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A comprehensive teaching experiment plan tailored forthird-yearundergraduates has been developed. Initially, instructors synthesize(E)-2-(4-((4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methylphenyl)­diazenyl)­phenoxy)-ethan-1-ol­(M-Azo-2)monomer as part of the preclass preparation. Subsequently, studentsperform an acylation reaction experiment to prepare an azobenzenederivative containing cross-linking points on both sides. This derivativeis then combined with poly­(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate in theabsence of external solvent under conditions conducive to radicalpolymerization, resulting in a thin film that exhibits light-wet dual-stimulationresponsiveness. This process enables students to comprehend both thechemical reactivity and photoisomerization propensity of azobenzeneto effectively bridge elements of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry.The experiment demonstrates three vivid and novel biomimetic phenomena:"color-changing flowers", "phototropic seedlings",and "mimosa", which display photochromic, light-induceddeformation, and humidity-responsive behavior of the film, respectively.This experiment enhances students' appreciation for the applicationpotential of biomimetic materials and fosters innovative scientificthinking.

Abstract Background Current guidelines regarding plasma-sampling techniques for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination are inconsistent. Single-sample methods are commonly believed not to be precise enough to meet clinical demands. The present study compared the agreement between single- and dual- plasma sampling methods with a three-point plasma clearance of iohexol. Methods A total of 46 healthy volunteers and 124 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with varying degrees of renal dysfunction received 5 ml iohexol (300 mgI/ml) i.v. and plasma samples were drawn at 2-, 3- and 4-h post-injection. Plasma-iodine concentrations were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Bias was similar among single-plasma sampling methods (SPSM) and dual-plasma sampling methods (DPSM). The best correlation was obtained from the 2- and 4-h DPSM (concordance correlation coefficient [CCC]: 0.9988) with none of the estimates differed by more than 30% from the reference GFR and only one (0.06%) estimate differed by more than 10% (P30, 100%; P10, 99.4%). SPSM using samples around 3- or 4-h demonstrated acceptable accuracy at a GFR level of ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2 (P30 = 100% and P10 > 75% for both measurements). Conclusion 4-h SPSM is advantageous in clinical practice in subjects with GFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2. For patients with an expected GFR

The disparity in stiffness and differential settlement between the subgrade and rigid structures can lead to track irregularities within transition sections, resulting in significant train vibrations and impacts. This study proposes an adjustable–height subgrade structure for transition sections by introducing a raft slab to divide the subgrade into upper and lower parts. When settlement occurs in the subgrade, the raft slab can be elevated using height–adjustment techniques to compensate for the settlement. To this end, large–scale physical model tests are conducted under train loading to verify the design's rationality and to elucidate the influence of settlement magnitude and train speed on the stress and deformation of the slab. The experimental results indicate that the maximum principal stress and maximum shear stress of the slab generally increase with settlement magnitude and train speed, and the area near the abutment end is the most unfavorable position for the deformation of the slab. However, it is still lower than the design compressive strength of the C40 concrete structure. Thus, the designed adjustable–height structure meets the load–bearing requirements under train loading. Additionally, a numerical simulation model of the adjustable–height structure is developed to investigate the recovery capabilities and stress distribution of the settled raft slab. The results indicated that whether the lifting operation employed linear load or equal load methods, the raft slab primarily endured compressive stress, and there is stress concentration at the lifting points. For the same lifting displacement, the linear load method proved to be more reasonable than the equal load method. These findings have significant practical and theoretical implications for ensuring the safe and smooth operation of high–speed railways, effectively addressing the post–construction settlement deformation control challenges in ballastless track transition sections.

Current commercial separators used in lithium-ion batteries have inherent flaws, especially poor thermal stability, which pose substantial safety risks. This study introduces a high-safety composite membrane made from electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)-melamine (PVAM) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer solutions via a dip coating method, designed for high-voltage battery systems. The poly(vinyl alcohol) and melamine components enhance battery safety, while the PVDF coating improves lithium-ion conductivity. The dip-coated PVDF/Esp-PVAM composite separators were evaluated for electrolyte uptake, contact angle, thermal stability, porosity, electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity. Notably, our Dip 1 % PVDF@Esp-PVAM composite separator exhibited excellent wettability and a lithium-ion conductivity of approximately 7.75 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻1 at room temperature. These separators outperformed conventional PE separators in half-cells with Ni-rich NCM811 cathodes, showing exceptional cycling stability with 93.4 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1C/1C, as compared to 84.8 % for PE separators. Our Dip 1 % PVDF@Esp-PVAM composite separator demonstrates significant potential for enhancing the long-term durability and high-rate performance of lithium-ion batteries, making it a promising option for long-term energy storage applications.

This paper aims to explore the coarse-grained rearrangement (CGR) phenomenon and its effect on the mechanical behaviors of high-speed railway graded aggregate (HRGA) materials during vibratory compaction. Firstly, the evolution of CGR is characterized by the analysis of mechanical behaviors and migration of the coarse grains in the HRGA materials. Then, a new indicator, the fraction of horizontally deflected coarse grains Hr, is proposed to evaluate the CGR, which increases with the rearrangement degree during vibratory compaction. Finally, using the discrete element method (DEM), the evolution of macro and micro mechanical properties of HRGA materials with different Hr-values (Hr = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) are analyzed based on triaxial compression tests. The numerical results show that the shear strength of the assembly firstly increases with Hr and then reaches a plateau when Hr ≥ 0.6, which can be considered as the vibratory compaction steady state. For the microscopic behaviors, with Hr increasing, the enhanced interlocking between coarse particles makes it more difficult for them to rotate, leading to an increased proportion of sliding contact. Moreover, the effectiveness of the state of Hr = 0.6 was validated by the X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) scanning test. This research is expected to provide microscopic insights into the formation of internal structures for HRGA materials during vibratory compaction and provide a new method to assess the compaction quality of gravel fillers.

The essence of vibratory compaction of high-speed railway graded aggregate (HRGA) materials lies in both internal particle rearrangement and breakage. However, there is a research gap on the level of particle rearrangement and breakage effects on the vibratory compaction characteristics. A novel index, the breakage contribution rate Cb, was proposed to quantify the contribution level of particle breakage to vibratory compaction characteristics based on theoretical derivation. Additionally, the relationship between the gradation, maximum dry density (MDD) and Cb was established using a high-performance machine learning (ML) model. Finally, the impact of Cb on vibratory compaction characteristics under different compaction conditions, including vibration parameters, container size, and sample thickness, was explored through laboratory vibratory compaction tests (LVCTs). The results show that the Cb is better predicted by the PSO-ANN-ML model (the comprehensive evaluation index in the testing set is 4.028). Under different compaction conditions, Cb has a significant important effect on determining the actual dry density (ADD). When Cb> 8.8%, it may lead to over-compaction, which has a negative effect on the overall quality of the compacted structure. Based on the analysis of Cb and ADD, it is recommended that the vibratory frequency should be set to the inherent frequency of the sample, while the ratio of excitation force to static load should be controlled at 1.8. The ratio of the container diameter and the sample thickness to the maximum particle size of the sample should be controlled at 4.4 and 3.5, respectively. The breakage contribution rate index proposed in the study has significant implications for the control of compaction quality and the understanding of the compaction mechanism.

Delayed sowing mitigates lodging in wheat. However, the mechanism underlying the enhanced lodging resistance in wheat has yet to be fully elucidated. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date on lignin and cellulose metabolism, stem morphological characteristics, lodging resistance, and grain yield. Seeds of Tainong 18, a winter wheat variety, were sown on October 8 (normal sowing) and October 22 (late sowing) during both of the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing seasons. The results showed that late sowing enhanced the lodging resistance of wheat by improving the biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose. Under late sowing, the expression levels of key genes (TaPAL, TaCCR, TaCOMT, TaCAD, and TaCesA1, 3, 4, 7, and 8) and enzyme activities (TaPAL and TaCAD) related to lignin and cellulose biosynthesis peaked 4–12 days earlier, and except for the TaPAL, TaCCR, and TaCesA1 genes and TaPAL, in most cases they were significantly higher than under normal sowing. As a result, lignin and cellulose accumulated quickly during the stem elongation stage. The mean and maximum accumulation rates of lignin and cellulose increased, the maximum accumulation contents of lignin and cellulose were higher, and the cellulose accumulation duration was prolonged. Consequently, the lignin/cellulose ratio and lignin content were increased from 0 day and the cellulose content was increased from 11 days after jointing onward. Our main finding is that the improved biosynthesis and accumulation of lignin and cellulose were responsible for increasing the stem-filling degree, breaking strength, and lodging resistance. The major functional genes enhancing lodging resistance in wheat that are induced by delayed sowing need to be determined.

ObjectiveTo establish a combined high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） method to detect the synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL-PEGACLONE in e-cigarette oil and hair.MethodsHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS were used to establish the detection method of CUMYL-PEGACLONE, and the hair of drug-involved persons and the seized e-cigarette oil were detected.ResultsThe main mass spectrometry characteristic ions m/z of CUMYL-PEGACLONE measured by GC-MS were 91， 179， 197， 254 and 372. CUMYL-PEGACLONE had a good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 2-50 ng/mL， and the linear correlation coefficient （r） was greater than 0.99. The limit of detection （LOD） of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in hair was 0.01 ng/mg， and the limit of quantitation （LOQ） was 0.02 ng/mg. The LOD of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in e-cigarette oil was 1 ng/mg， and the LOQ was 2 ng/mg. The average recoveries of CUMYL-PEGACLONE under the attempt at high, intermediate and low levels in blank human hair and e-cigarette oil matrix were 98.2%-132.4% and 93.5%-110.6%， and the intraday and intraday precision were 1.2%-12.9% and 0.7%-2.9%. CUMYL-PEGACLONE was detected in the hair of 15 drug-involved persons. Except for 1 person who was lower than LOQ, the concentration of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in the hair of other 14 persons was 0.035-0.563 ng/mg. The mass fraction of CUMYL-PEGACLONE in 2 e-cigarette oil were 0.17% and 0.21%, respectively.ConclusionThe established HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS methods are applied to the detection of HPLC-MS/MS in drug-related cases， which provides strong evidence support for the handling authority to quickly investigate these cases， and also provides a reference for the identification of such substances in future.

Abstract BACKGROUND Ivosidenib (AG-120, IVO) is a first-in-class oral inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1), and vorasidenib (AG-881, VOR) is an oral, potent, brain-penetrant inhibitor of mIDH1/2. Both have been evaluated in glioma patients in ongoing phase 1 studies. In orthotopic glioma models, IVO and VOR reduced 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) levels by 85% and 98%, respectively, despite different brain-to-plasma ratios (< 0.04 vs 1.33). METHODS Patients with recurrent, nonenhancing, WHO-2016 grade 2/3, mIDH1-R132H oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma undergoing craniotomy were randomized 2:2:1 to IVO 500mg QD, VOR 50mg QD, or no treatment (cohort 1), or 1:1 to IVO 250mg BID or VOR 10mg QD (cohort 2), for 4 weeks preoperatively. Postoperatively, patients continued receiving IVO or VOR (control patients were randomized 1:1 to IVO or VOR). Tumors were assessed for mIDH1 status, cellularity, and 2-HG and drug concentrations. Treated subjects were compared with controls and mIDH1/wild-type banked reference samples. Primary endpoint: tumor 2-HG concentration following IVO or VOR. RESULTS As of March 1, 2019, 27 patients (18 men; 25/2 grade 2/3) were randomized preoperatively in cohort 1 (IVO 10, VOR 12, untreated 5): 27 received drug (IVO 13, VOR 14); 1 discontinued VOR postoperatively due to disease progression. Of 26 tumors analyzed, 22 were evaluable. Mean brain-to-plasma ratios: 0.13 IVO, 1.59 VOR. Relative to untreated samples, IVO and VOR reduced tumor 2-HG by 92.0% (95% CI 73.2, 97.4) and 92.5% (95% CI 78.1, 97.7), respectively. Common (≥ 4 patients) TEAEs (all cohort 1 patients, all grades): diarrhea (37.0%), constipation, hypocalcemia, and nausea (each 18.5%), anemia, hyperglycemia, pruritus, headache, and fatigue (each 14.8%). Cohort 2 has completed accrual, with analyses ongoing. CONCLUSIONS In cohort 1 of this phase 1 perioperative study, IVO and VOR demonstrated brain penetrance and lowered 2-HG compared with controls. Updated data from both cohorts will be presented.

Rational design and synthesis of transition metal sulfide complex nanostructures are significant for achieving desired materials properties for a variety of applications. Herein, we synthesized nickel sulfide (NiS) nanostructures using laser irradiation in an aqueous solution and under the ambient condition. Crystalline nanostructures with high phase-purity were achieved without further calcination. Other transition metal sulfides, such as CuS and ZnS, were also successfully synthesized using the laser irradiation approach, suggesting the practical application of this method. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) measurements show the NiS nanostructures synthesized for 4h (NiS-4h) not only exhibited competitive overpotential (−159 mV vs. RHE at 10 A/g), lower Tafel slope (218 mV/dec) but also delivered long-term stability (14 A/g at −250 mV vs. RHE for 12h). Moreover, the NiS-4h functioned as the electrode for supercapacitor with excellent specific capacitance (3761 F/g at 10 mV/s), reversibility and rate capability (1152 F/g at 100 mV/s). These superb electrochemical performances are attributed to the remarkable value of electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and synergistic effect of Ni3+OOH for HER electrocatalytic activities, while the co-existence of Ni2+ and Ni3+ facilitates the rich redox reactions of NiS for supercapacitor.

Biliary adenofibroma is an extremely rare benign liver tumor, but it may be a precancerous lesion of cholangiocarcinoma. So far, only 29 cases have been reported in the literature. A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our department for upper abdomen mass. The computed tomography scan showed a huge cystic and partly substantial mass between the left lobe of the liver and the descending duodenum, which was considered to be an exophytic tumor derived from the left lobe of the liver. Laparoscopic liver segment IVb resection and cholecystectomy were performed. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor was composed of glandular cavities of varying sizes and fibrous interstitium. The glandular cavity was covered with cubic or columnar epithelium without atypia. Some of the mesenchymal cells are myofibroblast-like and spindle-shaped with red-stained cytoplasm. The mesenchymal cells in some areas proliferate densely with moderate atypia. It was considered to be an atypical biliary adenofibroma with focal necrosis and active cell proliferation which may have malignant transformation potential. There was no recurrence and metastasis at a 6-month follow-up. Biliary adenofibroma is a rare benign tumor derived from the bile duct, but it may progress to malignancy and develop distant metastasis. It is difficult to distinguish it from other liver tumors through imaging examination and the gold standard of diagnosis is histopathological examination. Close clinical follow-up is recommended.

Objective: This study focused on the analysis and evaluation of the differences in the chemical composition of onions from different origins. Methods: Onions from two main production areas in North and South China （Yunnan and Heilongjiang） were used as raw materials, and the differences in chemical composition content and characteristic chemical composition prostaglandin A1 between the two production areas were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UHPLC） combined with multivariate statistics. Results: A total of 73 peaks were identified by UHPLC, and the chemical contents of onions from two origins could be distinguished by orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）, combined with VIP values ＞ 1, P ＜ 0.05 and S-plot. 0.05 and S-plot analysis, and a total of 11 major markers of variation were screened. The PGA1 content of Yunnan onion [(197.21±63.22) mg/kg] was significantly higher than that of Heilongjiang onion [（121.37±43.12) mg/kg]. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the chemical composition content and PGA1 content of onion between the two origins in Yunnan and Heilongjiang.

As the popularity of dental implants continues to grow at a rate of about 14% per year, so do the risks associated with the procedure. Complications such as sinusitis and nerve damage are not uncommon, and inadequate cleaning can lead to peri-implantitis around the implant, jeopardizing its stability and potentially necessitating retreatment. To address this issue, this research proposes a new system for evaluating the degree of periodontal damage around implants using Periapical film (PA). The system utilizes two Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models to accurately detect the location of the implant and assess the extent of damage caused by peri-implantitis. One of the CNN models is designed to determine the location of the implant in the PA with an accuracy of up to 89.31%, while the other model is responsible for assessing the degree of Peri-implantitis damage around the implant, achieving an accuracy of 90.45%. The system combines image cropping based on position information obtained from the first CNN with image enhancement techniques such as Histogram Equalization and Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) to improve the visibility of the implant and gums. The result is a more accurate assessment of whether peri-implantitis has eroded to the first thread, a critical indicator of implant stability. To ensure the ethical and regulatory standards of our research, this proposal has been certified by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) under number 202102023B0C503. With no existing technology to evaluate Peri-implantitis damage around dental implants, this CNN-based system has the potential to revolutionize implant dentistry and improve patient outcomes.

Benefiting from the additional active sites for sodium-ion (Na+) adsorption and porous architecture for electrolyte accessibility, nitrogen-doped porous carbon has been considered the alternative anode material for Na+-storage applications. In this study, nitrogen-doped and zinc-confined microporous carbon (N,Z-MPC) powders are successfully prepared by thermally pyrolyzing the polyhedral ZIF-8 nanoparticles under an argon atmosphere. Following the electrochemical measurements, the N,Z-MPC not only delivers good reversible capacity (423 mAh/g at 0.02 A/g) and comparable rate capability (104 mAh/g at 1.0 A/g) but also achieves a remarkable cyclability (capacity retention: 96.6% after 3000 cycles at 1.0 A/g). Those can be attributed to its intrinsic characteristics: (a) 67% of the disordered structure, (b) 0.38 nm of interplanar distance, (c) a great proportion of sp2-type carbon, (d) abundant microporosity, (e) 16.1% of nitrogen doping, and (f) existence of sodiophilic Zn species, synergistically enhancing the electrochemical performances. Accordingly, the findings observed here support the N,Z-MPC to be a potential anode material enabling exceptional Na+-storage abilities.

LiFePO4 is one of the industrial, scalable cathode materials in lithium-ion battery production, due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 in high current rate operation is still limited, due to its poor ionic- and electron-conductive properties. In this study, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) modified LiFePO4/C (LFP) composite cathode materials were developed and investigated in detail. The ZIF-8 and MWCNT can be used as ionic- and electron-conductive materials, respectively. The surface modification of LFP by ZIF-8 and MWCNT was carried out through in situ wet chemical and mechanical alloy coating. The as-synthesized materials were scrutinized via various characterization methods, such as XRD, SEM, EDX, etc., to determine the material microstructure, morphology, phase, chemical composition, etc. The uniform and stable spherical morphology of LFP composites was obtained when the ZIF-8 coating was processed by the agitator [A], instead of the magnetic stirrer [MS], condition. It was found that the (optimum of) 2 wt.% ZIF-8@LFP [A]/MWCNT composite cathode material exhibited outstanding improvement in high-rate performance; it maintained the discharge capacities of 125 mAh g−1 at 1C, 110 mAh g−1 at 3C, 103 mAh g−1 at 5C, and 91 mAh g−1 at 10C. Better cycling stability with capacity retention of 75.82% at 1C for 100 cycles, as compared to other electrodes prepared in this study, was also revealed. These excellent results were mainly obtained because of the improvement of lithium-ion transport properties, less polarization effect, and interfacial impedance of the LFP composite cathode materials derived from the synergistic effect of both ZIF-8 and MWCNT coating materials.

As drilling wells continue to move into deep ultra-deep layers, the requirements for temperature resistance of drilling fluid treatments are getting higher and higher. Among them, blocking agent, as one of the key treatment agents, has also become a hot spot of research. In this study, a high temperature resistant strong adsorption rigid blocking agent (QW-1) was prepared using KH570 modified silica, acrylamide (AM) and allyltrimethylammonium chloride (TMAAC). QW-1 has good thermal stability, average particle size of 1.46 mm, water contact angle of 10.5°, has a strong hydrophilicity, can be well dispersed in water. The experimental results showed that when 2 wt% QW-1 was added to recipe A (4 wt % bentonite slurryþ0.5 wt% DSP-1 (filtration loss depressant)), the API filtration loss decreased from 7.8 to 6.4 mL. After aging at 240 °C, the API loss of filtration was reduced from 21 to 14 mL, which has certain performance of high temperature loss of filtration. At the same time, it is effective in sealing 80-100 mesh and 100-120 mesh sand beds as well as 3 and 5 mm ceramic sand discs. Under the same conditions, the blocking performance was superior to silica (5 mm) and calcium carbonate (2.6 mm). In addition, the mechanism of action of QW-1 was further investigated. The results show that QW-1 with amide and quaternary ammonium groups on the molecular chain can be adsorbed onto the surface of clay particles through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction to form a dense blocking layer, thus preventing further intrusion of drilling fluid into the formation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]