Search

Wood vinegar is widely used as a strong antioxidant, bacteria prevention, plant growth agent, an insecticide, and its effectiveness is shown in heavy metal treatment at this time.Wood vinegar liquid contains organic acids and phenols, which are effective in adsorbing heavy metals. Although a lot of studies have been conducted on the adsorption of heavy metals from biochar, the effect of mixing biochar and wood vinegar liquid on plant budding, and soil heavy metal morphology changes few studies have been analyzed. This paper analyzes the effects of Wood vinegar and biochar on the sprouting of pakchoi grown in different threats of cadmium from the nature of Wood vinegar. As a result, it was confirmed that the optimum concentration of the applied fertilizer wood vinegar that lowers the plant effectiveness of Cadmium was 1.0%. The fresh weight of pakchoi changed significantly in the order of biochar + wood vinegar 1.0% mixing> biochar> control. When 5.0% Biochar was mixed with 1.0% wood vinegar, the immobilization effect of the residual state and the carbonate bound cadmium in the soil was the highest. The combined application of wood vinegar and biochar promotes the germination of pakchoi, and has a significant inactivation effect on cadmium-contaminated soil; the results of analyzing the effectiveness of the mixing of wood vinegar and biochar and separate fertilization for each soil index show that, Compared to before sowing the pH ratio of the mixed treatment of biochar + wood vinegar is higher than that of the single treatment zone, which is as high as between 6.6-6.8, the EC is reduced to 2-59mS/cm width, and the CEC is increased by 0.27-2.21 times. It shows that under heavy metal stress, the mixed treatment of biochar+wood vinegar solution 1.0% is more effective than the treatment of biochar alone and the control.

Remediation of toxic chlorinated ethenes via microbial reductive dechlorination can lead to ethene formation; however, the process stalls in acidic groundwater, leading to the accumulation of carcinogenic vinyl chloride (VC). This study explored the feasibility of cometabolic VC degradation by moderately acidophilic methanotrophs. Two novel isolates, Methylomonas sp. strain JS1 and Methylocystis sp. strain MJC1, were obtained from distinct alpine peat bogs located in South Korea. Both isolates cometabolized VC with CH4 as the primary substrate under oxic conditions at pH at or below 5.5. VC cometabolism in axenic cultures occurred in the presence (10 μM) or absence (

Microorganisms possessing N2O reductases (NosZ) are the only known environmental sink of N2O. While oxygen inhibition of NosZ activity is widely known, environments where N2O reduction occurs are often not devoid of O2. However, little is known regarding N2O reduction in microoxic systems. Here, 1.6-L chemostat cultures inoculated with activated sludge samples were sustained for ca. 100 days with low concentration (−1) of N2O, and the resulting microbial consortia were analyzed via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomic/metatranscriptomic analyses. Unintended but quantified intrusion of O2 sustained dissolved oxygen concentration above 4 µM; however, complete N2O reduction of influent N2O persisted throughout incubation. Metagenomic investigations indicated that the microbiomes were dominated by an uncultured taxon affiliated to Burkholderiales, and, along with the qPCR results, suggested coexistence of clade I and II N2O reducers. Contrastingly, metatranscriptomic nosZ pools were dominated by the Dechloromonas-like nosZ subclade, suggesting the importance of the microorganisms possessing this nosZ subclade in reduction of trace N2O. Further, co-expression of nosZ and ccoNO/cydAB genes found in the metagenome-assembled genomes representing these putative N2O-reducers implies a survival strategy to maximize utilization of scarcely available electron acceptors in microoxic environmental niches.

Microorganisms possessing N

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prognostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging on nonenhancing T2 high-signal-intensity lesions in patients with glioblastoma has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. We evaluated the temporal change and prognostic value for progression-free survival of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging–derived pharmacokinetic parameters on nonenhancing T2 high-signal-intensity lesions in patients with glioblastoma before and after standard treatment, including gross total surgical resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 33 patients who were newly diagnosed with glioblastoma and treated with gross total surgical resection followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide in a single institution. All patients underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging before surgery as a baseline and after completion of maximal surgical resection and concurrent chemoradiation therapy. On the whole nonenhancing T2 high-signal-intensity lesion, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging–derived pharmacokinetic parameters (volume transfer constant [K(trans)], volume of extravascular extracellular space [v(e)](,) and blood plasma volume [v(p)]) were calculated. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis was performed to determine the histogram features or percentage changes of pharmacokinetic parameters related to progression-free survival. RESULTS: Baseline median K(trans), baseline first quartile K(trans), and posttreatment median K(trans) were significant independent variables, as determined by univariate analysis (P

The R132H and R172K mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) have neomorphic activity of generating 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) which has been implicated in the oncogenesis. Although similarities in structure and enzyme activity for the two isotypic mutations have been suggested, the difference in their cellular localization and biochemical properties suggests differential effects on the metabolic oncogenesis. Using U87 cells transfected with either wild-type (WT) and mutant (MT) IDH genes, the MT-IDH1 and MT-IDH2 cells were compared with NMR-based metabolomics. When normalized with the respective WT-IDH cells, the general metabolic shifts of MT-IDH1 and IDH2 were almost opposite. Subsequent analysis with LC-MS and metabolic pathway mapping showed that key metabolites in pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle are disproportionately altered in the two mutants, suggesting different activities in the key metabolic pathways. Notably, lactate level was lower in MT-IDH2 cells which produced more 2-HG than MT-IDH1 cells, indicating that the Warburg effects can be overridden by the production of 2-HG. We also found that the effect of a mutant enzyme inhibitor is mainly reduction of the 2-HG level rather than general metabolic normalization. Overall, the metabolic alterations in the MT-IDH1 and 2 can be different and seem to be commensurate with the degree of 2-HG production. The R132H and R172K mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2, respectively, (IDH1 and IDH2) have neomorphic activity of generating 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) which has been implicated in oncogenesis. The mutant cell's metabolic shifts from the respective wild type cells were almost opposite, with lactate level being lower in the IDH2 mutant only, implicating an overridden Warburg effect. The metabolic effect of an IDH1 mutant inhibitor was limited to 2-HG lowering.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The usefulness of pharmacokinetic parameters for glioma grading has been reported based on the perfusion data from parts of entire-tumor volumes. However, the perfusion values may not reflect the entire-tumor characteristics. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of glioma grading by using histogram analyses of pharmacokinetic parameters including the volume transfer constant, extravascular extracellular space volume per unit volume of tissue, and blood plasma volume per unit volume of tissue from T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight patients (14 men, 14 women; mean age, 49.75 years; age range, 25–72 years) with histopathologically confirmed gliomas (World Health Organization grade II, n = 7; grade III, n = 8; grade IV, n = 13) were examined before surgery or biopsy with conventional MR imaging and T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging at 3T. Volume transfer constant, extravascular extracellular space volume per unit volume of tissue, and blood plasma volume per unit volume of tissue were calculated from the entire-tumor volume. Histogram analyses from these parameters were correlated with glioma grades. The parameters with the best percentile from cumulative histograms were identified by analysis of the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic analysis and were compared by using multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis for distinguishing high- from low-grade gliomas. RESULTS: All parametric values increased with increasing glioma grade. There were significant differences among the 3 grades in all parameters (P < .01). For the differentiation of high- and low-grade gliomas, the highest area under the curve values were found at the 98th percentile of the volume transfer constant (area under the curve, 0.912; cutoff value, 0.277), the 90th percentile of extravascular extracellular space volume per unit volume of tissue (area under the curve, 0.939; cutoff value, 19.70), and the 84th percentile of blood plasma volume per unit volume of tissue (area under the curve, 0.769; cutoff value, 11.71). The 98th percentile volume transfer constant value was the only variable that could be used to independently differentiate high- and low-grade gliomas in multivariable stepwise logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Histogram analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters from whole-tumor volume data can be a useful method for glioma grading. The 98th percentile value of the volume transfer constant was the most significant measure.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Although metabolomics has been increasingly used to observe metabolic pattern and disease-specific metabolic markers, metabolite profiling for moyamoya disease (MMD) has not yet been done in adults. This study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolites specific to bilateral MMD (B-MMD) and compared them to those of unilateral MMD (U-MMD) or atherosclerotic stenosis with hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify metabolic biomarkers associated with MMD in adults. CSF samples of B-MMD (n = 29), U-MMD (n = 11), and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) (n = 8) were recruited. Principal component analysis, partial least square discriminant analysis, and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were done for the comparisons. Diagnostic performance was acquired by prediction of 1 left-out sample from the distinction model constructed with the rest of the samples. B-MMD showed an increase in glutamine (P

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Subependymal enhancement and DWI have been reported to be useful MR imaging markers for identifying true progression. Our aim was to determine whether the subependymal enhancement pattern and ADC can differentiate true progression from pseudoprogression in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy by using temozolomide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with glioblastoma multiforme with newly developed or enlarged enhancing lesions on the first follow-up MR images obtained within 2 months of concurrent chemoradiotherapy completion were included. Subependymal enhancement was analyzed for the presence, location, and pattern (local or distant relative to enhancing lesions). The mean ADC value and the fifth percentile of the cumulative ADC histogram were determined. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with true progression. RESULTS: Distant subependymal enhancement (ie, extending >1 cm or isolated from the enhancing lesion) was significantly more common in true progression ( n = 24) than in pseudoprogression ( n = 18) ( P = .042). The fifth percentile of the cumulative ADC histogram was significantly lower in true progression than in pseudoprogression ( P = .014). Both the distant subependymal enhancement and the fifth percentile of the cumulative ADC histogram were independent factors associated with true progression ( P = .041 and P = .033, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of true progression were 83% and 67%, respectively, by using both factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both the distant subependymal enhancement and the fifth percentile of the cumulative ADC histogram were significant independent factors predictive of true progression. CCRT : concurrent chemoradiotherapy GBM : glioblastoma multiforme TMZ : temozolomide RANO : Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology

Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations with neomorphic activity of converting α-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate have been found in many types of cancers. We report an NMR-based assay specific for the mutant using (13)C4-labeled α-ketoglutarate. It can be done in a complex mixture without extraction, give time-dependent absolute quantitation, and be applied to enzyme inhibition studies. Its merits over conventional assays should facilitate inhibitor developments for a new class of target-oriented anticancer agents.