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A matéria orgânica do solo tem significativa importância na influência das propriedades biológicas, físicas e químicas do solo. A incorporação do carbono orgânico no solo (COS) decorrente da decomposição da matéria orgânica resulta no sequestro do carbono da atmosfera, visto que os solos conseguem estocar de duas a três vezes mais carbono do que a soma de estoque da atmosfera com a vegetação (MACHADO, 2005).

In this review, we present an historic account of the work on the diversity of fungi associated with plants of the Cerrado Biome, including an overview of the studies carried out by the research group of the Mycological Collection connected to the Herbarium UB (Universidade de Brasília), and the rust fungi in Herbarium IBI (Instituto Biológico, São Paulo). The contributions to Cerrado mycology from the early 19th century to the present days were highlighted. Illustrative maps were included to show the geographical distribution of the main fungal groups, associated with native plants of the Cerrado, belonging to the five predominant orders: Pucciniales (rust fungi), Phyllachorales (tar-spot fungi), Capnodiales (cercosporoid fungi: Family Mycosphaerellaceae), as well as Meliolales and Asterinales (black mildews).

Several fungi use a wide range of plant species as hosts and others have high specificity for the host plant, invasive plants included. In this compilation, 676 fungal records associated to 102 species of invasive plants are recognized in Cuba, some of them are host specific and others are known from several hosts. Most of the fungal records are representatives of Ascomycota and also most of these records were found on/in leaves. The plant species Syzygium jambos, Bambusa vulgaris, Psidium guajava, Delonix regia, Citrus aurantium, Casuarina equisetifolia and Citrus × aurantiifolia are the ones with the highest numbers of associated fungi.

Spegazzinia affinis sp. nov. collected on dead leaves of sugarcane from Cuba is described and illustrated. It is characterized by lobed and echinulate, brown to mid brown type "b" conidia. Its differences and affinities with S. flabellata, S. sundara and S. tessarthra are discussed and a key to known species of the genus is provided.

Ingoldian fungi have a worldwide distribution, but the most species have been described from temperate regions. In Brazil, the studies of Ingoldian fungi started in the 1980’s in the Atlantic Forest, the state of São Paulo. Later studies extended to other biomes such as the Cerrado, Caatinga and Amazon. The aim of this study is to improve our understanding of the occurrence and distribution of Ingoldian fungi in Brazil. Here, we include and discuss several new records for Brazil associated with submerged leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense and provide a checklist, a key and illustrations for all species of the Ingoldian fungi recorded from Brazil, as well as distribution maps. Flagellospora stricta is a new record to the Americas; Dendrosporomyces prolifer and Geniculospora inflata to the Neotropics; Pyramidospora casuarinae and Triscelophorus monosporus are new records to the Caatinga. With the new additions of species associated with submerged leaves of C. brasiliense, a total of 85 taxa of Ingoldian fungi are now recorded in Brazil. Nineteen taxa are reported from the Amazon, 53 from the Atlantic Forest, 39 from the Caatinga and 21 from the Cerrado.

Crepe jasmine, Tabernaemontana divaricata (Apocynaceae), is a popular flowering shrub in Cuba. Native of Southeast Asia, it is one of approximately 100 ornamental species in the genus. In March 2010, a rust was observed on leaves of plants…

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) constitutes the most important legume food crop in Cuba. Alone or with rice, dry beans are the core of the daily Cuban diet. Beans are widely cultivated all over the country with approximately 150,584 ha…

In March 2010, rust lesions were observed on leaves of hybrid gladiolus plants in a garden located in the outskirts of Santiago de Cuba city and in a flower production field in Guira de Melena (Santiago de Cuba and Havana provinces …