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Background: Hip fracture is one of the most serious problems and the second cause of hospitalization in elderly people. The aim of this study was evaluation of hip fracture in patients with and without diabetes mellitus and its complications. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients with hip fracture referred to Yahyanejad and Shahid Beheshti hospitals (Babol, Iran) were enrolled. A checklist including demographic data, site of fracture, type of treatment, duration of hospitalization, complications during and after surgery was filled for each patient. Data were analyzed using t and chi-square tests. Findings: From 195 patients, 116 (59.5%) were men and 79 (40.5%) were women. 155 patients (79.4%) were non-diabetic with a mean age of 53.17 ± 25.63 years and 40 (20.5% ) were diabetics with a mean age of 67.67 ± 12.25 years. 1 patient (2.5%) had type I and 39 patients (97.5%) had type II diabetes mellitus. In patients without diabetes mellitus, the fracture location was neck of femur in 56.8%, intertrochanter in 21.9%, and head of femur in 18.1%. In patients with diabetes mellitus, 50% was in neck of femur, 35% in intertrochanter and 15% in head of femur. Blood transfusion volume was significantly higher in patients with diabetes mellitus (3.30 ± 1.30 units of packed cell) compared to those without diabetes mellitus (2.43 ± 1.52 units of packed cell) (P = 0.029). Conclusion: According to the high incidence of hip fractures, awareness and care of the patients with diabetes mellitus, especially the elderly, would reduce the incidence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Testicular cancer allocate for only 1% of all male cancers, that 1-2% of them, would be familial. Family history of testicular cancer will be major risk factor. In this study, noticing the fact that familial testicular cancers are rare, we introduce cases of familiar testicular cancer. The first case was a 39-years-old man that came with abdominal enlargement, pain, and painless palpable masses in right testis. Serum tumor markers showed alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as 373 IU/ml and α-human chorionic gonadotropin (αHCG) as 216 IU/ml. The second case (his brother) was a 35-years-old man came to clinic with painless right testis enlargement. Serum tumor markers were normal. This patient underwent radical orchidectomy. Pathology reported classic seminoma limited to tunica vaginalis. Next, both of patients underwent chemotherapies. This study reveals that in familiar testicular cancer, one of the most important causes will be hereditary factors. For patients' more survival and comfortability, early diagnosis via physical examination, serum tumor markers evaluation and sonography is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]