promising. Limitations include small sample sizes, high attrition rates, and short intervention durations.

Presents the poem "Panther," by H Masud Taj. First Line: When forests expel; Last Line: in the mind of a craving.

Presents the poem "Tiger," by H Masud Taj. First Line: Do not take my name by day; Last Line: And then I turn to the one who calls.

Presents the poem "Goat," by H Masud Taj. First Line: I feel, Last Line: Bodies continue to have tongues.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is the primary challenge for health worldwide. The widespread of food poisoning due to use of stored food items increasing day by day. The present study was designed to research the protective effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis methanolic extract again selected strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus). The treatment was used for several concentrations and then characterized on the basis of temperature and pH variations. Results were observed by MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) against these strains. It was noted that maximum inhibition of E. camaldulensis against E.coli (5.6mm) was observed at 250 mg/mL while it was 3.6mm against B. cereus at 200 mg/mL, Staph. aureus showed maximum (3.1mm) zone at 250 mg/mL. at variable temperature of E. camaldulensis extract, it was observed that MIC of B. cereus was 6.4mm at 80 °C. For other strains the results revealed that the maximum zone against B. subtilis was 5.7mm at 121 °C and for Staph. aureus it was 6.6mm at 80 °C. By observing the results by changing pH it was observed that MIC produced against B. cereus was 6.2mm at 7pH, against B. subtilis zone of inhibition was 7.2mm at 5pH, for E.coli it was 5.4mm at 3pH. Means of all the variable results of different (concentration, pH and temperature) were compared by using one way ANOVA. The current study suggested that the methanolic extract of E. camaldulensis was found effective in control of antibiotic resistant strains and this study strengthens the fact of using herbal solutions for control of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections.

Background: The molecular architecture of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of AML. There remains a scarcity of data elucidating the specific genetic profile of AML in obese patients., Methods: We conducted a review of adult patients treated at our institution for newly diagnosed AML from January 1, 2017, to January 1, 2023. Obesity is defined as BMI > 30 kg/m 2 . Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pathologic data were collected retrospectively. The primary outcome of interest was the molecular features of obese compared to non-obese AML patients. The secondary outcome was overall survival (OS). Inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) used to balance both groups on several confounding variables., Results: A total of 185 patients were included in the analysis. 90 (49%) were obese. Compared with non-obese patients, obese patients were younger and more likely to be females (55 vs. 63, p = 0.04, 55% vs. 38%, p value, p = 0.02, respectively). After matching on age, gender, and ethnicity, obese patients exhibit lower rates of total number of gene mutations (median 2.7 vs. 3.2, p = 0.05), significantly lower rates of mutations in transcriptional factor genes (15.7% vs. 33.2%, p = 0.01), and near-significant in spliceosome genes (12% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.08), and higher rates of NPM1 mutation (23.3% vs. 12.6%, p = 0.08). Median OS was not significantly different in the matched cohort., Conclusions: The molecular features of obese AML patients significantly differ from non-obese counterparts. These findings suggest distinct underlying mechanisms in leukemogenesis in obese patients., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The effects of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) on the growth, physiology, and gas exchange parameters of two varieties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under cadmium (Cd) stress were examined. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 72 pots. Two varieties of S. oleracea (Desi Palak & Lahori Palak) were used. Two concentrations of Cd (0 µM and 150 µM) in the form of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) were used. Two levels of SNP (0 ppm and 100 ppm) and two levels for each form of Mg i.e. MgSO 4 and MgO-NPs (0 and 200 ppm) were foliar sprayed on plants in control and Cd stress. Both varieties behaved similarly under Cd stress and caused reductions in growth, physiology, gas exchange, water content parameters and inorganic ion uptake. However, the biochemical parameters like relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) contents were increased. However, all foliar spray treatments increased growth, physiological and gas exchange parameters, water content and inorganic ion uptake. However, this reduced the MDA, RMP, and H 2 O 2 contents. Desi Palak showed the more positive results under foliar application of MgO-NPs. However, Lahori palak showed more positive results under the SNP + MgO-NP treatment. It is concluded that foliar application of SNP, MgSO 4 and MgO-NPs could be an innovative approach to alleviated the heavy metals (Cd) toxicity in crop plants., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Copper (Cu) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression by acting as a co-factor that regulates the activity of many enzymes and structural proteins in cancer cells. Therefore, Cu-based complexes have been investigated as novel anticancer metallodrugs and are considered as a complementary strategy for currently used platinum agents with undesirable general toxicity. Due to the high failure rate and increased cost of new drugs, there is a global drive towards the repositioning of known drugs for cancer treatment in recent years. Disulfiram (DSF) is a first-line antialcoholism drug used in clinics for more than 65 yr. In combination with Cu, it has shown great potential as an anticancer drug by targeting a wide range of cancers. The reaction between DSF and Cu ions forms a copper diethyldithiocarbamate complex (Cu(DDC) 2 also known as CuET) which is the active, potent anticancer ingredient through inhibition of NF-κB and ubiquitin-proteasome system as well as alteration of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Importantly, DSF/Cu inhibits several molecular targets related to drug resistance, stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis and is thus considered as a novel strategy for overcoming tumour recurrence and relapse in patients. Despite its excellent anticancer efficacy, DSF has proven unsuccessful in several cancer clinical trials. This is likely due to the poor stability, rapid metabolism and/or short plasma half-life of the currently used oral version of DSF and the inability to form Cu(DDC) 2 at relevant concentrations in tumour tissues. Here, we summarize the scientific rationale, molecular targets, and mechanisms of action of DSF/Cu in cancer cells and the outcomes of oral DSF ± Cu in cancer clinical trials. We will focus on the novel insights on harnessing the immune system and hypoxic microenvironment using DSF/Cu complex and discuss the emerging delivery strategies that can overcome the shortcomings of DSF-based anticancer therapies and provide opportunities for translation of DSF/Cu or its Cu(DDC) 2 complex into cancer therapeutics., Competing Interests: VK is the Science Projects Manager and WW is the Director and CSO of Disulfican Ltd, an early-stage University spin-out company, with patents and a pre-clinical data package for a proprietary formulation of encapsulated disulfiram for cancer therapy. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Kannappan, Ali, Small, Rajendran, Elzhenni, Taj, Wang and Dou.)

Myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is an uncommon clinical entity and occurs in less than 1% of all patients with multiple myeloma. MPE indicates a progression of disease, therefore is associated with a poor prognosis and estimated median survival of <3 months. Treatment of MPE is challenging, and the data regarding the role of novel agents lack in the literature. Herein, we report a relapsed IgA myeloma case of a patient presenting with MPE, who was treated with pomalidomide with a very good partial response., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)