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Background Nephrotoxicity is the major side effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of Z.multiflora (ZM) hydroalcoholic extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats categorized into four groups: 1) the control group without injection, 2) the gentamicin treated group (100 mg/kg, i.p) 3) the gentamicin and Z. Multiflora treated group; Z. Multiflora extract(0.8 mg/ml in the drinking water) administered after gentamicin (100 mg/kg, i.p) 4) the normal saline and Z. Multiflora treated group; Z. Multiflora extract (0.8 mg/ml in the drinking water) administered after normal saline injection (2 ml/kg,i.p ). Results Post-treatment with ZM extract caused a significant reduction in the levels of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), absolute and fractional excretion of sodium, malondialdehyed (MDA) level in comparison to gentamicin group. In addition, ZM extract significantly increased creatinine clearance, urine osmolarity, and Renal blood flow (RBF) and the Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) level which had decreased compared to the control group as a result of treatment with gentamicin. Conclusion The above result indicated that ZM extract improved renal toxicity of gentamicin via reducing oxidative stress, oxygen-free radicals, and lipid peroxidation.

Publication of research articles (RAs) in English seems a challenging task for native and non-native writers. The acquisition of rhetorical structure and function grammar can be very helpful for academicians to achieve the wanted goal which is, of course, the Publication of their RAs. This study aims at investigating the effect of educational level, age and gender to the current level of familiarity to academic rhetoric within a systematic functional grammar among the Iranian ESP teachers and ESP course learners. The participants of the study consist of 10 ESP teachers and 85 learners at M.A and PhD level at Ilam state university and Islamic Azad university of Ilam. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires with 22 items. The findings of this study revealed that Iranian ESP teachers are more familiar than the learners with academic language based on their educational degrees and their experiences. The findings also indicated that educational degree and age variables have positive reciprocal relationships with each other.However gender was not an effective factor in this connection.

Publication of research articles (RAs) in English seems a challenging task for native and non-native writers. The acquisition of rhetorical structure and function grammar can be very helpful for academicians to achieve the wanted goal which is, of course, the publication of their RAs. This study aims to investigate the current level of familiarity to academic rhetoric within a systematic functional grammar among the Iranian ESP teachers and ESP course learners. The participants of the study consist of 10 ESP teachers and 85 learners at M.A and PhD level at Ilam state university and Islamic Azad university of Ilam. Data collected through self-report questionnaires with 22 items. The finding of this study revealed that the familiarity of ESP teachers with structures is too high and learners are high.