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Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (pNETs) are rare neoplasms arising from the neuroendocrine islet cells of the pancreas and account for only 1% to 2% of all pancreatic malignancies. These tumors may secrete hormones; however 60% are considered ‘non-functional’ with no evidence of ectopic hormone secretion. Functional pNETs are known to secrete insulin, gastrin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide or somatostatin. A small number of the cases reported to date of this condition were typically for patients presenting with Cushing syndrome, where the tumor was discovered during investigations for the source of the ACTH. We report the case of a patient diagnosed with pNET initially believed to be non-functioning, who went on to develop features of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). This case highlights the importance of including cortisol and ACTH levels in screening for neuroendocrine activity in pancreatic tumors. An earlier screening and diagnosis could help ameliorating the patient’s symptoms and halting disease progression.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is an uncommon infection. Hypothalamic/pituitary involvement leading to isolated central diabetes insipidus is extremely rare. Making a correct diagnosis of this condition, albeit challenging, is crucial for adequate management. We present a 54-year-old female who developed central diabetes insipidus as a complication of congenital toxoplasmosis. She had polydipsia and hypernatraemia on presentation and responded to intranasal desmopressin with normalization of above-mentioned findings. Magnetic resonance imaging and cranial X-ray’s showed pronounced intracranial calcifications in both choroid plexuses. Thyroid function tests, serum cortisol level and anterior pituitary function were all normal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of isolated diabetes insipidus due to congenital toxoplasmosis in literature diagnosed late in adulthood and gives an insight into the challenges of diagnosing central diabetes insipidus and the hypothalamic/pituitary involvement in cases of congenital toxoplasmosis.

This study was carried out in Red sea state, Sudan during the period from November 2016 to March 2017, to investigate antimicrobial resistance of P.mirabilis isolated from patients suffering from community-acquired urinary tract infections. Two hundred and nineteen urine specimens were collected from patients attended Port Sudan Teaching Hospital, Red Sea Diagnostic Centre, Sea port corporation specialized Hospital and Prince Osman Digna Teaching Hospital. Out of the two hundred and nineteen urine specimens examined, only 10 (4.6%) P.mirabilis were recovered. The result indicated that the MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 of amoxyclav were (4 µg/ml each), co-trimoxazole (0.5- 4 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml and 4 µg/ml), ceftriaxone (0.008- 0.08 µg/ml, 0.008 µg/ml and 0.08 µg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (0.001- 0.01µg/ml, 0.001 µg/ml and 0.0 µg/ml). The study conducted that the responsibility of P.mirabilis to UTIs slightly higher than previously recorded. The antimicrobial resistance of P.mirabilis to traditionally used antibiotics was high too.