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Navid Rabiee,1 Sepideh Ahmadi,2,3 Zeynab Arab,1 Mojtaba Bagherzadeh,1 Moein Safarkhani,1 Behzad Nasseri,4,5 Mohammad Rabiee,6 Mohammadreza Tahriri,7 Thomas J Webster,8 Lobat Tayebi7 1Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey; 5Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Department, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey; 6Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 7Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; 8Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USACorrespondence: Thomas J Webster; Mohammadreza Tahriri Email th.webster@neu.edu; Mohammadreza.tahriri@marquette.eduAbstract: With the passage of time and more advanced societies, there is a greater emergence and incidence of disease and necessity for improved treatments. In this respect, nowadays, aptamers, with their better efficiency at diagnosing and treating diseases than antibodies, are at the center of attention. Here, in this review, we first investigate aptamer function in various fields (such as the detection and remedy of pathogens, modification of nanoparticles, antibiotic delivery and gene delivery). Then, we present aptamer-conjugated nanocomplexes as the main and efficient factor in gene delivery. Finally, we focus on the targeted co-delivery of genes and drugs by nanocomplexes, as a new exciting approach for cancer treatment in the decades ahead to meet our growing societal needs.Keywords: aptamer, polyethyleneimine, hybrid nanocomplexes, antibiotic, targeting, gene delivery systems

Saeid Maghsoudi,1 Bahareh Taghavi Shahraki,1 Navid Rabiee,2 Yousef Fatahi,3– 5 Rassoul Dinarvand,3,4 Maryam Tavakolizadeh,6 Sepideh Ahmadi,7,8 Mohammad Rabiee,9 Mojtaba Bagherzadeh,2 Ali Pourjavadi,6 Hassan Farhadnejad,10 Mohammadreza Tahriri,11 Thomas J Webster,12 Lobat Tayebi11 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran; 2Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 5Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; 6Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9516, Iran; 7Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 8Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 9Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 10Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 11School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA; 12Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USACorrespondence: Thomas J Webster; Mohammadreza Tahriri Tel +1 617 373 6585Email th.webster@neu.edu; mohammadreza.tahriri@marquette.eduAbstract: With continual rapid developments in the biomedical field and understanding of the important mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of biological molecules, controlled drug delivery systems (CDDSs) have been at the forefront over conventional drug delivery systems. Over the past several years, scientists have placed boundless energy and time into exploiting a wide variety of excipients, particularly diverse polymers, both natural and synthetic. More recently, the development of nano polymer blends has achieved noteworthy attention due to their amazing properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and more importantly, their pivotal role in controlled and sustained drug release in vitro and in vivo. These compounds come with a number of effective benefits for improving problems of targeted or controlled drug and gene delivery systems; thus, they have been extensively used in medical and pharmaceutical applications. Additionally, they are quite attractive for wound dressings, textiles, tissue engineering, and biomedical prostheses. In this sense, some important and workable natural polymers (namely, chitosan (CS), starch and cellulose) and some applicable synthetic ones (such as poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly-glycolic acid (PGA)) have played an indispensable role over the last two decades for their therapeutic effects owing to their appealing and renewable biological properties. According to our data, this is the first review article highlighting CDDSs composed of diverse natural and synthetic nano biopolymers, blended for biological purposes, mostly over the past five years; other reviews have just briefly mentioned the use of such blended polymers. We, additionally, try to make comparisons between various nano blending systems in terms of improved sustained and controlled drug release behavior.Keywords: polymer blends, drug delivery, wound dressing, PLGA, chitosan, starch

In this study, we performed a new bioactive glass formulation with the molar composition 64 % SiO2 - 31 % CaO - 5 % P2O5 by the sol-gel method. Sol-gel derived bioglass material was produced in nanopowder using planetary milling machine, followed by sintering at 700°C, for applications as bioactive material in bioactive scaffolds or in orthopaedic. The obtained material was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption pore size. The biocompatibility evaluation of the formed glass was assessed through in vitro cell culture by evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts and immersion studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time intervals while monitoring the pH changes and the concentration of calcium, phosphorus and silicon in the SBF medium as key factors in the rapid bonding of this bioactive glass to bone tissue as a high bioactive glass. The present investigation revealed that the sol-gel derived ternary bioglass system has the ability to support the growth of human fetal osteoblastic cells (hFOB 1.19). Finally, this material proved to be non-toxic and compatible for the proposed work in segmental defects in the goat model in vivo.