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The data on 31 species of lichenicolous fungi (Abrothallus caerulescens, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Athelia arachnoidea, Cercidospora macrospora, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis, Cornutispora lichenicola, Erythricium aurantiacum, Heterocephalacria physciacearum, Intralichen christiansenii, Lichenochora obscuroides, Lichenoconium erodens, L. lecanorae, L. usneae, Lichenodiplis lecanorae, Lichenostigma cosmopolites, Lichenothelia convexa, L. scopularia, Marchandiomyces corallinus, Monodictys epilepraria, Muellerella pygmaea, M. erratica, Pronectria leptaleae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Sclerococcum sphaerale, Sphaerellothecium propinquellum, Stigmidium fuscatae, S. squamariae, S. xanthoparmeliarum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae, T. punctata, Xanthoriicola physciae) new to the Teteriv River Basin are provided. Further five species (Cercidospora crozalsiana, Lichenostigma epipolina, Lichenothelia tenuissima, Polysporina subfuscescens and Taeniolella beschiana) are new to Ukraine. Additional localities for all newly reported species are listed.

Hafellner, J. & Mayrhofer, H. 2020. Noteworthy records of lichenicolous fungi from various countries on the Balkan Peninsula. II. – Herzogia 33: 494 –511.A total of 42 taxa of lichenicolous fungi – most of them non-lichenized, a few lichenized – are recorded from various countries in southeastern Europe. Of these, 22 species (Clypeococcum cetrariae, Didymocyrtis pseudeverniae, Illosporiopsis christiansenii, Lecanora lecanoricola, Lecanora printzenii, Lichenoconium erodens, Lichenoconium reichlingii, Lichenostigma alpinum, Merismatium decolorans, Niesslia cladoniicola, Paralecia pratorum, Phaeospora peltigericola, “Phoma” lobariae, “Phoma” lobariicola, Raesaenenia huuskonenii, Stigmidium schaereri, Stigmidium stygnospilum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae, Taeniolella thelotrematis, Talpapellis beschiana, Trichonectria rubefaciens, and Zwackhiomyces lecanorae) are reported for the first time from the Balkan Peninsula. A further 20 taxa previously known from the Balkan are added to the mycofloras of additional Balkan countries. The new records for individual countries are: Muellerella erratica and Lichenoconium reichlingii for Albania; Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, Lichenoconium erodens, Lichenostigma maureri and Taeniolella phaeophysciae for Bosnia and Herzegovina; Stigmidium gyrophorarum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae, and Xanthoriicola physciae for Bulgaria; “Phoma” lobariae and Taeniolella thelotrematis for Croatia; Didymocyrtis cladoniicola, Lichenoconium erodens, Merismatium decolorans, “Phoma” lobariicola, Talpapellis beschiana, Telogalla olivieri, and Zwackhiomyces lecanorae for Greece; Didymocyrtis pseudeverniae, Endococcus propinquus, Lecanora lecanoricola, Lichenoconium erodens, and Lichenosticta alcicornaria for Kosovo; Telogalla olivieri for North Macedonia; Arthonia molendoi, Arthonia varians, Buellia uberior, Clypeococcum cetrariae, Endococcus propinquus, Endohyalina insularis, Heterocephalacria physciacearum, Illosporiopsis christiansenii, Lecanora printzenii, Lichenochora weillii, Lichenoconium erodens, Lichenoconium usneae, Lichenostigma alpinum, Lichenostigma chlaroterae, Muellerella pygmaea var. athallina, Niesslia cladoniicola, Paralecia pratorum, Phaeospora peltigericola, “Phoma” lobariae, Raesaenenia huuskonenii, Stigmidium schaereri, Stigmidium squamariae, Stigmidium stygnospilum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae, Talpapellis beschiana, Thelocarpon epibolum, Toninia plumbina, and Trichonectria rubefaciens for Montenegro.

Recently, nine species of lichenicolous fungi were found growing on Cetraria aculeata (Parmeliaceae) in a sand dune system in the Ukraine. One of them, Didymocyrtis trassii, is described here as new to science. This species is similar to D. pseudeverniae but differs in having smaller pycnidia, smaller obpyriform to clavate conidia as well as its DNA sequence. The new monotypic lichenicolous genus Katherinomyces is described here. Acremonium lichenicola s. l., Eonema pyriforme, Didymocyrtis cladoniicola and Lichenoconium erodens are reported for the first time on Cetraria aculeata. Furthermore, E. pyriforme is reported for the first time from lichen thalli. Acremonium lichenicola, E. pyriforme and Taeniolella rolfii are new for the mycobiota of the Ukraine. A key to the eleven known lichenicolous species on Cetraria aculeata is provided.

A synopsis of the known lichenicolous fungi associated with Phlyctis is presented that discusses 14 species and includes an identification key. Monodictys phlyctidis is described as new to science and considered host specific on P. speirea in eastern North America.

We report 100 lichen and allied fungi species for the first time from Quebec, Canada. Six of these species are new to North America: Arthonia subastroidea, Biatora mendax, Cornutispora pyramidalis, Gyalecta hypoleuca, Taeniolella pertusariicola, and Varicellaria lactea. Six additional species are new to Canada: Cecidonia xenophana, Lecidea commaculans, L. herteliana, Polycoccum sporastatiae, Scoliciosporum intrusum, and Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis. All collections are from parc national de la Gaspesie on the Gaspe Peninsula in eastern Quebec. Our collections were made between 2012 and 2017, primarily during Crum and Tuckerman Workshops. We provide diagnostic descriptions of all species that are new continental or national records. Our results demonstrate the park's rich and unexplored biodiversity and conservation importance, and contribute to a better understanding of the lichen and allied fungus biota of Canada and North America.

600 lichens and 82 lichenicolous and allied fungi have been recorded from Eagle Hill in Steuben, ME, and its vicinity over the past 25 years, mainly as a consequence of courses and research centered upon the Eagle Hill Institute (formerly the Humboldt Field Research Institute). Of the 682 taxa listed, 331 have been recorded within the Institute's boundary, of which 27 were not found elsewhere in the vicinity; a further 66 taxa recorded but lacking voucher material are listed. One lichen, Lambiella fuscosora, and 7 lichenicolous fungi, Cornutispora pyramidalis, Epicladonia stenospora, Monodictys epilepraria, Muellerella polyspora, Taeniolella cladinicola, and Tremella coppinsii, are additional to the North American checklist; Lambiella fuscosora and Cornutispora pyramidalis are also recorded as new for Canada. Five lichens, Alyxoria ochrocheila, Cladonia albonigra, Ephebe solida, Myriolecis schofieldii, and Parmotrema stuppeum, are new for Maine. Notes on new records and interesting taxa are provided.

Tsurykau, A. 2017. New or otherwise interesting records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belarus. III. With an updated checklist of lichenicolous fungi. — Herzogia 30: 152–165. Data on 13 species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Belarus are presented; two lichens (Biatora efflorescens and Catillaria croatica) and ten lichenicolous fungi (Abrothallus microspermus, A. suecicus, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Merismatium decolorans, Phacopsis oxyspora, Polycoccum peltigerae, Pronectria subimperspicua, Taeniolella delicata and Zwackhiomyces echinulatus) are new to the country. Diploschistes muscorum is reported on lichens for the first time from Belarus. An updated checklist of lichenicolous fungi known from Belarus is also provided.

Two unknown enantiomeric compounds, named (R)- and (S)-taeniolin, along with six known compounds, were isolated from the marine-associated fungus Taeniolella sp. BCC31839. Chemical structures were determined by NMR spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configurations were confirmed by Mosher application together with CD spectral analyses. Both were inactive for antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) and bacteria (Mycobacerium tuberculosis and Bacillus cereus) at maximum tested concentration.

Brackel, W. v. & Puntillo, D. 2016. New records of lichenicolous fungi from Calabria (southern Italy), including a first checklist. — Herzogia 29: 277–306. Sixty-six sites of lichenological interest were visited during two excursions to Calabria in the years 2014 and 2015. The number of lichenicolous fungi known from this region was enlarged from 37 to 147. New to the Mediterranean are Echinodiscus lesdainii, Nectriopsis cariosae, Tremella cetrariicola and T. everniae, new to Italy are Burgoa angulosa, Cornutispora ciliata, Didymocyrtis consimilis s.lat., Endococcus ramalinarius, Monodictys fuliginosa, Phoma grumantiana, P. melanohaleicola, Pronectria fissuriprodiens, Reconditella physconiarum, Roselliniopsis tartaricola, Sphaerellothecium parietinarium, Stigmidium degelii and Taeniolella punctata. A further 91 species are new to Calabria. The new species Abrothallus puntilloi and Xenonectriella calabrica are described.

A diversity of filamentous microfungi was discovered from thallus surfaces of epiphytic lichens preserved in Bitterfeld and Baltic amber. We report seven distinct morphologies of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, some of which closely resemble species of the extant genera Sporidesmium, Taeniolella s. lat. and Taeniolina. Both the placement of the fungi on their substrates and the exquisite preservation of delicate structures indicate that the fungi were fully developed before they were engulfed by fresh resin. The lichens probably grew on the trunks of resin producing trees and became embedded in resin flows together with their fungal associates. The findings demonstrate that a wide range of presumably specialised fungi have lived on living and decomposing lichen thalli at least since the Paleogene. The findings add an interesting new component to the as yet poorly known mycota of the ancient European amber forests.

A taxonomic monograph of the ascomycete genus Taeniolella (asexual dematiaceous hyphomycetes, sexual morphs unknown) is provided. Recent phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the polyphyly of this genus. The type species of Taeniolella pertains to the Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within Dothideomycetes, while other saprobic species clustered far away within Sordariomycetes, Savoryellaceae s. lat., and Lindgomycetaceae, whereas lichenicolous species belong to a monophyletic clade that represents the order Asterotexiales, but for most species assigned to Taeniolella sequence data and phylogenetic analyses are not yet available. The main focus of the present taxonomic study was on a revision of the lichenicolous Taeniolella species. Since the currently available phylogenetic analyses do not allow final taxonomic conclusions at generic rank, the exclusion of lichenicolous species from Taeniolella s. lat. has been postponed pending a broader sampling and more phylogenetic data of allied ascomycete genera within the order Asterotexiales. For the interim, Taeniolella s. lat., including lichenicolous and saprobic species, is maintained. The taxonomic background, history, generic description and discrimination from morphologically confusable genera, phylogeny, biology, host range and distribution, and species concept of Taeniolella species are briefly outlined and discussed. Keys to the species of Taeniolella divided by ecological groups (lichenicolous taxa, saprobic taxa) are provided, supplemented by a tabular key to lichenicolous species based on host (lichen) families and genera. Twenty-nine lichenicolous species and a Taeniolella sp. (putative asexual morph of Sphaerellothecium thamnoliae) as well as 16 saprobic species are described in detail and illustrated by drawings, macroscopic photographs, light microscopic and SEM micrographs, including six new lichenicolous species (T. arctoparmeliae on Arctoparmelia separata, T. lecanoricola on Lecanora rupicola, T. thelotrematis on Thelotrema, T. umbilicariae and T. umbilicariicola on Umbilicaria, T. weberi on Thelotrema weberi), three new saprobic species (T. filamentosa on Salix, T. ravenelii on Quercus, T. stilbosporoides on Salix caprea), and one new combination, T. arthoniae. Most saprobic Taeniolella species are wood-inhabiting (on bark, decorticated trunks and twigs, rotten wood), whereas lichenicolous species grow on thalli and fruiting bodies (mostly apothecia) of lichens, mostly without causing any evident damage, but they are nevertheless confined to their host lichens, or they are obviously pathogenic and cause either disease of the thalli (e.g., Taeniolella chrysothricis and T. delicata) or at least thallus discolorations or necroses (e.g., T. christiansenii, T. chrysothricis, T. cladinicola, T. pseudocyphellariae, and T. strictae). Taeniolella atricerebrina and T. rolfii induce the formation of distinct galls. The range of micro-morphological traits for taxonomic purposes is limited in Taeniolella species, but size, shape and septation of conidiophores and conidia, including surface ornamentation, provided basic characters. Mycelium, stromata and arrangement of conidiophores are less important for the differentiation of species. Lichenicolous species are widespread on a wide range of lichens, with a focus in the northern hemisphere, mainly in northern temperate regions, including arctic-subartic habitats (18 species, i.e., 62 % of the lichenicolous species). Eleven lichenicolous species, e.g., T. pseudocyphellariae, T. santessonii, T. thelotrematis, T. umbilicariae, are also known from collections in non-temperate Asia, Australia and South America (38 % of the species). Most collections deposited in herbaria are from northern temperate to arctic-subarctic regions, which may reflect activities of lichenologists and mycologist dealing with lichenicolous fungi in general and Taeniolella in particular. Most lichenicolous Taeniolella species are confined to hosts of a single lichen genus or few closely allied genera (26 species, i.e., 97 % of the lichenicolous species), but only three species, T. delicata, T. punctata, and T. verrucosa, have wider hosts ranges. Excluded, doubtful and insufficiently known species assigned to Taeniolella are listed at the end, discussed, described and in some cases illustrated, including Talpapellis beschiana comb. nov. (≡ Taeniolella beschiana), Corynespora laevistipitata (≡ Taeniolella laevistipitata), Stanjehughesia lignicola comb. nov. (≡ Taeniolella lignicola), Sterigmatobotrys rudis (≡ Taeniolella rudis), and Taeniolina scripta (≡ Taeniolella scripta).

This paper contributes 96 species to the biota of lichenicolous fungi in the South Shetland Islands archipelago. New to science are the following genera: Antarctosphaeria Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Dahawkswia Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Lichenohostes Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Llanorella Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., Phaeosporodendron Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov., and Prostratomyces Alstrup & Olech, gen. nov. Additionally, 31 species are described as new to science. These are: Antarctosphaeria bireagens Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Arthonia dufayelensis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. livingstonensis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. massalongiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. pertusariicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., A. rakusae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Carbonea austroshetlandica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Cercidospora pertusariicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dactylospora antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., D. haematommatis Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dahawkswia lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Dendrophoma acarosporae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Didymellopsis antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Lichenohostes citrinospora Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Lichenostigma corymbosae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Llanorella ramalinae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Metasphaeria verrucosa Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Micarea lichenicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phaeospora antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. convolutae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phaeosporodendron badiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Phoma acarosporae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Prostratomyces leprariae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. ochrolechiae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., P. rhizocarpicolae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Rhagadostoma antarctica Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Sphaerellothecium placopsiicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Stigmidium placopsiicola Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., Taeniolella frigidae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov., and Tetramelas caloplacae Alstrup & Olech, sp. nov. Furthermore, a literature survey was undertaken, which resulted in the preparation of an identification guide for the lichenicolous species occurring in the South Shetlands Islands.

The new genus and species Bicoloromyces kyffinensis is described as new to science from a sterile crustose lichen, perhaps Lecanora fuscobrunnea or Lecidella sp. from Ebony Ridge of Mount Kyffin, Antarctica. The fungus recalls superficially the lichenicolous species referred to Taeniolella, but differs in having semi-macronematous conidiophores, tissues encrusted with calcium oxalate, aeruginose to blue-black colouration under the microscope, and conidia which are distoseptate and formed in basipetal chains. Energy dispersive spectroscopy established that the encrustations were of calcium oxalate. Differences from genera of rock-inhabiting fungi described from the Antarctic are discussed. This appears to be the furthest south any lichen-inhabiting fungus has been reported.

Zhurbenko, M. P. & Kobzeva, A. A. 2014. Lichenicolous fungi from Northwest Caucasus, Russia. — Herzogia 27: 377–396. One hundred species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Northwest Caucasus; 64 of them are new to the Caucasus. Hainesia aeruginascens, H. brevicladoniae, Minutoexcipula calatayudii, Neobarya peltigerae, Opegrapha anomea, O. rotunda, Polycoccum arnoldii, P. kaernefeltii, Pronectria echinulata and P. santessonii are newly reported for Asia and Russia. Abrothallus cetrariae, Pyrenochaeta xanthoriae, Taeniolella delicata, Trichonectria anisospora and Zwackhiomyces echinulatus are new to Asia, but not Russia. Cercidospora melanophthalmae, Lichenostigma rupicolae, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum and Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum are new to Russia, but not Asia. Endococcus incrassatus and Xanthoriicola physciae are new to Asian Russia. Lichenochora rinodinae is first reported from outside the Arctic. Finds of specimens presumably belonging to the insufficiently known species Merismat...

New species of dematiaceous Hyphomycetes occurring on dead wood of deciduous trees in Poland are described: Bactrodesmium xerophilum, Corynespora quercicola, Septonema binum and Taeniolella dichotoma.

Nineteen species of lichenicolous fungi collected in 129 localities in Poland in the years 1968 and 1970-2003 are reported in the paper. They are as follows: Athelia arachnoidea (Berk.) Jülich, Tremella cladoniae Diederich et M.S. Chrst., T. hypogymniae Diederich et M.S. Chris., T. lichecola Diederich, Clypeococcum hypocenomycis D. Hawksw., Polycoccum superficiale D. Hawksw. et Miądlikowska, Nectria lecanodes Ces., Pronectria erythrinella (Nyl.) Lowen, Cortocifraga fuckelii (Rehm) D. Hawksw. et R. Sant., C. peltigerae (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. et R. Sant., Libertiella malmedyensis Speg. et Roum., Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. et D. Hawksw., L. lecanorae (Jaap) D. Hawksw., L. pyxidatae (Oudem.) Petrak et Sydow, Vouauxiella lichenicola (Lindsay) Petrak et Sydow, Bispora christiansenii D. Hawksw., Illosporium carneum Fr., Karsteniomyces peltigerae (P. Karst.) D. Hawksw. and Taeniolella beschiana Diederich.

Tsurykau, A., Golubkov, V. & Kukwa, M. 2014. New or otherwise interesting records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belarus. — Herzogia 27: 111–120. Data on fourteen species of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Belarus are presented, of which 5 lichens (Fuscidea arboricola, Lecanora compallens, Lepraria vouauxii, Ochrolechia bahusiensis, Violella fucata) and 7 lichenicolous fungi (Acremonium antarcticum, Epicladonia sandstedei, E. stenospora, Lettauia cladoniicola, Pezizella ucrainica, Phaeopyxis punctum, Taeniolella phaeophysciae) are new to the country. The occurrence of Ochrolechia pallescens is confirmed by thin-layer chromatography in Belarus and the first contemporary record of O. arborea is presented.

The article presents a distribution atlas of 166 taxa of lichens and 15 species of lichenicolous fungi growing in the Bolimów Landscape Park and its protection zone (Central Poland), collected between 1982-1984 and 1996-2003. Relevant data available in the literature on the subject as well as the data deposited in the Herbarium of Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi (LOD) arę additionally provided. The ATPOL (ATLICHEN) grid sąuare system was used to examine the distribution of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. The taxa discussed in the article comprise as many as 40 threatened species (acc. to the Red List Categories: CR - 2 species, EN - 6, VU - 18, NT - 13, DD - 1), 34 protected species in Poland, and 5 indicators of old-growth forests. The most noteworthy lichens and lichenicolous fungi (*) are: Absconditella lignicola, Biatora ocelliformis, Protoparmelia hypotremella, Stereum subtomentosum, Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa, *Phaeopyxis punctum and *Taeniolella beschiana.

Heuchert, B., Diederich, P., Zhurbenko, M. P. & Braun, U. 2019. Taeniolella diploschistis sp. nov. – a new lichenicolous fungus on Diploschistes scruposus. – Herzogia 32: 94 –100.The new lichenicolous hyphomycete Taeniolella diploschistis, found on thalli and apothecia of the lichen Diploschistes scruposus in Asia (Russia) and Europe (Luxembourg and France), is described, illustrated, compared with morphologically similar lichenicolous species referred to the genus Taeniolella and keyed out together with other species occurring on hosts belonging to Graphidaceae. The biology of the new species is not quite clear, but blackish necroses below colonies of this fungus, although sometimes only slight, may suggest a pathogenic life strategy.

SCHIEFELBEIN, U. 2013. Additions to the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Germany). — Herzogia 26: 65–72. Records of 13 lichenized, lichenicolous or saprophytic fungi from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania are reported. Absconditella lignicola, Bacidina sulphurella, Endococcus exerrans, Lepraria rigidula, Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum, Monodictys epilepraria, Mycoglaena myricae, Peltigera extenuata, Stigmidium marinum, Taeniolella punctata and Tremella hypogymniae are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Arthonia pruinata is rediscovered in this federal state after more than 70 years and the occurrence of Graphis pulverulenta could be confirmed.

Kukwa, M., Czarnota, P. & Perz, P. 2010. New or interesting records of lichenicolous fungi from Poland VIII. - Herzogia 23: 111-119. Records of 46 lichenicolous fungi are presented. Taeniolella rolfii is reported as new to Central Europe, and Arthonia digitatae and Trichonectria rubefaciens new to Poland. Roselliniella stereocaulorum is reported from the second European locality. Taeniolella trapeliopseos is discovered for the first time in the Carpathians. Phaeosporobolus alpinus is found for the first time in Polish lowland, and Chaenothecopsis savonica is reported as new to Polish Carpathians. Thelocarpon impresellum and T. intermediellum are found as lichenicolous for the first time. The first Polish lichenicolous record of Chaenothecopsis viridireagens is also reported. Lecanora flavoleprosa is a new host for Lichenoconium lecanorae and Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa for Taeniolella trapeliopseos. Zusammenfassung: Kukwa, M., Czarnota, P. & Perz, P. 2010. Neue oder interessante Funde lichenicoler Pilze aus Polen VIII. - Herzogia 23: 111-119. Funde von 46 lichenicolen Pilzen werden aufgefuhrt. Taeniolella rolfii ist neu fur Mitteleuropa. Arthonia digitatae und Trichonectria rubefaciens werden erstmals fur Polen nachgewiesen. Roselliniella stereocaulorum wird zum zweiten Mal aus Europa angegeben. Taeniolella trapeliopseos wurde erstmals in den Karpaten gefunden. Von Phaeosporobolus alpinus wird der erste Fund aus dem polnischen Flachland angegeben und Chaenothecopsis savonica ist neu fur den polnischen Teil der Karpaten. Thelocarpon impresellum und T. intermediellum wurden erstmals lichenicol gefunden. Der erste lichenicole Nachweis von Chaenothecopsis viridireagens in Polen wird aufgefuhrt. Lecanora flavoleprosa ist ein neuer Wirt fur Lichenoconium lecanorae und Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa fur Taeniolella trapeliopseos.

This study reports twelve species of cladoniicolous fungi from Turkey. Nine of these taxa, i.e. Abrothallus cladoniae R. Sant. & D. Hawksw., Epicladonia stenospora (Harm.) D. Hawksw., Lichenosticta alcicornaria (Linds.) D. Hawksw., Lichenoconium aeruginosum Diederich, M. Brand, van den Boom & Lawrey, Phoma foliaceiphila Diederich, Kocourk. & Etayo, Scutula cladoniicola Alstrup & D. Hawksw., Sphaerellothecium cladoniicola E. S. Hansen & Alstrup, Syzygospora bachmannii Diederich & M. S. Christ., and Taeniolella beschiana Diederich, are new records for Turkey. A key to these 12 species of lichenicolous fungi on Cladonia species is provided.

Taeniolella is a genus of asexual ascomycetes with saprophytic, endophytic, and lichenicolous life styles. A phylogeny of representative species is presented, with a focus on lichenicolous taxa. We obtained mtSSU and nuLSU sequence data from culture isolates of Taeniolella and from freshly collected specimens of other taxa. Taeniolella is recovered as strongly polyphyletic. The type species, Taeniolella exilis, is placed in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within Dothideomycetes. Other saprophytic/endophytic Taeniolella species previously assigned to Sordariomycetes based on sequences were found to represent either contaminants or species that cannot be assigned to Taeniolella for morphological reasons. Lichenicolous species are restricted to Asterotexiales (Dothideomycetes) where the sequenced species of Taeniolella do not form a monophyletic group, but are related to species of Buelliella s. lat., Karschia, Labrocarpon, Melaspilea s. lat., and Stictographa. Molecular data are, however, not sufficient to reallocate the lichenicolous Taeniolella species to other genera so far. Anamorph–teleomorph relationships between these taxa and lichenicolous Taeniolella are discussed but could not be demonstrated. The type of Buelliella is placed in Asterotexiales, and the genus recovered as polyphyletic. Three new lichenicolous Taeniolella species are described, Taeniolella hawksworthiana, Taeniolella pyrenulae and Taeniolella toruloides. Taeniolella rudis is transferred to Sterigmatobotrys.

Collections of woody debris from streams in a lower montaine cloud forest in Peru yielded a novel fungus with affinities to the family Annulatascaceae. Characters which place it in the family Annulatascaceae sensu lato include ascomata which are brown pigmented; long periphysate necks; long tapering septate paraphyses; unitunicate, pedicellate asci with a prominent bipartite Japical ring; and ascospores with a gelatinous sheath. Examination of morphological characters provided a diagnosis which did not fit with existing genera and species in this family. The combination of features that distinguish this fungus are a pigmented ascoma with a neck which is hyaline at the apex and has prominent black hairs, fasciculate asci with a spine-like pedicellar extension, and versicolored ascospores which are constricted at the midseptum. The fungus also produces its anamorphic state in culture which is the first record of an asexual state in the Annulatascaceae. The new genus Chaetorostrum is erected to accommodate this undescribed fungus. The type species of Chaetorostrum, C. quincemilensis is described, illustrated and compared with other morphologically similar taxa in the family.

Brackel, W. v. 2010. Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, including Lichenopeltella uncialicola sp. nov. — Herzogia 23: 93–109. Records of 57 species of lichenicolous fungi and lichens from Iceland, especially from the Northwest Fjords are presented. Agonimia globulifera, Arthonia phaeophysciae, Cercidospora cladoniicola, C. decolorella, C. parva, Clauzadeomyces verrucosus, Dacampia rufescentis, Echinothecium cladoniae, Endococcus macrosporus, E. verrucisporus, Intralichen lichenicola, Lichenoconium usneae, Merismatium decolorans, Phaeosporobolus usneae, Protothelenella santessonii, Scutula cladoniicola, Skyttea elachistophora, Sphaerellothecium cladoniae, S. cladoniicola, S. minutum, 5. stereocaulorum, Stigmidium gyrophorarum, Taeniolella diederichiana, and Zwackhiomyces martinatianus are new for Iceland. The muscicolous fungi Bryochiton microscopicus and Julella macrospora are also new for Iceland. The new species Lichenopeltella uncialicola is described.

Um inventário de fungos conidiais foi realizado em seis áreas de extrema importância biológica do bioma Caatinga. Foram identificadas 41 espécies, com Dactylaria cazorlii Mercado, Gené & Guarro e Thozetella queenslandica Paulus, P.Gadek & K.D. Hyde descritas pela segunda vez para a ciência. Ellisembia bambusae (M.B. Ellis) W.P. Wu, Gonytrichum mirabile Hol.-Jech., Uberispora tropicalis Bhat & W.B. Kendr. constituem novas ocorrências para o continente americano; Acrophragmis coronata Kiffer & Reisinger, Bactrodesmium linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart, Piricauda cochinensis (Subram.) M.B. Ellis e Taeniolella alta (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes novas ocorrências para a América do Sul; Sporoschisma saccardoi E.W. Mason & S. Hughes e Stachylidium bicolor var. bicolor Link novas ocorrências para o Brasil e Paraceratocladium bacilliformis Calduch, Stchigel, Gene & Guarro nova citação para o semi-árido brasileiro. As novas ocorrências são descritas, ilustradas e comentadas e é incluída uma lista com as demais espécies encontradas. An inventory of the conidial fungi was carried in six areas of extreme biological importance of the Caatinga biome. Forty one species were identified: Dactylaria cazorlii Mercado, Gené & Guarro and Thozetella queenslandica Paulus, P.Gadek & K.D. Hyde are described the second time for science; Ellisembia bambusae (M.B. Ellis) W.P. Wu, Gonytrichum mirabile Hol.-Jech., Uberispora tropicalis Bhat & W.B. Kendr. constitute new records for the American continent; Acrophragmis coronata Kiffer & Reisinger, Bactrodesmium linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart, Piricauda cochinensis (Subram.) M.B. Ellis, Taeniolella alta (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes are new records for South America; Sporoschisma saccardoi E.W. Mason & S. Hughes and Stachylidium bicolor var. bicolor Link are new records for Brasil and Paraceratocladium bacilliformis Calduch, Stchigel, Gene & Guarro is a new record for the Brazilian semi-arid region. The new records are described, illustrated and commented and a check list with all species found is included.

AA, A. R. & J. A. SJASTAD. 2000. Schmidt hammer age evaluation of the moraine sequence in front of Boyabreen, western Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 80: 27–32. 5 fig. 2 tab. [Includes lichenometric data using Rhizocarpon geographicum.] AARKROG, A., H. DAHLGAARD & S. P. NIELSEN. 2000. Environmental radioactive contamination in Greenland: a 35 years retrospect. Science of the Total Environment 245: 233–248. 11 fig. 6 tab. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2001. [Review] F. S. Dobson. Lichens. An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species, Edn. 4. 431 pp. Richmond Publishing, Slough, UK. 2000 (2001). Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 11: xxxii–xxxiii. AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B. 2001. [Review] G. Kantvilas & S. J. Jarman. Lichens of Rainforest in Tasmania and SouthEastern Australia. Flora of Australia Suppl. Series 9: 1–212. 1999. Bibliography of Systematic Mycology 11: xxxiii–xxxiv. ALSTRUP, V. & E. S. HANSEN. 2001. New lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Greenland. Graphis Scripta 12: 41–50. 12 fig. [New: Servitia M. S. Christ. & Alstrup gen. nov.,S. inconspicuum (Lynge) M. S. Christ. & Alstrup, Arthonia aspiciliaesp. nov. (on Aspicilia elevata), Arthonia glacialissp. nov. (on Rhizoplaca melanophthalma), Merismatium thamnoliicolumsp. nov. (on Thamnolia vermicularis), Niesslia kununguakiisp. nov. (on dead Arthrorhaphis alpina), Phaeopyxis muscigenaesp. nov. (on Physconia muscigena), Phaeospora verrucariaesp. nov. (on Verrucaria placynthiae), Rhizocarpon cleptophilumsp. nov. (on Acarospora picea), Sagiolechia parasiticasp. nov. (on Hymenelia cyanocarpa), Skyttea arenicolasp. nov. (apparently a saprophyte, but associated with various lichens), Taeniolella ionaspisicolasp. nov. (on Ionaspis odora), Verrucaria placynthiaesp. nov. (on Placynthium nigrum).] ALVES, R. J. V. & J. KOLBEK. 1993. Penumbral rock communities in campo rupestre sites in Brazil. Journal of Vegetation Science 4: 357–366. 3 fig. 1 tab. 2 append. [Includes a few lichens, mostly undetermined.] ALVES, R. J. V. & J. KOLBEK. 2000. Primary succession on quartzite cliffs in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Biologia [Bratislava] 55: 69–83. 2 fig. 2 photo. 2 tab. [Lichens only briefly considered.] ANGOLD, P. G. 1997. The impact of a road upon adjacent heathland vegetation: effects on plant species composition. Journal of Applied Ecology 34: 409–417. 1 fig. 6 tab. ARUP, U. & M. GRUBE. 2000. Is Rhizoplaca (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota) a monophyletic genus? Ca

Taeniolella rudis, with secondary sympodioconidia, is illustrated and described and its taxonomic assignment evaluated. A second new species, Taeniolella longissima, is described and illustrated. The ecological role of these fungi in the colonization of wood in freshwater habitats is discussed.

Helminthosporium asterinum Cooke (=Helminthosporium papulosum Anth. Berg, Helminthosporium phomatae Dearn. & House) is redescribed and transferred to Ellisembia because of distinctions in the kind of conidiogenous cell. Polydesmus elegans Durieu & Mont. is redescribed and Helminthosporium densum Sacc. & Roum. and Taeniolella bilgramii S.S. Reddy & S.M. Reddy are its synonyms. Imimyces A. Hern.-Guit. & B. Sutton, typified by H. densum Sacc. & Roum., is a synonym of Polydesmus Mont. Consequent to the exclusion of the type species of Imimyces, a new genus, Imicles, typified by Helminthosporium leptosporum Sacc. & Roum., is proposed for the residue of species formerly included in Imimyces.Key words: apple, pear, black-pox, Corynespora, Corynesporina, Sporidesmium.

Weddellomyces pertusariicola Halici (Ascomycota, Dacampiaceae) is described as new from the thallus of Pertusaria lactea on siliceous rocks in the East Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the first known species of Weddellomyces on Pertusaria and differs from most other species of the genus by smooth-walled, shorter and narrower ascospores. The host lichen was also infected by Taeniolella pertusariicola.

The lichenicolous hyphomycete Taeniolella diederichiana Etayo & Calatayud, is described from the Andes (Colombia and Peru) and the Canary Islands. It grows on the thallus and apothecial margin of Placopsis. It is characterized by forming minute sporodochia over a basal group of polyhedral cells, and by its conidia with a verruculose to verrucose-striate wall.

Little is known about the dynamics of succession of fungi on limestone exposed in subtropical environments. In this study, the colonization of experimental blocks of compact and porous limestone by a fungal community derived from natural biofilms occurring on Structure X from the archaeological site of Becan (Mexico), was studied using a cultivation-dependent approach after short-term (9 m) exposure in order to provide a preliminary insight of the colonization process under seminatural conditions. Microbial growth seen as the change of colour of stone surfaces to black/dark green was more abundant on the porous limestone. There was a fairly clear difference in microbial colonization between the onset of the experiment and the 6th month for both limestone types, but no significant increase in the colonization of coupons occurred between months 6 and 9. This could be related to the low rainfall expected for this period, corresponding to the dry season. A total of 977 isolates were obtained. From these, 138 sterile fungi were unidentified, 380 could only be assigned to the order Sphaeropsidales; the remaining isolates (459) were grouped into 27 genera and 99 different species. Nearly all detected fungal species belonged to the Ascomycota (90 %). Rare taxa (species represented by one to three isolates) included the recently described genus Elasticomyces, several species of genera Hyalodendron, Monodyctis, Papulospora, Curvularia, and Septoria. Other taxa were Minimedusa and Gliomastix luzulae, which have not been previously described for stone environments. Abundant fungi included several species of the common genera Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Taeniolella typical for a range of habitats. Succession of populations was observed for certain taxa, this shift in the composition of fungal communities was more evident in porous limestone. After 6 m of exposure, species of the genera Scolecobasidium, Hyalodendron, and Taeniolella were predominant, while after 9 m, the predominant species belonged to the genera Curvularia and Alternaria, particularly on porous stone. These results suggest that Curvularia and Alternaria replaced other fungi, due to a higher tolerance towards low levels of available water during the dry season. Higher levels of water within the porous stone, keep longer periods of microbial activity, minimizing the impact of desiccation. This study contributes to understand the diversity of fungal communities in stone surfaces in subtropical settings and the dynamics of colonization on limestone.

Bilovitz, P. O., Batic, F. & Mayrhofer, H. 2011. Epiphytic lichen mycota of the virgin forest reserve Rajhenavski Rog (Slovenia). - Herzogia 24: 315 -324. A list of 128 taxa (127 species) of lichens, 6 species of lichenicolous fungi and 2 non-lichenized fungi traditionally included in lichenological literature from the virgin forest Rajhenavski Rog and its surroundings in the southeastern part of Slovenia is presented. The lichen Gyalecta derivata, the lichenicolous fungus Homostegia piggotii, and the non-lichenized fungus Mycomicrothelia pachnea are new to Slovenia. The lichenized fungi Chaenotheca trichialis, C. xyloxena, Lecanactis abietina, Lecanora thysanophora, Pertusaria ophthalmiza, the lichenicolous fungi Monodictys epilepraria, Tremella hypogymniae, Taeniolella friesii, and the non-lichenized fungus Chaenothecopsis pusilla are new to the Dinaric phytogeographical region of Slovenia.

A description is provided for Taeniolella beschiana , a parasite of Cladonia spp. Information is included on morphology, associated organisms and substrata, geographical distribution (North America, USA, Alaska), Asia (Russia), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, UK, England, Scotland), dispersal/transmission, conservation status and taxonomic position.

Heteroconium citharexyli, the type species of this genus, is illustrated and redescribed as a sooty mold bearing acropetal chains of conidia showing a basifugal sequence of septation. Heteroconium neriifoliae, H. glutinosa and the Heteroconium synanamorph of Antennulariella concinna are congeneric. The latter species is neotypified, illustrated and described. Pirozynskiella new genus, typified by P. solaninum comb. nov. (-Helminthosporium solaninum), differs from Heteroconium in having an obligate association with asterinaceous fungi and in the centrifugal sequence of conidium transseptation after the initial median septum. Pirozynskiella costaricensis comb. nov. (-Dendryphion costaricensis) is illustrated and described. Heteroconium tetracoilum and H. chaetospira are fungicoles of wood and bark; the former has basifugal conidium septation and the latter has a centrifugal sequence. The two latter species can be excluded from the Heteroconium. Basifugal and centrifugal septation of conidia is discussed with reference to several sooty molds, to some foliicolous anamorphs with subcuticular hyphae (Heterosporiopsis) and to some wood and bark hyphomycetes (Septonema, Taeniolella). Ten other species included in Heteroconium are known to me only from their original descriptions; only one (H. asiaticum) is probably a sooty mold.

Three species of lichenicolous fungi, Roselliniella cladoniae , Taeniolella beschiana and Trichonectria rubefaciens , are reported for the first time for Belarus; two further species, lllosporiopsis christiansenii and Marchandiomyces aurantiacus , are new to Gomel Region, the south-eastern part of Belarus.

Twenty dematiaceous hyphomycetes are reported from the British Isles including Bactrodesmium hebridense sp.nov., Chalara dennisii sp.nov., Domingoella arctostaphyli sp.nov., Hansfordia caricis sp.nov., Ityorhoptrum gen.nov. with I. verruculosum (M. B. Ellis) sp.nov., Kionocephala gen.nov. with K. catenulata (M. B. Ellis) comb.nov., Mirandina arnaudii sp.nov. and Sympodiella foliicola sp.nov. Bactrodesmium obliquum var. suttonii, Dactylaria fusiformis, Dischloridium laeense, Hormiactella fusca, Melanocephala australiensis, Mirandina corticola, Rhinotrichum pulchrum and Sporidesmium bombacis are recorded from the British Isles for the first time, the synanamorph of Arachnophora fagicola is described and additional records of the Arthrinium hysterium (Sacc.) comb.nov., anamorph of Apiospora bambusae, Endophragmiella lignicola and Septosporium bulbotrichum are provided.

The generic description of Anavirga Sutton is amended. A. dendromorpha sp.nov. is illustrated and described from submerged decaying substrata and from artificial cultures. It produces a Phialocephala state from the apical cells of persistent A. dendromorpha conidia submerged in water. Taeniolella dichotoma Borowska, recently described from Poland is placed in synonymy with A. laxa Sutton.

Some Hyphomycetes collected on decayed plant material from freshwater swamps and hammocks include Parasympodiella minima sp. nov., Paratomenticola georgiana sp. no v., Scolecobasidium cylindrosporum sp. nov., Chaetopsina ludoviciana sp. nov., and Taeniolella americana sp. nov. In addition, Cryptophiale udagawae Pirozynski & Ichinoe, Exserticlava vasiformis (Matsushima) Hughes, Mycoenterolobium platysporum Goos, and Phragmospathula phoenicis Subram. & Nair are reported as new records for North America.