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Byline: Ahmad. Ameri, Ainaz. Sourati, Behnaz. Behzadi, Mansour. Lesan, Farzad. Taghizadeh-Hesary Background: The efficacy of chemotherapy in locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic salivary gland carcinomas (LA-R/M SGCs) is still undefined. [...]

Simple Summary: This research aims to explore the role of the TSGA10 protein in cancer development, specifically in how it might influence the growth and spread of cancer cells. Scientists are particularly interested in TSGA10 because it is found in both normal reproductive tissues and cancer cells, yet seems to slow down cancer progression. The key question is why cancer cells would produce a protein that could hinder their own survival. To investigate this, the authors propose several hypotheses about how TSGA10 might be involved in carcinogenesis. They will analyze both published and unpublished studies and data to understand how TSGA10 functions at different stages of cancer. By uncovering these mechanisms, this research could lead to new targeted therapies that use TSGA10 to combat cancer more effectively, offering fresh insights and potential breakthroughs in cancer treatment. Cancer-specific antigens have been a significant area of focus in cancer treatment since their discovery in the mid-twentieth century. Cancer germline antigens are a class of antigens specifically overexpressed in germline tissues and cancer cells. Among these, TSGA10 (testis-specific gene antigen 10) is of great interest because of its crucial impact on cancer progression. Early studies explored TSGA10 expression in a variety of cancer types. More recent studies revealed that TSGA10 can suppress tumor progression by blocking cancer cell metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis. An open question regarding the TSGA10 is why cancer cells must express a protein that prevents their progression. To answer this question, we conducted a comprehensive review to engage the TSGA10 in the context of the current understanding of "malignant transformation". This review demonstrated that TSGA10 expression level in cancer cells depends on the cancer stage across malignant transformation. In addition, we evaluated how TSGA10 expression can prevent the "cancer hallmarks". Given this information, TSGA10 can be of great interest in developing effective targeted anti-cancer therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Background. This study aims to explore alternative diagnostic methods to assess thyroid function in patients unable to undergo blood tests for thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) and thyroxine (T4), such as individuals with trypanophobia, severe medical conditions, or coagulopathy. Considering the impact of thyroid dysfunction on mitochondrial metabolism and the essential role of proper mitochondrial function in ciliary motility, we postulate that assessing nasal ciliary function could serve as a surrogate diagnostic approach for thyroid dysfunction. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on individuals with no history of thyroid diseases. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic value of the nasal mucociliary (NMC) test using Iranica Picris (Asteraceae) aqueous extract in differentiating hypo- or hyperthyroidism cases from euthyroid cases. Results. 232 individuals were recruited (71% females, 86% euthyroid). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a good diagnostic value for the NMC test in differentiating overt hypothyroidism (area under the ROC curve [AUROC] = 0.82, p = 0.004) and its fair value in diagnosing subclinical hyperthyroidism (AUROC = 0.78, p = 0.01) from the euthyroid condition. The NMC test had a significant positive correlation with TSH (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and a significant negative correlation with T4 (r = −0.32, p < 0.001). The NMC rate was significantly different in distinct thyroid function groups (p < 0.001). Compared with euthyroid cases, the post-hoc analysis showed that the NMC test is significantly higher in overt hypothyroidism (15.06 vs. 21.07 min, p = 0.003) and significantly lower in subclinical hyperthyroidism (15.05 vs. 10.9 min, p = 0.02). Conclusions. The Iranica Picris-based NMC test might serve as a diagnostic method to distinguish overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative disorders occur through progressive loss of function or structure of neurons, with loss of sensation and cognition values. The lack of successful therapeutic approaches to solve neurologic disorders causes physical disability and paralysis and has a significant socioeconomic impact on patients. In recent years, nanocarriers and stem cells have attracted tremendous attention as a reliable approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, nanoparticle‐based labeling combined with imaging technologies has enabled researchers to survey transplanted stem cells and fully understand their fate by monitoring their survival, migration, and differentiation. For the practical implementation of stem cell therapies in the clinical setting, it is necessary to accurately label and follow stem cells after administration. Several approaches to labeling and tracking stem cells using nanotechnology have been proposed as potential treatment strategies for neurological diseases. Considering the limitations of intravenous or direct stem cell administration, intranasal delivery of nanoparticle‐labeled stem cells in neurological disorders is a new method of delivering stem cells to the central nervous system (CNS). This review describes the challenges and limitations of stem cell‐based nanotechnology methods for labeling/tracking, intranasal delivery of cells, and cell fate regulation as theragnostic labeling. This article is categorized under:Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]