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6. Effect of Rodent Control Program on Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Iran

Author

Abdoli, Amir, Mazaherifar, Samaneh, Solhjoo, Kavous, Zargar, Mohsen Farhang, Jahromi, Hayedeh Parvin, Taghipour, Ali, Darayesh, Mohammad, Badri, Milad, Pirestani, Majid, Falahi, Shahab, and Kenarkoohi, Azra

Subjects
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous -- Risk factors -- Control -- Statistics, Rodents -- Control, Zoonoses -- Risk factors -- Control -- Statistics, Vector control -- Methods, Health
Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent worldwide (2). Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in different regions of Iran and has an approximate incidence rate of 1.18 cases/100,000 [...]

Published
2024
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15. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review.

Author

Salajegheh Tazerji, Sina, Magalhães Duarte, Phelipe, Rahimi, Parastoo, Shahabinejad, Fatemeh, Dhakal, Santosh, Singh Malik, Yashpal, Shehata, Awad, Lama, Juan, Klein, Jörn, Safdar, Muhammad, Rahman, Md, Filipiak, Krzysztof, Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso, Sobur, Md, Kabir, Farrokhreza, Vazir, Bita, Mboera, Leonard, Caporale, Marco, Amuasi, John, Gharieb, Rasha, Roncada, Paola, Musaad, Sahar, Tilocca, Bruno, Koohi, Mohammad, Taghipour, Ali, Sait, Ahmet, Subbaram, Kannan, Jahandideh, Alireza, Mortazavi, Pejman, Abedini, Mohammad, Hokey, David, Hogan, Unarose, Shaheen, Mohamed, Elaswad, Ahmed, Elhaig, Mahmoud, Fawzy, Mohamed, and Saiful Islam, Md

Subjects
Animals, COVID-19, Coronavirus, Epidemiology, One Health, Pandemic, Pet animals, SARS-CoV-2, Zoonoses, Animal Husbandry, Animals, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Cats, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Reservoirs, Dogs, Genome, Viral, Humans, Mink, Netherlands, Occupational Exposure, Pandemics, Pets, Phylogeny, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Translational Research, Biomedical, Zoonoses
Abstract

COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Thus, the concern of pet owners is increasing. Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. Future research in the animal-human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19.

Published
2020

24. Frailty as a Predictor of Mortality in Elderly Iranians Residing in Nursing Home Facilities.

Author

Norouzi, Mehdi, Amiri, Zahra, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Iranpour, Mohaddese Neshat, Taghipour, Ali, Asl, Tahereh Khosravi, and Mosafarkhani, Ehsan

Subjects
MORTALITY risk factors, RISK assessment, WEIGHT loss, RESEARCH funding, FRAIL elderly, FATIGUE (Physiology), SEX distribution, MULTIPLE regression analysis, RETROSPECTIVE studies, AGE distribution, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, LONGITUDINAL method, NURSING care facilities, WALKING, ODDS ratio, MEDICAL records, ACQUISITION of data, STATISTICS, CONFIDENCE intervals, COMORBIDITY, OLD age
Abstract

Background: Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between frailty index and mortality in elderly residents of nursing homes in Iran. Methods: This historical cohort study used data extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR®, Iran) and the national cause of death registry in Iran. The study population included 9199 adults aged =60 assessed for frailty in nursing homes across Iran from April 2021 to June 2022. They were followed up until August 2022. Frailty was defined as a score >3 on Fried's 5-item index. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality-related factors. The chisquare test compared mortality across groups. Data were analyzed using Stata software, version 11 with P<0.05 as the significance level. Results: Of 9199 subjects, 3566(38.7%) were frail, and 5643(61.3%) were non-frail. During follow-up, 3354(36.5%) deaths occurred. Frailty was associated with 2.49 times higher odds of mortality (95% CI, 2.27%, 2.74%; P<0.001) compared to the non-frail state after adjustment for covariates. Older age (P<0.001), female sex (P<0.001), and comorbidities (P<0.001) were also significant predictors of mortality. Conclusion: Frailty index strongly predicts mortality risk in Iranian elderly nursing home residents. Assessing and managing frailty may help reduce adverse outcomes in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Latent toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus infections and risk of motorcycle accidents: A case-control study in a county with a high rate of motorcycle injuries in Iran.

Author

Rayatdoost, Esmail, Chegin, Mahdi, Taghipour, Ali, Shadmand, Enayat, Rezaei, Fatemeh, Falahi, Shahab, Kenarkoohi, Azra, Badri, Milad, Solhjoo, Kavous, and Abdoli, Amir

Subjects
LATENT infection, HERPES simplex virus, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, MOTORCYCLING injuries, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases, MOTORCYCLING accidents
Abstract

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are among the most important issues worldwide. Several studies reported that infection with the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) increased the risk of car accidents. In this study, our objective was to investigate the possible associations among latent T. gondii, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infections with the risk of motorcycle accidents in Jahrom (Fars Province), which is a county with a high rate of motorcycle accidents in Iran. Methods: In the setting of a case-control study; 176 motorcyclist men, including 88 survivors of motorcycle accidents and 88 motorcyclist without accidents, were considered as case and control groups, respectively. Rates of latent infections with T. gondii, CMV, and HSV were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Eleven of 88 (12.5%) in the case group and 22 of 88 (25.0%) in controls were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies, this difference was statistically significant (OR = 0.42; CI: 0.19–0.95, p = 0.03). The general seroprevalence of CMV (94.3% in the case group vs. 87.5% in the control group, OR = 2.37; CI: 0.78–7.13, p = 0.12) and HSV (63.6% in the case group vs. 62.5% in the control group, OR = 1.05; CI: 0.57–1.94, p = 0.87) were not significantly different between the case and control groups. Conclusions: Although latent toxoplasmosis has been associated with traffic accidents in recent reports, we found a negative association between latent toxoplasmosis and motorcycle accidents among survivors of these accidents. As such, latent CMV and HSV infections did not differ significantly between the cases compared to the control groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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40. Disaster Risk Management and Resilience Assessment of Small Communities in Iran.

Author

VALIBEIGI, Mojtaba, TAGHIPOUR, Ali Akbar, AHMADI DEHRASHID, Parsa, and ASVADI, Kouros

Subjects
*EMERGENCY management, *COVID-19 pandemic, *DISEASE risk factors, *SOCIAL services, *FINANCIAL security
Abstract

One of the main challenges facing rural areas in Iran is a lack of disaster risk management. This calls for a comprehensive framework for assessing resilience in small communities. This study seeks to establish such a framework based on the general principles of the Sendai Framework. So, an attempt is made to use a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to operationalize and score indicators and risk management components, and then choose one of the rural areas in northern Iran as a sample for the framework's implementation. The results show that a resilience assessment on small communities should do two things: outline the resilience situation and create a platform for dialogue and mutual thinking. Residents should be able to talk about risk reduction continuously and purposefully and take small, purposeful steps in this direction. It seems that Iran's centralized planning system is more flexible in entrusting affairs to small communities and is more likely to form active cooperative cores. For this reason, it can be seen that voluntary activities have played an essential role in providing social services during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine period, and the volunteers themselves have also benefited from voluntary activities. As a result, volunteer groups have gained opportunities to promote local development and foster ownership and responsibility. However, there are concerns about the sustainability of these activities, which are related to the two issues of ensuring financial stability and providing volunteers in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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